Glossary
- access point name
- A gateway between a mobile network and another computer network, such as the Internet. A mobile device making a data connection must be configured with an APN so that the mobile network can determine which IP address to assign and which security methods should be used. An APN identifies the network that the user wants to communicate with, and may also include the service requested by the user
- accounting
- The tracking of the user's consumption of resources for billing, auditing, and/or system planning
- application error
- An error in Diameter that occurs due to an issue with an application‐specified function, like a user authentication error
- application programming interface
- A clearly defined communication interface between two software components
- authentication
- The verification that a user who is requesting services is a valid user of the network services requested
- authorization
- The determination of whether requested services can be granted to a user who has presented an identity and credentials based on their authentication, service request, and system state
- Diameter node
- A software application that implements the Diameter protocol and is a participant in a Diameter session
- Diameter peers
- Two Diameter nodes that have a direct transport protocol connection between them
- DiameterIdentity
- An AVP data format for capturing either a realm, which helps determine whether a message can be handled locally or needs to be routed, or fully qualified domain name, which identifies a Diameter node. DiameterIdentity is the data format for the following common AVPs:
Destination‐Host,Destination‐Realm,Origin‐Host,Origin‐Realm - downstream
- This term identifies the direction a Diameter message travels from the Diameter client towards the server that will handle the request
- finite state machine
- A model of computer program behavior that can be in exactly one of a finite number of states at any given time. A specific event or trigger causes the state to transition to a new state
- head‐of‐line blocking
- A situation where transport protocol level retransmissions delay the delivery of all subsequent messages until the retransmitted message gets through
- home
- The administrative domain with which the user maintains an account relationship
- Home Subscriber Server
- A 3GPP network element that stores identity, authentication, and policy information about mobile subscribers
- Hop‐by‐Hop Identifiers
- Used between adjacent Diameter nodes to map answer messages to request messages
- IMSI
- international mobile subscriber identity, a concatenation of mobile network code (MNC), mobile country code (MCC) values, and mobile subscriber identification number (MSIN) that is unique to each subscriber in a mobile network
- Internet Engineering Task Force
- An international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers that develop open, voluntary Internet standards
- Mobility Management Entity
- A 3GPP network element that provides authentication, network security, and roaming capability to mobile devices
- network access server
- A generic term for the end user's entry point to a network. A NAS provides services on a per‐user basis, based on authentication, and ensures the service provided is accounted for
- network byte order
- The order in which bytes in a multi‐byte number are transmitted with the most significant byte first. Also known as “Big Endian”. Fields in a Diameter message are transmitted in this order
- peer control block
- A memory control structure that contains the transport connection state of a specific peer and is part of the peer state machine
- peer state machine
- A finite state machine that must be observed by all Diameter implementations and that keeps track of a peer's connection status
- peer table
- A data structure internal to a Diameter node that holds the information of adjacent remote Diameter peers with which the Diameter node has transport‐level connections established
- public key infrastructure
- A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates and manage public‐key encryption
- public land mobile network
- A network that is established and operated to provide mobile telecommunications services to the public
- realm
- An administrative domain
- remote access server
- A combination of hardware and software that allows access by authorized users to a network
- Request for Comments
- A document created by the IETF that has gone through the IETF's review and approval process. RFCs cover not only Internet standards, but also research discussions and best current practices
- session state
- State that allows a Diameter node to track all authorized, active sessions
- Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
- A 3GPP solution that provides voice call continuity for calls that are anchored in IMS when the UE is capable of transmitting/receiving on only one of either the packet‐switched or circuit‐switched access networks at a given time
- subscriber identity module
- A chip that securely stores a mobile phone's International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and authentication key
- transaction state
- The state maintained by a Diameter node in order to match answers with requests
- upstream
- The direction a Diameter message travels from the answering Diameter server towards the Diameter client
- VoLTE
- Voice over Long‐Term Evolution, a standard for high‐speed communication over the wireless network that no longer depends on the circuit‐switched network
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