1. “Factors that may impact the change of an existing constraint or may bring about a new constraint” is the definition of which one of the following?

1. A dependency
2. A predecessor
3. An influence
4. A constraint

2. The steering committee originally mandated that cost was the most important factor to the project, keeping the project team size lean. As the project drags on, the steering committee shifts and tells the project manager that schedule is the most important factor to the project. This is an example of which type of influence on a project?

1. Change request
2. Constraint reprioritization
3. Scope creep
4. Interactions between constraints

3. What does the acronym SWOT stand for?

1. Situation, weaknesses, open source, threats
2. Strengths, work, opportunities, traceability
3. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
4. Situation, work, open source, traceability

4. A potential future event that can have either a negative or positive impact on a project is known as which one of the following?

1. An issue
2. A risk
3. A hope
4. A requirement

5. As you identify all of the potential risks that might impact a project, you should record them in which one of the following?

1. RACI chart
2. Risk register
3. Risk probability matrix
4. Issue log

6. The activity of selecting risks that have the greatest chance of occurring and the biggest impact on the project should they occur is called which one of the following?

1. Three-point estimating
2. Pareto diagraming
3. Monitoring and Controlling
4. Risk analysis

7. The consequence or opportunity the risk poses to the project is known as which one of the following?

1. Risk response plan
2. Risk impact
3. Risk register
4. Risk probability

8. What are the three common constraints found in projects? (Choose three.)

1. Time
2. Personnel
3. Working space
4. Budget
5. Inventory
6. Scope​​

9. A road construction project is going to require the company’s road paver, a piece of equipment that lays asphalt on roadways, in the next two weeks. The road paver is in use until this Friday in a different city and will require five days to be relocated. This is an example of which type of constraint?

1. Environment
2. Scheduling
3. Scope
4. Quality

10. In the determination of the project scope, which of the following constraints need to be factored into the discussion? (Choose two.)

1. Project manager
2. Predefined budget
3. Mandated finish date
4. Competitive advantage

11. A project calls for six master craftspeople in a particular discipline, but the organization only has four on staff. The Human Resources department has attempted to hire more, but there is a limited number of these craftspeople looking for work. What type of constraint does this represent?

1. Resources
2. Scheduling
3. Requirements
4. Quality

12. Lisa is the project manager on a project and receives a change request to add more scope to her project while not changing the schedule or the budget. Which of the following options are true of the change request?

1. It represents an influence on the project.
2. It represents a constraint on the project.
3. It represents an avoidance strategy.
4. It represents an environmental constraint.

13. Which of the following roles should be included in the identification of risk on a project?

1. Subject matter experts (SME)
2. Core team members
3. Stakeholders
4. All of the above
5. Both B and C

14. The steering committee for Wigit Construction monitors existing projects and approves new ones. The company just won a bid for a new project that must be completed in April, which is the same month that an underway project must also be completed. The stakeholders are doing which of the following?

1. Reprioritizing constraints by shifting a previously unmovable constraint within a project
2. Submitting a change request because the scope changed for the existing project
3. Demonstrating scope creep for the existing project as there are more deliverables to accomplish
4. Exerting influence by losing interest in the existing project as a new project begins

15. At a minimum, which of the following types of information would be recorded on a risk register? (Choose three.)

1. Risk score
2. Risk trigger scores
3. Impact if the risk occurs
4. Risk owners
5. Description of risk
6. Mitigation strategy

16. A company is working on a project to produce a smartphone that will have similar features to a competitor’s product. After a marketing demo, the company receives correspondence from its rival demanding that sale of the smartphone be halted and not taken up again later, because it violates their intellectual property. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Memorandum of agreement
2. Cease and desist letter
3. Letter of intent
4. Request for proposal

17. If a project team wanted to enhance a positive risk, what are they trying to accomplish?

1. Assign the risk to a third party who is best able to bring about opportunity
2. Increase the probability or impact of the risk event to ensure that benefits are realized
3. Choose to accept the consequences of the risk
4. Look for opportunities to take advantage of positive impacts

18. Just allowing the consequences of a negative risk to happen is which type of risk response strategy?

1. Avoid
2. Transfer
3. Mitigate
4. Accept

19. What is the process of examining the risk analysis and establishing the appropriate course of action should it occur called?

1. Risk analysis
2. Risk probability
3. Risk response planning
4. Risk trigger

20. Which of the following is defined as the likelihood that a risk will occur?

1. Risk response plan
2. Probability and impact matrix
3. Risk register
4. Risk probability

21. In a SWOT analysis, opportunities generally look at which one of the following?

1. Positive news within the company that affects the project
2. External conditions that contribute to positive risks
3. Job openings on the project where hiring can occur
4. Long-term forecast of inclement weather during the project

22. Which of the following statements is true regarding a SWOT analysis?

1. Strengths/weaknesses are external to the organization; opportunities/threats are internal to the organization.
2. Strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats are all external to the organization.
3. Strengths/weaknesses are internal to the organization; opportunities/threats are external to the organization.
4. Strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats are all internal to the organization.

23. Which of the following techniques could be used to create an initial list of risks on a project? (Choose three.)

1. Parametric estimating
2. Brainstorming
3. Three-point estimating
4. Interviews
5. Fishbone diagrams
6. Facilitated workshops

24. What does IMS stand for in the project management sense?

1. Impulsive management system
2. Innovative mission statement
3. Iterative mapping system
4. Integrated master schedule

25. All of the following are true regarding influencers, EXCEPT

1. A change request is an influencer.
2. Scope creep can influence schedule and budget.
3. Environmental factors can dictate when a project occurs.
4. Influences impact existing constraints or create new ones.

26. A customer submits to have a different requirement added to a project, and it follows the formal approval process to be added to the scope. This is what type of influence on a project?

1. Change request
2. Scope creep
3. An iteration between constraints
4. Resource scarcity

27. A project team has been working for months on a project and is in the Execution phase. The customer discovers that a competitor has added new functionality to their product, and they would like to add that functionality to this project. To keep the project on time and on budget, this change cannot be accepted because of what type of constraint?

1. Environment
2. Budget
3. Scope
4. Scheduling

28. A road construction project is going to build a road through the mountains, and there is a window of June through September to get the work done because of the risk of inclement weather. This is an example of what type of constraint?

1. Environment
2. Budget
3. Scope
4. Scheduling

29. Every project faces all of the following potential constraints, EXCEPT

1. Quality
2. Budget
3. Scope
4. Staffing
5. Time

30. Cherie is working on a construction project where weather has the potential to disrupt operations. She determines there is a 0.25 percent probability of a wetter than normal season, which would have a high impact on the project. What activity is Cherie performing?

1. Risk identification
2. Risk analysis
3. Risk response
4. Constraint identification

31. Which of the following is true of project constraints?

1. Project constraints will never change during a project.
2. Project constraints limit the options of the project team.
3. Project constraints are elements assumed to be true.
4. Project constraints have no impact on project outcomes.

32. Walt works for Wigit Construction, and he has been assigned as a project manager to build a new bridge. The team has six months to build the project and a fixed budget, and the bridge must handle four lanes of traffic. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Three-point estimating
2. Cost of quality
3. Triple constraints
4. Progressive elaboration

33. Which of the following is a tool or technique used in identifying risks to a project?

1. RASI
2. SWOT
3. RACI
4. COQ

34. Wigitcom’s general counsel lets you know that it received a C&D, and there will need to be a meeting on the future of the project. In this context, what is a C&D?

1. Consequences and demands
2. Constraints and deliverables
3. Cease and demands
4. Cease and desist

35. What does it mean to share a positive risk?

1. Assign the risk to a third party who is best able to bring about opportunity.
2. Monitor the probability or impact of the risk event to ensure that benefits are realized.
3. Choose to accept the consequences of the risk.
4. Look for opportunities to take advantage of positive impacts.

36. The risk response strategy that focuses on shifting the liability for a negative risk to a third party is known as which one of the following?

1. Avoidance
2. Transference
3. Mitigation
4. Acceptance

37. When determining risk probability and impact, which tool typically offers the best results?

1. Expert judgment
2. Parametric estimating
3. Environmental factors
4. Project documentation

38. What tool would be used to prioritize and quantify risks so that the information is easy to understand and is visually informative?

1. Probability and impact matrix
2. Fishbone diagram
3. Histogram
4. Responsibility assignment matrix

39. What does the weaknesses portion analyze in a SWOT analysis?

1. The market share of the smallest competitor
2. Which elements are weakest for the company’s competitor
3. Which elements are weak areas within the company
4. Portfolio elements that bring a negative return

40. All of these are common potential risks to a project, EXCEPT

1. Teams not attending status meetings
2. Insufficient budget assigned to the project
3. Scope changes after the project execution begins
4. Legal ramifications resulting from the project

41. Risk planning includes all of the following activities, EXCEPT

1. Measuring the SPI and CPI
2. Analyzing the potential impacts of each risk
3. Identifying all potential risks to the project
4. Creating a response to each risk

42. What is a MOU?

1. Memorandum of understatement
2. Memorandum of usability
3. Memorandum of understanding
4. Memorandum of unacceptability

43. What does the acronym RACI stand for?

1. Responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed
2. Responsibility, authority, consult, and inform
3. Responsible, authority, consulted, and inform
4. Responsibility, accountable, consult, and informed

44. How do stakeholders, sponsors, and management exert influence on a project? (Choose all that apply.)

1. Shift the priorities of the project as it progresses
2. Lose interest in this project as newer projects begin
3. Don’t attend all meetings
4. Don’t work on project deliverables

45. The project scope statement mandates that a new product will be developed along with administrative documentation and a user manual in three languages, including English, Spanish, and French. What type of constraint does this represent?

1. Quality
2. Deliverables
3. Time
4. Budget

46. The launch of a new flagship hotel is coming down to the wire. The customer wants to add an additional welcome area to the hotel prior to the grand opening. Which of the following impacts would be true?

1. The scope of the project has changed but not the schedule, so costs will increase.
2. The schedule of the project has changed but not the costs, so the scope will change.
3. The costs of the project have changed but not the scope, so the schedule will change.
4. This change will not have a project impact due to contingencies.

47. An aircraft engineering company is forced to cut the project budget after poor financial results in the previous quarter. How would this most likely impact the project?

1. The project is postponed due to lack of financial resources.
2. The project scope is cut back to operate within the new budget.
3. The project will take longer because the number of resources is cut.
4. The project team goes to the steering committee for more funds.

48. A project is underway, and the team has missed several deliverable dates. The steering committee would like the project to stay on track, and the project manager indicates that the team will need to work overtime to make the deadline. The increased cost is restricted by which type of constraint?

1. Environment
2. Budget
3. Scope
4. Scheduling

49. A simple spreadsheet that contains an identification number, risk name, risk description, risk owner, and other elements is known as which one of the following?

1. Risk response plan
2. Probability and impact matrix
3. RACI chart
4. Risk register

50. George is working on both positive and negative elements that might affect a project. For each element, he is trying to figure out the chances of the element occurring and how that element would disrupt or enhance the project. George is using which one of the following?

1. Probability and impact matrix
2. Risk management plan
3. Risk register
4. Risk response plan

51. Which of the following would you need in the calculation of the risk score? (Choose two.)

1. SPI
2. Risk impact
3. CPI
4. Risk probability
5. Risk trigger scores
6. EAC

52. The project manager is looking for a way to determine the shortest duration in which the project can be completed. The project manager tells the scheduler to use CPM. What is CPM?

1. Cost production management
2. Critical project management
3. Critical path method
4. Cost project method

53. What is the event that detects that a known risk’s variable has changed and that it is time to move the item from the risk register to the issue log?

1. Risk response plan
2. Risk identification
3. Risk trigger
4. Probability and impact matrix

54. What does it mean to exploit a positive risk?

1. Assign the risk to a third party who is best able to bring about opportunity
2. Monitor the probability or impact of the risk event to ensure that benefits are realized
3. Choose to accept the consequences of the risk
4. Look for opportunities to take advantage of positive impacts, thereby ensuring it occurs

55. Attempting to ensure that a risk doesn’t happen at all, or eliminating the cause of a negative risk, is what type of risk response strategy?

1. Transfer
2. Mitigate
3. Accept
4. Avoid

56. In a SWOT analysis, threats are which one of the following?

1. Situations where physical security is needed
2. Internal conditions that would lead to negative impacts
3. Arguments that get out of hand, leading to raised voices
4. External conditions that would lead to negative impacts

57. The Transportation Exchange held a kickoff meeting where they explained the project goals and high-level timeline and performed project introductions. What phase of the project are they in?

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitor and Control
5. Closing

58. What is the activity of determining and documenting any potential risks that might happen on a project?

1. Risk planning
2. Risk mitigation
3. Risk avoidance
4. Risk identification

59. In the project management sense, what does ISO stand for?

1. International Standards Organization
2. Isomorphic Standards of Operations
3. International Structure of Operations
4. Intentional Standards Operations

60. What does the acronym RASI stand for?

1. Responsible, authority, superior, and inform
2. Responsibly, accountable, support, and informed
3. Responsible, accountable, superior, and inform
4. Responsibility, authority, support, and inform

61. The scope of a project is expanded through the formal change control process, causing the schedule to be extended beyond the original due date. This is an example of which type of influence?

1. Stakeholders, sponsors, and management
2. Interaction between constraints
3. Constraint reprioritization
4. Environmental factors

62. Even though the project scope statement has been approved, the customer has routinely asked for more features to be added to the product, causing the due date and resources to be adjusted consistently. This is an example of which type of influence?

1. Change request
2. Constraint reprioritization
3. Schedule constraint
4. Scope creep

63. Which of the following are examples of influences? (Choose three.)

1. Change request
2. Scope statement
3. Scope creep
4. Constraint reprioritization
5. Deliverables
6. Requirements

64. Which of the following is defined as anything that restricts or forces the actions of the project team?

1. A requirement
2. An assumption
3. A constraint
4. An influence

65. A wedding planner receives notice that the big event needs to be moved forward two weeks due to the pending military deployment of a member of the bridal party. How would this impact the project?

1. The wedding is called off because of the schedule change.
2. The wedding is moved to an indoor facility.
3. The wedding is moved to a different date in the future.
4. The wedding costs will be increased as people are added to meet the deadline.

66. A project wants to build a concrete highway in a region that experiences frequent snowstorms during winter months. The snow mitigation plan the city uses calls for putting down magnesium chloride to keep the streets from freezing. The problem with magnesium chloride is that it will eat away at the rebar underneath the concrete, shortening the total life of the highway. What type of constraint does this present to the project?

1. Scope
2. Budget
3. Environment
4. Scheduling

67. Walter is an ace programmer with unique skills that are needed on the project. His time is in high demand, and he is working on several projects. To keep your project on track, Walter needs to complete his work by the end of next month, but he also has his other project commitments. This is an example of which type of constraint?

1. Environment
2. Budget
3. Scope
4. Scheduling

68. What is a MOA?

1. Memorandum of allowance
2. Memorandum of agreement
3. Memorandum of allegiance
4. Memorandum of activity

69. Asking questions such as “Does a task have multiple dependencies?” or “Does the task utilize new or unfamiliar technology?” is a step in which process?

1. Quality assurance
2. Risk identification
3. Building the project charter
4. Building the project schedule

70. There is a section of the project management plan that contains elements of risk, including the project methodology, roles and responsibilities, stakeholder tolerances, and categories. What is this called?

1. Risk register
2. Risk matrix
3. Risk response plan
4. Risk management plan

71. In the project management context, what does COQ stand for?

1. Cost of quality
2. Critical to quality
3. Cost of quantities
4. Critical of quantities

72. In which phase of a project would you keep an eye on risks to see if any immediate action should be taken?

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitor and Control
5. Closing

73. All of the following are response strategies to positive risks, EXCEPT

1. Mitigate
2. Exploit
3. Share
4. Enhance

74. Nermit has been working on a chart that lists all the risks that have been identified on a project, along with a numerical score of the likelihood that the risk has of occurring and the score for how impactful the results of the risk occurring would be. What is Nermit creating?

1. Risk response plan
2. Risk register
3. Probability and impact matrix
4. RACI chart

75. All of the following are strategies to deal with negative risks, EXCEPT

1. Register
2. Avoid
3. Mitigate
4. Accept

76. What is resource smoothing?

1. Accommodating resource availability within activity float times
2. A schedule compression technique
3. An attempt to balance assignments to prevent overload
4. A method for loading heavy equipment

77. Wigitcom’s project to build a new processor has operated with budget being the most important constraint. Having just learned that their competitor is going to release a product that is 25 percent faster than the one Wigitcom is building, the governance board mandates that their processor be 33 percent faster than the original design. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Budget constraint
2. Schedule constraint
3. Scope constraint
4. Constraint reprioritization

78. What is the project artifact that breaks down resources by category and type?

1. Resource breakdown structure
2. Organizational breakdown structure
3. Equipment breakdown structure
4. Work breakdown structure

79. The marketing department has prepared a full marketing blitz to announce a new refrigerator that has been developed. Before they can go forward, they need photos of the finished unit and the ability to shoot some video. This is known as what type of dependency?

1. Internal
2. Discretionary
3. External
4. Mandatory

80. What are major accomplishments of the project or key events known as?

1. Milestones
2. Deliverables
3. Requirements
4. Risks

81. A road construction company has been asked to improve and widen a road along the coastline. Before taking on the project, they evaluate whether the stability and structure of the coastline could support the effort. What is this process known as?

1. Using expert judgment
2. Conducting a feasibility study
3. Performing a cost-benefit analysis
4. Using a weighted scoring model

82. With a forecast for a worse than average hurricane season, a construction company is aware that certain material costs could rise if a hurricane makes landfall. They begin daily monitoring of the National Weather Service, and start actively tracking any tropical storms as they form so they can quickly act to purchase materials in case a hurricane becomes a legitimate threat. What type of risk response strategy is this?

1. Mitigate
2. Transfer
3. Share
4. Enhance

83. In the creation of a work breakdown structure, the project managers ask to see the OBS as an input to creating the document. What is an OBS?

1. Office of business structure
2. Operational business support
3. Organizational breakdown structure
4. Office breakdown structure

84. A project manager is going to conduct a brainstorming exercise to get a list of potential risks on a project. She invites sponsors, core team members, stakeholders, and SMEs. What is an SME?

1. Service material extract
2. Service matter expert
3. Service material expert
4. Subject matter expert

85. What is the organization responsible for setting the best practices for project, program, and portfolio management?

1. CompTIA
2. PMI^®
3. RACI
4. DoD

86. Katie is a project manager whose last performance review just barely met the core standards of the organization. Which of the following choices would most accurately express Katie’s risk tolerance?

1. Risk avoider
2. Risk decider
3. Risk taker
4. Risk observer

87. What is an individual or organization’s comfort level with how likely they are to accept or avoid risk?

1. Risk register
2. Risk avoider
3. Risk taker
4. Risk tolerance

88. While a project to build a new computer processor chip is underway, a key stakeholder approaches the project team to double the processing speed from that which was originally requested. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Schedule constraint
2. Constraint reprioritization
3. Scope creep
4. Project requirements

89. What is a form of mathematical analysis used to shorten the project schedule duration while keeping the project scope the same?

1. PERT analysis
2. Schedule compression
3. Resource smoothing
4. Resource leveling

90. What is the critical chain method?

1. Schedule network analysis technique
2. Dependency model
3. Signature path for project charter approval
4. Earned value method

91. When estimating activity resources, a project manager looks to variations and other options to complete the work. What is this tool or technique called?

1. Parametric estimating
2. Bottom-up estimating
3. Alternative analysis
4. Fishbone diagraming

92. Process or procedure driven, or best practices techniques, are known as what type of dependency?

1. Internal
2. Discretionary
3. External
4. Mandatory

93. In preparation to begin a project, the project manager makes a list: (1) The customer will review delivery submissions within 48 hours, (2) the customer will make needed personnel available to the project, and (3) executive support will be given to the project. These are all examples of which one of the following?

1. Constraints
2. Objectives
3. Requirements
4. Assumptions

94. A project has fallen behind schedule, and the project manager has decided to run the next several activities in parallel instead of sequentially to help make up time. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Crashing
2. Risk avoidance
3. Fast tracking​
4. Critical path method

95. A software company is working on a revolutionary new mobile app when a new craze hits the market that utilizes geolocation services. The company has no internal expertise in this field, and it agrees to partner with another company where geolocation functionality is a core competency. What risk response strategy is being used?

1. Accept
2. Exploit
3. Share
4. Enhance

96. Ron in purchasing needs you to create an SOW prior to the releasing an RFP. What is does SOW stand for?

1. Service of workforce
2. Statement of work
3. Statement of workforce
4. Support of work

97. Beth has been charged with gathering information from suppliers to have them bid on specific products or services. What is the appropriate procurement vehicle for this activity?

1. RFI
2. Sole source
3. RFP
4. RFQ

98. What are vital system capabilities that must be satisfied in order for a system or project to meet its operational goals known as?

1. KPIs
2. RFPs
3. MOUs
4. KPPs

99. Karen is a superstar for a company who has had several stellar performance reviews in a row. Which choice would most accurately express Karen’s risk tolerance?

1. Risk avoider
2. Risk observer
3. Risk decider
4. Risk taker

100. What are two types of discretionary fund allocations that a project may be granted?

1. Top-down and bottom-up
2. Contingency and discretionary
3. Parametric and analogous
4. Contingency and management

101. What is resource leveling?

1. A storage technique for physical resources
2. A schedule compression technique
3. An attempt to balance assignments to prevent overload
4. A method for loading heavy equipment

102. Chuck is the project manager for a project, and he needs a specialized piece of heavy equipment so that he can get work scheduled. Which project artifact should Chuck look to when checking availability?

1. Project charter
2. Resource calendar
3. Project schedule
4. Project calendar

103. The situation where the project team is stuck on the last piece of work, which prevents the project from completing, is known as which one of the following?

1. Pareto diagram
2. The 95 percent phenomenon
3. IRR
4. The 80/20 rule

104. Wigit Construction is organized by projects where the project managers have ultimate authority over resources like personnel and equipment. What type of organization is Wigit Construction?

1. Projectized
2. Matrix
3. Functional
4. Agile

105. A road construction company is working on a project to widen 100 miles of road over a six-month period. They are determined to meet the deadline. To do so, they must complete a little over 3.5 miles a week. They start tracking and reporting against this target. What is this an example of?

1. COQ
2. KPP
3. ETC
4. KPI

106. A contractor needs to ensure that the subcontractor on the project fulfills the expectations of the customer and wants to create SLAs with the subcontractor. What is an SLA?

1. Service-level agreement
2. Statement logistical alignment
3. Support-level agreement
4. Service-level assignment

107. What is the measure of how well a company or project is doing at achieving key business objects as gauged through a specific value?

1. COQ
2. KPP
3. ETC
4. KPI

108. Alex is a project sponsor for a startup company. The company is dependent on massive growth to remain competitive in its market. Which choice would most accurately express Alex’s risk tolerance?

1. Risk observer
2. Risk avoider
3. Risk taker
4. Risk decider

109. When there are scarce resources to perform specific activities on a project, and the activities must be completed at certain times, which tool or technique would you use?

1. Fast tracking
2. Reverse resource allocation
3. Resource smoothing
4. Resource leveling

110. A software company is about to launch a revolutionary new technology. Before the product can launch, the company must wait for the approval of their patent to protect their intellectual property. This is an example of what type of dependency?

1. Internal
2. Discretionary
3. External
4. Mandatory

111. The project has been going for several months, and it is in the planning phase of the project. After another pass through the planning steps, the scope, risk register, and budget were just modified for the fourth time. This is an example of which type of dependency?

1. Internal
2. Discretionary
3. External
4. Mandatory

112. A project has fallen behind schedule, and the project manager has decided to have team members work ten hours of overtime each week instead of bringing in new team members. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Crashing
2. Risk avoidance
3. Fast tracking
4. Critical path method

113. Francis is working on a project and has an established risk plan setting the importance of each item. Unexpectedly, there is a natural disaster putting a strain on material availability for the construction project. Which risk activity now comes into play?

1. Identification
2. Review
3. Prioritization
4. Communication

114. Richard works for a mature organization in a stable industry that is dependent on slow, steady growth. Which choice would most accurately express Richard’s risk tolerance?

1. Risk observer
2. Risk avoider
3. Risk taker
4. Risk decider

115. What is the longest full path of any project known as?

1. Critical path
2. Total float
3. Delphi technique
4. Pareto analysis

116. The project has been going for several months, and it is in the planning phase. After another pass through the planning steps, the scope, risk register, and budget were modified for the fourth time. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Agile management
2. Feasibility study
3. Progressive elaboration
4. Project sprints

117. Wigit Construction won a bid to widen a stretch of highway on one of the most heavily traveled roads in the country. The proposal calls for Wigit Construction to work around the clock for four months to limit the inconvenience to the public. The weather forecast for the next four months calls for seasonal monsoons, but Wigit Construction has made the decision to move forward as planned. Which risk response strategy are they using?

1. Accept
2. Exploit
3. Share
4. Enhance

118. Mark submits a purchase requisition to his company’s procurement section. He must wait for a PO to be cut in order for the vendor to begin work. What is a PO?

1. Planned objective
2. Purchase office
3. Purchase order
4. Planned order

119. The practice of adding a percentage of time to a work package, or adding a percentage of money to a project for an emergency, is known as which one of the following?

1. Risk response plan
2. Delphi technique
3. Allowing risk strategy
4. Contingency reserves

120. Which of the following are risk response strategies? (Choose two.)

1. Avoidance
2. Assumptions
3. Acceptance
4. Analysis​
5. Actual cost

121. A construction company has been monitoring tropical storms because of the impact a hurricane that might make landfall would have on the project. A tropical storm has just formed, and forecasters are calling for it to make landfall in a populated part of the country. The company begins to buy extra inventory in lumber and other materials. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Risk register
2. Risk trigger
3. Risk taker
4. Risk tolerance

122. While working on a major software project, a company’s competitor becomes available for sale. The competitor has a core competency in the new functionality being added, and the base company moves quickly to try to merge the two companies. What type of risk response strategy are they using?

1. Accept
2. Exploit
3. Share
4. Enhance

123. When a company is interested in procuring a commodity or service, they conduct a bidding process where suppliers submit business proposals. What is this process known as?

1. RFI
2. Sole source
3. RFP
4. RFQ

124. Donna is working on procuring services for a project, but she is uncertain about what is available and what the capabilities of various suppliers are to meet this demand. What is the procurement vehicle that she should use?

1. RFI
2. Sole source
3. RFP
4. RFQ

125. Alex is a project sponsor for a startup company. The company is dependent on massive growth to remain competitive in its market. Which choice would most accurately express Alex’s risk tolerance?

1. Risk observer
2. Risk avoider
3. Risk taker
4. Risk decider

126. A project team is considering using a newly developed material on its project. There would be a considerable cost savings achieved by using this material, but the quality of the material is unknown. To prevent possible rework in the future, the project team chooses not to use this material. What risk response strategy is being used?

1. Avoid
2. Transfer
3. Mitigate
4. Accept

127. What is the approach of developing contingency reserves to deal with risks should they occur?

1. Transfer
2. Passive acceptance
3. Active acceptance
4. Exploit

128. The project team has done an in-depth root cause analysis as to why certain risks might happen. The impact of these risks would lead to positive outcomes. What type of strategy is this project employing?

1. Accept, negative risk strategy
2. Exploit, positive risk strategy
3. Enhance, positive risk strategy
4. Transfer, negative risk strategy

129. A project team has purchased materials from a third-party provider. To help ensure against defective material, they have entered into a contract ensuring a warranty for the durability of the goods. What type of risk strategy does this represent?

1. Avoid
2. Transfer
3. Mitigate
4. Accept

130. The process of determining what impact identified risks will have on project objectives and the probability that they will occur is called what?

1. Qualitative risk analysis
2. Identify risk
3. Quantitative risk analysis
4. Risk categorization

131. All of the following are information-gathering techniques used in project management, EXCEPT

1. Brainstorming
2. Delphi technique
3. Gantt chart
4. Root cause analysis

132. A highway construction company is responsible for building a bridge that will handle three million cars a year. What is the likely risk tolerance for the project?

1. Gambler
2. Risk taker
3. Moderate risk tolerance
4. Risk avoider

133. Which is the only risk response strategy that can be used for either a positive or negative risks?

1. Avoid
2. Transfer
3. Mitigate
4. Accept

134. What are the two forms of acceptance when considering risk response strategies?

1. Passive
2. Deliberate
3. Unintentional
4. Active

135. Wigit Construction has an opportunity to win additional work prior to the finish date of the current project. They decide to send their most experienced foreman and senior engineers to the current project to increase the likelihood that it will finish ahead of schedule, so the new project can be tackled. What type of risk strategy is this?

1. Accept, negative risk strategy
2. Exploit, positive risk strategy
3. Share, positive risk strategy
4. Transfer, negative risk strategy

136. What is the process of putting numerical probabilities to each risk and the impacts on project objectives?

1. Qualitative risk analysis
2. Identify risk
3. Quantitative risk analysis
4. Risk categorization

137. Who is responsible for high-level risk identification?

1. Project manager
2. Key stakeholders
3. Project team
4. Project champion

138. In which project phase would the brainstorming, evaluation, and impact of risk be assessed?

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitor and Control
5. Closing

139. A government agency sees the risk of public backlash to a new road-widening project through a part of the city. The project team elects to add activities for public comment and outreach to better educate the community on the project. What risk response strategy are they employing?

1. Transfer
2. Mitigate
3. Accept
4. Avoid

140. A construction company has its resources spread too thin across multiple projects. One project carries contractual penalties for not completing on time, but the burden is small enough so that it doesn’t warrant hiring more staff. What type of risk response strategy is this?

1. Accept, negative risk strategy
2. Exploit, positive risk strategy
3. Share, positive risk strategy
4. Transfer, negative risk strategy

141. Wigitcom has launched a new website that collects personally identifiable information. Accounting for what could be increased liability, they purchase insurance in case of a data breach. This is what type of risk strategy?

1. Avoid
2. Transfer
3. Mitigate
4. Accept

142. What is the activity that determines how soon potential risks might occur and determines responses for those risks?

1. Risk urgency assessment
2. Risk categorization
3. Risk data quality assessment
4. Impact and probability matrix

143. All of the following are examples of categories that might be included in a resource breakdown structure, EXCEPT

1. External
2. Project management
3. Organizational
4. Probability and impact​

144. In which project phase would a risk response plan be activated?

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitor and Control
5. Closing

145. A project is faced with a risk that the project team is unable to eliminate. It has a low probability of occurring and will not impact the project, so no additional action is taken. This is known as which one of the following?

1. Transfer
2. Passive acceptance
3. Active acceptance
4. Exploit

146. A government agency has hired a firm to perform work on its sewer system. As a part of the RFP, the agency requires the successful vendor to carry insurance for errors and omissions. What type of risk strategy is this?

1. Accept, negative risk strategy
2. Exploit, positive risk strategy
3. Share, positive risk strategy
4. Transfer, negative risk strategy

147. All of the following would be updates to the risk register following a qualitative risk analysis, EXCEPT

1. Causes of risks
2. Watch list of low-priority risks
3. Risks requiring near-term responses
4. Numerical evaluation of each risk

148. What is the activity that involves determining the usefulness of data gathered to evaluate risk?

1. Risk urgency assessment
2. Risk categorization
3. Risk data quality assessment
4. Impact and probability matrix

149. A startup in the technology industry would most likely have what type of risk tolerance?

1. Gambler
2. Risk taker
3. Moderate risk tolerance
4. Risk avoider

150. Progressively elaborating deliverables into differing levels of a WBS is known as which one of the following?

1. Producing a backlog
2. Progressive iteration
3. Rolling wave planning
4. Prioritizing tasks

151. Patrick works for a company and has been assigned to a project. It is clear that Patrick’s regular boss will be giving him his performance review, and she is routinely pulling him back to work on regular assignments. What type of structure is this project operating under? ​

1. Weak-matrix
2. Projectized
3. Strong-matrix
4. Functional

152. Wigitcom has just completed the prototype for a new application and has received user acceptance of the design. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Gate check
2. Milestone
3. Deliverable
4. Lessons learned

153. Trevor is the project manager over a civil engineering project, and one of the risks of the project was the potential for a sinkhole in the area where a road is supposed to be built. The project team reports that a sinkhole did in fact form in this area. Which two items are true about this event? (Choose two.)

1. The risk has now become an issue.
2. The project team accepted this risk.
3. The risk trigger has happened, calling for a response.
4. This needs to go through the change control process.

154. In which project phase would an issues log generally be developed?

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitor and Control
5. Closing

155. Gerry is a new project manager in a company, and he has been told that this project must go through checkpoints between phases of the project with a steering committee. What is the name for these checkpoints?

1. Lessons learned
2. SCRUM introspective
3. Governance gates
4. Kickoff meetings

156. All of the following are types of organizational structures, EXCEPT

1. Agile
2. Functional
3. Matrix
4. Projectized

157. At the conclusion of a defined work period, Yolanda got the project team together to figure out what went well, what didn’t go well, and what improvements could be made. What type of meeting was this?

1. SCRUM introspective
2. Product backlog
3. Daily SCRUM
4. Kickoff meeting

158. The Transportation Exchange project team is assembled and introductions are being performed. What stage of team development is this?

1. Storming
2. Norming
3. Performing
4. Forming

159. A meeting has just been conducted on a project where the expectations, goals, and objectives of the project have been explained, including the milestones and timelines of the project. Project sign-off is also likely to occur during this meeting. What type of meeting was this?

1. Lessons learned
2. Gate check
3. Status meeting
4. Kickoff meeting

160. Gayle, the project sponsor, has said that the transit project needs to have four working bus lines operating 18 hours a day when the project is complete. Gayle has given which one of the following?

1. Criteria for approval
2. Gate check
3. Deliverable
4. Lessons learned

161. Wigit Construction has been asked to erect a building that has two bathrooms, a conference room, and an open space for cubicles. Which of the following do the bathrooms, conference room, and open space all represent?

1. Deliverables
2. Constraints
3. Assumptions
4. Requirements

162. Lisa is a contract project manager assisting a government agency that is implementing companywide software. Lisa is operating the project with the belief that executive sponsorship will be strong on the project, and that all project team members will be free of other responsibilities. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Deliverables
2. Constraints
3. Assumptions
4. Requirements

163. A government agency has invited bids on a project that must be completed by the end of year, have a mobile application to interface the information, and be credit card compliant. These are all examples of which one of the following?

1. Deliverables
2. Constraints
3. Assumptions
4. Requirements

164. In which project phase would an action items list generally be developed?

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitor and Control
5. Closing

165. Sarah works for an agency and has recently been assigned to a project. She has been given assignments from both her functional manager and the project manager, but was directed to do the project work. What type of organizational structure is this agency using?

1. Balanced-matrix
2. Weak-matrix
3. Projectized
4. Strong-matrix

166. Only two senior engineers are available to work on a project, and one of them is already committed to work on another project until the middle of the next quarter. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Deliverables
2. Constraints
3. Assumptions
4. Requirements

167. Assessing the status of the budget, reviewing risks/issues logs, and measuring performance occurs in what project phase?

1. Initiation
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitor and Control
5. Closing

168. Kim is a project manager for a generational construction company. What type of project management methodology would be the best choice for Kim to use?

1. Agile
2. Waterfall
3. Informal
4. Adaptive

169. Stephanie is a project manager and has worked with the key stakeholders to get agreement on the project charter. At the kickoff meeting, she makes sure that all key stakeholders and sponsors sign the project charter. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Formal approval
2. CYA
3. Gate check
4. Lessons learned

170. A project team has agreed that limited rework is an element of success, and it targets the product to be 99 percent defect-free by the end of the project. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. KPP
2. MOU
3. KPI
4. RFP

171. Wigit Construction did not pass the customer’s inspection of a building, and the project team needs to tear out a wall and rebuild it. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Risk response plan
2. Cost of quality
3. Memorandum of understanding
4. Scope creep

172. Joey has been assigned a project where the deadline must be done before the start of the youth activities season, and there is a limited budget for the project. This is an example of what type of influence?

1. Scope creep
2. Interaction between constraints
3. Constraint reprioritization
4. Stakeholders opinions on the project

173. After risks have been identified, analyzed, and prioritized, and a response has been planned, what is the last risk activity to account for?

1. Quantification
2. Review
3. Response
4. Communication

174. What is the risk response strategy that attempts to minimize the impact or the probability of a negative risk?

1. Avoid
2. Transfer
3. Mitigate
4. Accept

175. Which parts of a SWOT analysis are focused on issues internal to the organization?

1. Strengths and threats
2. Opportunities and weaknesses
3. Opportunities and threats
4. Strengths and weaknesses

176. While working on a project, Valdene has been assigned to identify potential risks, assess the impact of these risks, and work on responses should those risks occur. On what activity is Valdene working?

1. Risk planning
2. Risk register
3. Risk identification
4. SWOT analysis

177. Measuring the spending to date, determining the burn rate, and accounting for purchases is known as which one of the following?

1. Expenditure reporting
2. Expenditure tracking
3. Cost accounting
4. ETC

178. A government agency has certain bureaucratic steps it must meet before it can move forward with payment to a vendor. What kind of dependency does this represent?

1. Discretionary
2. External
3. Internal
4. Optional

179. The project team on which Jenny is working has a detailed set of requirements the project must meet, but the company has limited resources to work on the project. What is the likely result of these two constraints?

1. The scope must be reduced.
2. The company must find more resources.
3. The scope and resources must be adjusted.
4. The time will expand to deal with scope and cost.

180. The Wigitcom project team is trying to determine what to do with certain negative risks that they have identified on the project. All of the following are strategies to deal with negative risks, EXCEPT

1. Exploit
2. Avoid
3. Transfer
4. Mitigate

181. Fred works for a bank where the industry generally protects the investments and life savings of its customers. The likely risk tolerance for the bank is which one of the following?

1. Very high
2. High
3. Low
4. Very low

182. What is a list of risks that includes the identification number, name, description, owner, and response plan?

1. Risk response plan
2. Issues list
3. Risk register
4. Activity log

183. Wigit Construction has completed the risk assessment and cost estimating activities. For certain risks, they have set aside money to cover the costs resulting from possible adverse effects on the project. What are these funds referred to as?

1. Contingency reserve
2. Ready reserve
3. Resource reserve
4. Management reserve

184. Two parties would like to enter into a non-legally binding agreement that outlines the good faith actions each will take. What type of vehicle is this?

1. MOA
2. C&D
3. MOU
4. RFP

185. Scott and his team of network engineers have been working through of list of risks and developing counter actions should those risks appear during the course of a project. They are working on which one of the following?

1. Risk register
2. Risk response plan
3. Probability and impact matrix
4. RACI chart

186. Which of the following best describes progressive elaboration?

1. An Agile technique where work sprints are used
2. The continuous modification and detailing of the project plan
3. Creating better, more detailed explanations for senior management
4. A phrase referring to the over-complication of a project

187. Wigitcom’s management team authorized and funded a project. In addition to the funds requested after the cost estimation, they set aside funds to handle any unforeseen circumstances should they arise. What are these funds known as?

1. Contingency reserve
2. Ready reserve
3. Resource reserve
4. Management reserve

188. Before a construction company can begin building a road over a mountain pass, they must wait for the spring thaw to occur so that they can get heavy machinery into the work location. This is known as what type of dependency?

1. Internal
2. Discretionary
3. External
4. Mandatory

189. In a briefing to the CEO, the project team explains that there is a risk that the company’s two biggest competitors might merge. The CEO asks about the likelihood that this will happen. What exactly is she asking for?

1. A probability and impact matrix
2. The risk impact
3. The risk probability
4. The risk register

190. Harry works for a research and development firm trying to create a revolutionary new product. The likely risk tolerance for the company is which one of the following?

1. Very high
2. High
3. Low
4. Very low

191. A project team failed to identify all of the stakeholders for a project, and a new stakeholder pointed out several requirements that are needed for the project to be useful. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Influencer
2. Constraints
3. SCRUM introspective
4. Risk trigger

192. Which parts of a SWOT analysis are focused on issues external to the organization?

1. Strengths and threats
2. Opportunities and weaknesses
3. Opportunities and threats
4. Strengths and weaknesses

193. Management for Wigit Construction is concerned with understanding what the negative or positive impacts potential future events might have on a project. What is the management team asking about?

1. Contingency planning
2. MOU
3. Risk
4. Issues

194. What is the creation of documents that details how money on the project has been spent, graphical representations of spend rate, and money remaining?

1. Expenditure reporting
2. Expenditure tracking
3. Cost accounting
4. ETC

195. What does the strengths portion analyze in a SWOT analysis?

1. What your customers/stakeholders view as your positive attributes
2. What you view as your competitor’s positive attributes
3. The combined skill sets of the project team
4. The market share the organization has with the product

196. When a project team is assigned to work solely on a project, it is an example of what type of resource?

1. Dedicated
2. Physical
3. Shared
4. Collocated

197. Tony is a project manager, and he gets the team together for a brainstorming activity. At the end of the meeting, they have a list of all of the items that need to be completed during the next work period. What type of meeting just occurred?

1. SCRUM introspective
2. Daily SCRUM
3. Product backlog
4. Delphi technique

198. The Transportation Exchange is a new ride-sharing service trying to break into the marketplace. Which of the following benefits would make sense for them to use an adaptive method of project management?

1. There is no value with small incremental improvements.
2. Processes are thoroughly defined.
3. The environment is rapidly changing.
4. Scope is easily identified and designed.

199. Fernando is a project employee whose employment will terminate at the end of the software development project. What vehicle would the company use to protect their intellectual property?

1. C&D
2. RFP
3. KPI
4. NDA

200. In the development of a project idea, a stakeholder writes down the purpose of the project, what it might cost, and what business value or benefits will be achieved. What is the document being created?

1. Project description
2. Business case
3. Deliverables
4. Project charter

201. A project manager has been asked to report on all expenditures to date on a project. What has the project manager been asked to provide?

1. Actual cost
2. Planned value
3. Earned value
4. Cost variance

202. All of the following are examples of deliverables, EXCEPT

1. Blueprints
2. Sign-off on the project charter
3. User documentation
4. The finished product

203. A software development company is considering using an Agile approach on a new project. They would use all of the following, EXCEPT

1. Gate checks
2. Burndown charts
3. Sprint planning
4. Continuous requirements gathering

204. To achieve a successful result on the project, Wigit Construction partners with another company to add project staff. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Collocation
2. Outsourcing
3. Layoffs
4. Insourcing

205. A project manager is having problems with one team member who is being insubordinate. The project manager approaches the team member and spells out how the behavior is inappropriate and how the team member will behave from now on. This is an example of which one of the following?

1. Forcing
2. Avoiding
3. Confronting
4. Smoothing