AD conversion, 63
delta-sigma, 70
oversampling, 66
AD converter, 79
characteristics, 79
counter, 84
delta-sigma, 85
half-flash, 83
parallel, 82
subranging, 83
successive approximation, 83
AES, 101
All-pass decomposition, 130, 132, 133
Ambisonics, 14
Anti-aliasing filter, 242
Anti-imaging filter, 241
Aperture delay, 79
Aperture jitter, 80
Attack time, 231
Audio coding, 273
lossless, 273
lossy, 275
Averaging time, 231
Biphase code, 102
Bit allocation, 290
Coding
Intensity stereo, 303
Mono/side, 302
Coding techniques, 4, 273, 284
COFDM, 4
Comb filter, 75
Compact disc, 10
Conversion time, 79
Critical bands, 277
DA conversion, 63
delta-sigma, 71
oversampling, 66
DA converter, 86
characteristics, 86
delta-sigma, 92
R-2R networks, 92
switched sources, 89
weighted capacitors, 90
weighted resistors, 90
Deemphasis/preemphasis, 103
Deglitcher, 87
Delta modulation, 69
Delta-sigma modulation, 12, 14, 66
decimation filter, 75
first-order, 68
higher-order, 74
multistage, 72
second-order, 71
signal-to-noise ratio, 73
DFT, 158
Differential nonlinearity, 80
Digital amplifier, 14
Digital crossover, 16
Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), 8
Digital Versatile Disc – Audio (DVD-A), 13
Direct Stream Digital, 12
Downsampling, 242
DVD, 13
Dynamic range, 225
Dynamic range control, 225
EBU, 101
Echo density, 203
Entropy coding, 274
Equalizers, 115
design of nonrecursive, 167
design of recursive, 119
nonrecursive, 157
FDDI, 105
Feedback systems, 208
Filter
Q-factor, 125
bilinear transformation, 128
constant-Q, 121
nonrecursive, 77
octave, 115
one-third octave, 116
peak, 117, 124, 132, 135, 136, 181
shelving, 117, 121, 130, 133–136, 181
multi-complementary, 168
octave-band, 168
Filter structures
coefficient quantization, 138
limit cycles, 157
noise behavior of recursive, 143
noise shaping, 150
parametric, 128
recursive, 138
scaling, 154
Frequency density, 202
Frequency sampling, 167
Gain error, 80
Hard disc recording, 1
Huffmann coding, 274
IDFT, 158
Image model, 192
Integral nonlinearity, 80
Internet audio, 9
Interpolation, 66, 75, 169, 174, 175, 246, 247, 254
Lagrange, 260
polynomial, 257
spline, 261
coder, 284
decoder, 286
Java applet, 59, 93, 182, 218, 238, 310
Limit cycles, 157
index, 289
threshold, 279, 281, 282, 284, 289
global, 290
MiniDisc, 10
Mixing console, 1
Monotonicity, 80
MPEG-2, 291
MPEG-2 AAC, 292
Noise
Number representation, 47
fixed-point, 47
floating-point, 53
format conversion, 56
Nyquist sampling, 63
OFDM transmission, 7
guard interval, 7
Offset error, 80
signal-to-noise ratio, 66
Peak factor, 23
Peak measurement, 118, 228, 229
Polyphase representation, 245
Prediction, 274
Pseudo-random sequence, 193, 213
Psychoacoustic models, 287
Pulse width modulation, 14
Quantization error
correlation with signal, 34
first-order statistics, 30
noise shaping, 42
power, 65
probability density function, 22
second-order statistics, 32
Quantization model, 21
Quantization noise, 284
Quantization step, 22, 23, 65, 247, 249
R-DAT, 10
Ray tracing model, 192
Real-time operating system, 97
Release time, 231
Resolution, 79
Reverberation time, 191, 195, 205
frequency-dependent, 207
Room impulse response, 191
approximation, 213
measurement of, 193
Root mean square measurement, 118, 229
Sample-and-hold, 79
circuit, 63
function, 247
Sampling period, 63
Sampling rate conversion, 241
asynchronous, 246
multistage, 252
single-stage, 250
synchronous, 244
Sampling theorem, 63
Scale factor, 303
Scaling factor, 289
Settling time, 87
Signal processor
fixed-point, 98
floating-point, 100
multi-processor systems, 109
single-processor systems, 107
Signal quantization, 21
Signal-to-mask ratio, 284, 287, 290, 291
Signal-to-noise ratio, 23, 53, 55, 57
Sinc distortion, 65
Sound channel, 4
Sound studio, 1
SPDIF interface, 102
Spectral Band Replication SBR, 8
Spectral band replication SBR, 306
Spreading function, 281
Static curve, 226
Storage media
DVD-A, 13
MiniDisc, 10
SACD, 11
Studio technology, 1
Subsequent reverberation, 191, 200
Super Audio CD (SACD), 11
Surround systems, 14
Threshold of hearing, 46, 278, 280, 289
Time constants, 230
Total harmonic distortion, 81
Transmission techniques
DRM, 8
internet audio, 9
Upsampling, 241
Weighting filter
A-, 118
CCIR-468, 118