SQL Commands by Task

One of the most frustrating and time-consuming aspects of database administration, particularly for the novice DBA, is finding the proper command to accomplish a particular task. In Table 13.1, we have listed most common database administration tasks along with the SQL commands used to accomplish these tasks. The detailed syntax of each command is listed later in this chapter.

Table 13-1. Common DBA Tasks and SQL Commands

If You Want to...

Use This Command

Add a column/integrity constraint to a table

ALTER TABLE

Add a comment to the data dictionary about a column

COMMENT

Add a comment to the data dictionary about a table or view

COMMENT

Add a comment to the data dictionary about a snapshot

COMMENT

Add or remove a resource limit to or from a profile

ALTER PROFILE

Add/drop/clear redo log file group members

ALTER DATABASE

Add/rename datafiles

ALTER TABLESPACE

Allocate an extent for a cluster

ALTER CLUSTER

Allocate an extent for the table

ALTER TABLE

Allow/disallow writing to a table

ALTER TABLE

Allow/disallow writing to a tablespace

ALTER TABLESPACE

Back up the current control file

ALTER DATABASE

Begin/end a backup

ALTER TABLESPACE

Bring a rollback segment online/offline

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT

Change a rollback segment’s storage characteristics

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT

Change a snapshot log’s storage characteristics

ALTER SNAPSHOT LOG

Change a user’s default role

ALTER USER

Change a user’s default tablespace

ALTER USER

Change a user’s password

ALTER USER

Change a user’s profile

ALTER USER

Change a user’s tablespace quotas

ALTER USER

Change a user’s temporary tablespace

ALTER USER

Change default storage characteristics

ALTER TABLESPACE

Change the authorization needed to access a role

ALTER ROLE

Change a snapshot’s storage, refresh time, or refresh mode

ALTER SNAPSHOT

Change the name of a database

CREATE CONTROL FILE

Change the name of a schema object

RENAME

Change the storage characteristics of a cluster

ALTER CLUSTER

Choose archivelog/noarchivelog mode

ALTER DATABASE

Choose auditing for specified SQL commands

AUDIT

Choose auditing for operations on schema objects

AUDIT

Collect performance statistics for a table, index, or cluster

ANALYZE

Convert an Oracle Version 6 data dictionary when migrating to Oracle7

ALTER DATABASE

Create a cluster that can contain one or more tables

CREATE CLUSTER

Create a database trigger

CREATE TRIGGER

Create a database

CREATE DATABASE

Create a directory database object (for BFILEs)

CREATE DIRECTORY

Create a library from which to call external 3GL functions and procedures

CREATE LIBRARY

Create a link to a remote database

CREATE DATABASE LINK

Create a new datafile

ALTER TABLESPACE

Create a new database user

CREATE USER

Create a new datafile in place of an old one for recovery purposes

ALTER DATABASE

Create a place in the database for storage of database objects

CREATE TABLESPACE

Create a profile and specify its resource limits

CREATE PROFILE

Create a role

CREATE ROLE

Create a rollback segment

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT

Create a sequence for generating sequential values

CREATE SEQUENCE

Create a snapshot log containing changes made to the master table

CREATE SNAPSHOT LOG

Create a snapshot of data from one or more remote master tables

CREATE SNAPSHOT

Create a stored function

CREATE FUNCTION

Create a stored procedure

CREATE PROCEDURE

Create a synonym for a schema object

CREATE SYNONYM

Create a table and define its columns, constraints, and storage

CREATE TABLE

Create an incomplete object type

CREATE TYPE

Create an index for a table or cluster

CREATE INDEX

Create an object type

CREATE TYPE

Create the body of a stored package

CREATE PACKAGE BODY

Create the specification of a stored package

CREATE PACKAGE

Define a view of one or more tables or views

CREATE VIEW

Delete all the rows from a table

TRUNCATE TABLE or DELETE FROM

Delete a user from the database

DROP USER

Disable auditing by reversing the effect of a prior AUDIT statement

NOAUDIT

Enable/disable a database trigger

ALTER TRIGGER

Enable/disable a thread of redo log file groups

ALTER DATABASE

Enable/disable all triggers on a table

ALTER TABLE

Enable/disable autoextending the size of datafiles

ALTER TABLESPACE

Enable/disable table locks on a table

ALTER TABLE

Enable/disable/drop an integrity constraint

ALTER TABLE

Grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to users and roles

GRANT

Identify chained rows for a table, index, or cluster

ANALYZE

Issue multiple CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW, and GRANT statements

CREATE SCHEMA

Modify the degree of parallelism for a table

ALTER TABLE

Open/mount the database

ALTER DATABASE

Perform media recovery

ALTER DATABASE

Prepare to downgrade to an earlier release of Oracle

ALTER DATABASE

Recompile a stored function

ALTER FUNCTION

Recompile a stored package

ALTER PACKAGE

Recompile a stored procedure

ALTER PROCEDURE

Recompile a view

ALTER VIEW

Recreate a control file

CREATE CONTROLFILE

Recreate SQL commands to build the database to the trace file

ALTER DATABASE

Redefine a column to change a table’s storage characteristics

ALTER TABLE

Redefine an index’s future storage allocation

ALTER INDEX

Redefine value generation for a sequence

ALTER SEQUENCE

Remove a cluster from the database

DROP CLUSTER

Remove a database link

DROP DATABASE LINK

Remove a directory object from the database

DROP DIRECTORY

Remove a library object from the database

DROP LIBRARY

Remove a profile from the database

DROP PROFILE

Remove a role from the database

DROP ROLE

Remove a rollback segment from the database

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT

Remove a sequence from the database

DROP SEQUENCE

Remove a snapshot from the database

DROP SNAPSHOT

Remove a snapshot log from the database

DROP SNAPSHOT LOG

Remove a stored function from the database

DROP FUNCTION

Remove a stored package from the database

DROP PACKAGE

Remove a stored procedure from the database

DROP PROCEDURE

Remove a synonym from the database

DROP SYNONYM

Remove a table from the database

DROP TABLE

Remove a tablespace from the database

DROP TABLESPACE

Remove a trigger from the database

DROP TRIGGER

Remove a user and the objects in the user’s schema from the database

DROP USER

Remove a user-defined type from the database

DROP TYPE

Remove a view from the database

DROP VIEW

Remove all rows from a table or cluster and free the space that the rows used

TRUNCATE

Remove an index from the database

DROP INDEX

Rename a datafile/redo log file member

ALTER DATABASE

Resize one or more datafiles

ALTER DATABASE

Revoke system privileges, roles, and object privileges from users and roles

REVOKE

Shrink a rollback segment to an optimal or given size

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT

Specify a formula to calculate the total cost of resources used by a session

ALTER RESOURCE COST

Take a datafile online/offline

ALTER DATABASE

Take a tablespace online/offline

ALTER TABLESPACE

Validate structure of a table, index, or cluster

ANALYZE

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