Index
A
accepting risks, 160
accommodating. See smoothing
acquisitions
business, 234
resources, 90
actions
items, 283
risks, 159
activities
charting, 256
predecessor, 207
risks
communication, 159
prioritization, 154
response planning, 154
reviewing, 155
scheduling, 70
baselines, 77
dependencies, 71
governance gates, 78
milestones, 71
predecessors, 71
resource allocation, 76
sequencing/prioritizing tasks, 72
successor, 207
ad hoc resource allocation, 40
adaptive planning, 111
adjourning (team building), 90
agendas (meetings), 284
Agile definition, 107
Agile development
adaptive planning, 111
backlogs, 114
incremental processes, 111-112
predictive planning, 111
requirements gathering, 112
continuous feedback, 115
masters, 113
product owners, 113
retrospectives, 119
sprint planning, 114
self-organized/self-directed teams, 120
story mapping, 113
user stories, 112
Agile manifesto, 107
agreements
cease-and-desist letters, 300
LOIs, 300
POs, 301
SOW, 301
warranties, 302
allocating resources, 76, 99-100
appetite (risks), 147
approval authority (change requests), 78, 222
archiving documents, 19
assessing risks, 159
assumptions, 12
attributes (resources), 100
audits
benefits, 199
communicating results, 199-200
risks, 161
B
backlogs, 114
backward pass, 75
balanced matrix team structures, 38
balanced score cards (BSCs), 262-263
baselines
project management plans, 277
behavioral constraints, 183
benched resources, 101
brainstorming, 153
breakdown structure (resources), 77
BSCs (balanced score cards), 262-263
budgets
AC, 52
change requests, 57
EVs, 52
expenditure tracking/reporting, 50-51
Monitoring and Controlling phase, 18
Planning phase, 15
risks, 152
advantages, 119
inconsistent work, 118
push at end of sprint, 117
slow pace, 116
typical mistakes, 118
burndown dashboards, 257
businesses
acquisitions, 234
cases, 12
mergers, 234
process changes, 235
C
calculating costs
AC, 52
change requests, 57
EVs, 52
reserve analysis, 57
calendar (resource), 77
categories (risks), 152
cause-and-effect diagrams, 251
causes (risks), 147
cautious personalities, 188
CCB (change control board), 203, 219
cease-and-desist letters, 300
change control board (CCB), 203, 219
change control process, 17
approval authority, 222
budget, 205
change logs, 201
cost performance analysis, 57
information required, 220
issues, compared, 279
template, 220
types, 220
communication, 224
constraints, 129
defined, 219
documents, updating, 223
impact evaluation, 222
implementing changes, 223
justification, 222
management plan, 15
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
organizational changes, 233
business demergers/splits, 234-235
business mergers/acquisitions, 234
business process changes, 235
internal reorganizations, 235
outsourcing, 236
relocation, 236
project changes, 224
budget, 227
emergency, 233
requirements, 229
risk events, 228
scope, 231
stakeholders, 232
quality, 223
regression plans, 222
schedules, 203
stakeholders, 204
validation, 223
characteristics (projects), 8-9
advantages, 119
inconsistent work, 118
push at end of sprint, 117
slow pace, 116
typical mistakes, 118
Gantt, 256
histograms, 250
organizational, 280
closed status (risks), 159
Closing phase, 18
contracts, 19
documents, archiving, 19
lessons learned, 19
project sign-off, 18
releasing resources, 19
transition/integration plan, 18
closure meetings, 175
collaboration
tools, 259
negotiation, 97
change control process, 224
email, 176
face-to-face, 178
faxes, 176
influences, 180
criticality levels, 186
interorganizational differences, 184
intraorganizational differences, 184
language barriers, 180
message content, 186
personal preferences, 184
rapport, 185
stakeholder requirements, 186-188
management, 21
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
mediums, 169
meetings, 173
closure, 175
impromptu, 175
in-person, 174
scheduled, 175
virtual, 174
methods, 169
noise, 169
versus management plan, 200
target audience, 201
potential channels, 170
printed media, 179
risk, 159
sender/receiver, 169
social media, 179
technologies, 170
triggers, 195
budget changes, 205
incident responses, 208
milestones, 206
risk register updates, 206
schedule changes, 203
stakeholder changes, 204
task initiation/completion, 207
types, 169
video/voice conferencing, 176
competing (conflict resolution), 94
competitive negotiation, 97
completing tasks, 207
compromising (conflict resolution), 95
configuration management plans
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
conflict resolution (teams), 94
compromising, 95
forcing, 94
smoothing, 94
confronting (conflict resolution), 95-96
constraints
behavioral, 183
changing, 129
deliverables, 132
emotional, 183
establishing, 129
reprioritization, 138
schedule, 131
scope, 131
time, 131
triple, 129
change requests, 137
constraint reprioritization, 139
management influences, 140
scope creep, 137
sponsor influences, 140
stakeholder influences, 140
contention (resources), 101
contingency reserves, 57
continuous feedback, 115
contracts
closing, 19
SLAs, 301
controlling PMOs, 36
coordinators, 34
corporate environment, 133
correlations between variables (scatter charts), 253
cost overview dashboards, 257
costs
baselines, 50
project management plans, 277
target audience, 201
change requests, 57
control calculations
AC, 52
EVs, 52
reserve analysis, 57
expenditure tracking/reporting, 50-51
management plan, 21
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
OPCs, 50
performance index (CPI), 52, 261
plus award fee (CPAF) contracts, 298
plus fixed fee (CPFF) contracts, 298
plus incentive fee (CPIF) contracts, 298
processes, managing, 261
report, 51
reserves, 130
TEC, 50
total project, 50
CPAF (cost plus award fee) contracts, 298
CPFF (cost plus fixed fee) contracts, 298
CPI (cost performance index), 52, 261
CPIF (cost plus incentive fee) contracts, 298
critical paths, calculating, 72-76
criticality levels, 186
crossed deadlines, 261
cultural differences (communication), 183-184
Customer section (BSC), 262
D
data
gathering, 250
trends, 252
databases, 259
day-to-day operations, 7
dedicated resources, 99
deliverables
constraint, 132
defined, 16
Delphi technique, 153
dependencies
interproject, 101
task, scheduling, 71
detailed risks, 14
fishbone, 251
procurements example, 248
software, 250
symbols, 248
risks, 153
directing, 94
directive PMOs, 36
DISC (Dominant, Influence, Steadiness, Cautious) method, 188
distributing resources, 250
documentation
archiving, 19
printed media, 179
projects
action items, 283
charters, 277
communication plans, 281
dashboards, 282
meeting agendas, 284
organizational charts, 280
project management plans, 277-278
schedule, 281
scope statements, 281
status reports, 282
updating, 223
vendor
cease-and-desist letters, 300
LOIs, 300
mutually binding documents, 297
POs, 301
SLAs, 301
SOW, 301
warranties, 302
DoD (U.S. Department of Defense), 260
Dominant, Influence, Steadiness, Cautious (DISC) method, 188
dominant personalities, 188
durations (tasks), scheduling, 71
E
EAC (estimate at completion), 54
earned value management (EVM), 52-54
email, 176
emergency changes, 233
emotional constraints, 183
enhancement (risks), 162
environment
corporate, 133
global, 133
project, 134
estimate at completion (EAC), 54
ETC (estimate to complete), 55
EVM (earned value management), 52-54
exam preparations
exam preparation tasks, 308
examples, reviewing, 309
memory tables appendixes, 309
Pearson Test Prep, 309
vocabulary differences, 307
Executing phase, 16
expenditure tracking/reporting, 50-51
exploitation (risks), 162
external communication, 169
external factors, 263
F
face-to-face communication, 178
far-term timeline, 159
faxes, 176
feedback, 115
FF (finish-to-finish) activity, 207
FFP (firm fixed price) contracts, 297
Financial section (BSC), 262
finish dates
projects, 8
tasks, 71
finish-to-start (FS) activity, 207
fishbone diagrams, 251
fixed price incentive fee (FPIF) contracts, 297
fixed price with economic price adjustment (FP-EPA) contracts, 298
float, 74
procurements example, 248
software, 250
symbols, 248
forcing (conflict resolution), 94
formal communication, 169
forming teams, 89
forward pass, 74
FP-EPA (fixed price with economic price adjustment) contracts, 298
FPIF (fixed price incentive fee) contracts, 297
FS (finish-to-start) activity, 207
functional team structures, 37
G
Gantt charts, 256
gates
governance, 78
geographical factors (communication), 181-182
global environment, 133
governance
gates, 78
quality control, 17
graphic display tools
fishbone diagrams, 251
Gantt charts, 256
histograms, 250
graphs. See charts
groupthink, 93
H
high-level risks, 12
high-level scope definition, 12
histograms, 250
horizontal communication, 170
human resource management, 21
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
I
identifying
problems (diagrams), 251
impact evaluation (change requests), 222
implementing changes, 223
impromptu meetings, 175
incidents. See issues
incremental processes, 111-112
influencer personalities, 188
influences
common, 136
communication, 180
criticality levels, 186
interorganizational differences, 184
intraorganizational differences, 184
language barriers, 180
message content, 186
personal preferences, 184
rapport, 185
stakeholder requirements, 186-188
constraint reprioritization, 138
defined, 136
interaction between constraints, 139-140
management, 140
sponsors, 140
stakeholders, 140
informal communication, 169
information-gathering techniques, 153
Initiating phase, 11
business cases, 12
high-level risks, 12
high-level scope definition, 12
project charter, 11
stakeholder register, 12
initiating tasks, 207
in-person meetings, 174
intangible outcomes, 8
integration
projects, 20
teams, 18
interactive communication, 169
internal communication, 169
Internal Process section (BSC), 262
internal reorganizations, 235
Internet sites. See websites
interorganizational differences (communication), 184
interproject dependencies (resources), 101
interviewing, 153
intranet sites, 258
intraorganizational differences (communication), 184
Ishikawa diagrams, 251
issues, 208
action items, compared, 283
change requests, compared, 279
risks, compared, 279
J – K
justification (changes), 222
key performance indicators (KPIs), 260-262
key performance parameters (KPPs), 260-262
communication management, 21
cost management, 21
human resource management, 21
procurement management, 22
project integration, 20
quality management, 21
risk management, 22
scope management, 20
stakeholder management, 22
time management, 20
knowledge management tools, 257
collaboration tools, 259
Internet sites, 258
intranet sites, 258
vendor knowledge bases, 259
KPIs (key performance indicators), 260-262
KPPs (key performance parameters), 260-262
L
language barriers (communication), 180
Learning and Growth section (BSC), 263
lessons learned documents, 19
leveling resources, 77
logs
change logs, 201
LOI (letter of intent), 294, 300
lose-lose solutions, 95
low-quality resources, 100-101
M
management
influences, 140
issues, 208
knowledge management tools, 257
collaboration tools, 259
Internet sites, 258
intranet sites, 258
vendor knowledge bases, 259
personnel, 89
remote versus in-house teams, 91
removing/replacing members, 92
reserves, 57
resources, 98
benched, 101
contention, 101
dedicated, 99
interproject dependencies, 101
overallocation, 100
shared, 98
shortages, 100
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
managers (project), 33
masters (scrum), 113
material resources, 230
medium-term timeline, 159
mediums (communication), 169
meetings
agendas, 284
closure, 175
communication, 173
closure, 175
impromptu, 175
in-person, 174
scheduled, 175
virtual, 174
impromptu, 175
in-person, 174
minutes, 284
scheduled, 175
virtual, 174
memorandum of understanding (MOU), 294, 300
memory tables appendixes, 309
mergers (business), 234
messaging
content, 186
Microsoft Excel charts, 248
milestones, 71
communication, 206
missed, 261
minutes (meetings), 284
missed milestones, 261
mitigating risks, 161
Monitoring and Controlling phase, 16
budgets, 18
change control, 17
performance measuring and reporting, 17
quality assurance/governance, 17
MOU (memorandum of understanding), 294, 300
moved to issue status (risks), 159
mutually binding documents, 297
cease-and-desist letters, 300
LOIs, 300
POs, 301
SLAs, 301
SOW, 301
warranties, 302
N
NDAs (non-disclosure agreements), 294, 299-300
near-term timeline, 159
negative risks. See threats
negotiating
resources, 90
noise (communication), 169
nonverbal communication, 170
norming (team building), 90
O
official communication, 170
OPCs (other project costs), 50
open status (risks), 159
opportunities, 147
enhancement, 162
exploitation, 162
responses, 160
sharing, 162
oral communication, 170
organizational changes, 233
business demergers/splits, 234-235
business mergers/acquisitions, 234
business process changes, 235
internal reorganizations, 235
outsourcing, 236
relocation, 236
organizational charts, 280
other project costs (OPCs), 50
outcomes (projects), 8
outsourcing, 236
overallocating resources, 100
overdue tasks, 261
P
paths, 72
Pearson Test Prep, 309
percentage of canceled projects, 261
percentage of projects completed on time, 261
percentage of tasks completed, 261
performance measurement tools, 17, 260
performing (team building), 90
personal preferences (communication), 184
personalities (stakeholder behavioral styles), 188
personnel management, 89
conflict resolution, 94
compromising, 95
forcing, 94
smoothing, 94
organizational charts, 280
outsourcing, 236
resources, 230
stakeholders. See stakeholders
teams
remote versus in-house teams, 91
removing/replacing members, 92
virtual, 91
Closing, 18
contracts, 19
documents, archiving, 19
lessons learned, 19
project sign-off, 18
releasing resources, 19
transition/integration plan, 18
Executing, 16
Initiating, 11
business cases, 12
high-level risks, 12
high-level scope definition, 12
project charter, 11
stakeholder register, 12
Monitoring and Controlling, 16
budgets, 18
change control, 17
performance measuring and reporting, 17
quality assurance/governance, 17
budgets, 15
change management plan, 15
communication plan, 15
detailed risks, 14
procurement management plan, 15
requirements, 14
resources, 14
schedule, 13
stakeholder management plan, 15
WBS, 14
planning
risk response, 154
budgets, 15
change management plan, 15
communication plan, 15
detailed risks, 14
procurement management plan, 15
requirements, 14
resources, 14
schedule, 13
stakeholder management plan, 15
WBS, 14
PMOs (project management offices), 36
POs (purchase orders), 294, 301
positive risks. See opportunities
potential communication channels, 170
preassigned resources, 90
predecessors
activities, 207
task, scheduling, 71
predictive planning, 111
printed media, 179
prioritization
constraints, 138
risks, 154
tasks, 72
problems
identifying with fishbone diagrams, 251
procurements example, 248
software, 250
symbols, 248
processes
groups. See phases
managing costs, 261
procurements
defined, 291
documentation
cease-and-desist letters, 300
LOIs, 300
mutually binding documents, 297
POs, 301
SLAs, 301
SOW, 301
warranties, 302
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
process diagram example, 248
vendors, 294
product owners, 113
programs
defined, 9
portfolio relationship, 10
project management offices (PMOs), 36
project overview dashboards, 257
projectized team structures, 40
projects
defined, 7
environment, 134
influencing other projects, 140-141
integration, 20
outcomes, 8
Executing, 16
Monitoring and Controlling, 16-18
purpose, 9
quality, 21
requirements, 14
scheduling software, 247
sign-off, 18
start/finish dates, 8
temporary nature, 8
time management, 20
unique, 8
pull communication, 169
purchase orders (POs), 294, 301
purpose (projects), 9
push communication, 169
Q
qualitative risk analysis, 153
quality
assurance/governance, 17
histograms, 250
management, 21
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
tools, 251
quantification (risks), 153-154
R
RACI (responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed) matrix, 265-266
rapport (communication), 185
receiver (communication), 169
assessment information, 159
basic notes, 158
response details, 159
template, 155
updates, communicating, 206
regression plans (change requests), 222
relationships
influences on communication, 185
tasks, 207
releasing resources, 19
relocations (business), 236
reorganizations, 235
reports
dashboards, 257
performance, 17
risks, 152
stakeholder communication requirements, 187
status, 282
reprioritizing constraints, 138
request for information (RFI), 294
request for proposal (RFP), 294
request for quote (RFQ), 294
requirements
changes, 229
gathering, 112
management plan, 15
project management plans, 277
target audience, 201
Planning phase documentation, 14
stakeholder communication, 186
communication styles, 188
frequency, 186
level of report detail, 187
types of communication, 187
story mapping, 113
reserves
analysis, 57
contingency, 57
management, 57
resources
acquired, 90
ad hoc allocation, 40
attributes, 100
benched, 101
breakdown structure, 77
contention, 101
dedicated, 99
distribution, 250
governance gates, 78
interproject dependencies, 101
leveling, 77
material, 230
negotiated, 90
overallocation, 100
Planning phase, 14
preassigned, 90
releasing, 19
shared, 98
shortages, 100
smoothing, 77
utilization, 261
responses
issues, 208
risks, 160
acceptance, 160
avoidance, 161
enhancement, 162
exploitation, 162
mitigation, 161
planning, 154
sharing, 162
transference, 161
responsibilities
coordinators, 34
PMO, 36
product owners, 113
project managers, 33
risk management, 152
schedulers, 35
sponsors, 33
stakeholders, 34
teams, 35
responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed (RACI) matrix, 265
retrospectives (scrum), 119
return on investment (ROI), 261
reviews
risks, 155
RFI (request for information), 294-295
RFP (request for proposal), 294-296
RFQ (request for quote), 294-297
actions, 159
appetite, 147
budget, 152
categories, 152
causes, 147
communication, 159
descriptions, 158
detailed, 14
events, 228
high-level, 12
issues, compared, 279
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
negative. See threats
numbers, 158
positive. See opportunities
prioritization, 154
assessment information, 159
basic notes, 158
response details, 159
template, 155
updates, communicating, 206
reporting, 152
response planning, 154
reviewing, 155
stakeholder tolerances, 152
status, 159
strategies, 160
acceptance, 160
avoidance, 161
defined, 147
enhancement, 162
exploitation, 162
mitigation, 161
responses, 160
sharing, 162
transference, 161
team roles/responsibilities, 152
timeline, 159
tolerance, 147
tracking, 152
triggers, 155
ROI (return on investment), 261
roles
coordinators, 34
PMO, 36
product owners, 113
project managers, 33
risk management, 152
schedulers, 35
sponsors, 33
stakeholders, 34
teams, 35
roll wave planning, 69
root-cause analysis, 153
S
SANs (storage area networks), 298
schedule performance index (SPI), 52, 261
scheduled meetings, 175
schedulers, 35
schedules
baselines, 77
project management plans, 277
target audience, 201
constraints, 131
creating, 70
baselines, 77
governance gates, 78
milestones, 71
predecessors/dependencies, 71
resource allocation, 76
sequencing/prioritizing tasks, 72
task durations, 71
tasks, 70
documentation, 281
management plan
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
Planning phase, 13
project scheduling software, 247
scope
baselines, 14
project management plans, 277
target audience, 201
changes, 231
constraints, 131
management, 20
Planning phase, 13
project management plans, 277
target audience, 201
advantages, 119
blue lines, 116
inconsistent work, 118
push at end of sprint, 117
slow pace, 116
sprint commitments not being met, 117
typical mistakes, 118
continuous feedback, 115
masters, 113
product owners, 113
retrospectives, 119
sprint planning, 114
security (technology), 182
self-directed teams, 120
self-organized teams, 120
sender (communication), 169
sequencing tasks, 72
service-level agreements (SLAs), 294
SF (start-to-finish) activity, 207
sharing
resources, 98
risks, 162
shortages (resources), 100
sign-offs, 18
SLAs (service-level agreements), 294, 301
slack, 74
conflict resolution, 94
resources, 77
social media, 179
chart making, 248
collaboration tools, 260
dashboards, 257
fishbone diagrams, 251
process diagrams, 250
SOW (statement of work), 294, 301
SPI (schedule performance index), 52, 261
spreadsheet applications, 248
sprints
defined, 113
planning, 114
tracking, 119
SS (start-to-start) activity, 207
stakeholders, 34
behavioral styles, 188
influences, 140
influences on communication, 186-188
project management plans, 278
target audience, 201
register, 12
risk tolerance, 152
user stories, 112
start dates
projects, 8
tasks, 71
start-to-finish (SF) activity, 207
start-to-start (SS) activity, 207
statement of work (SOW), 294, 301
status (risks), 159
status reports, 282
steadiness personalities, 188
storage area networks (SANs), 298
storming (team building), 90
story mapping, 113
strategies (risks), 160
acceptance, 160
avoidance, 161
defined, 147
enhancement, 162
exploitation, 162
mitigation, 161
responses, 160
sharing, 162
transference, 161
strengths analysis, 263
strong matrix team structures, 39
structures (teams), 36
functional, 37
influences on projects, 36
projectized, 40
successor activities, 207
supportive PMOs, 36
SV (schedule variance), 52, 261
SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, 263-264
T
T&M (time and materials) contracts, 299
tangible outcomes, 8
target audiences (plans), 201
tasks
charting, 256
completion, 207
dependencies, 71
determining, 70
durations, scheduling, 71
initiation, 207
lists, 70
overdue, 261
percentage completed, 261
predecessors, 71
relationships, 207
sequencing/prioritizing, 72
TCPI (To-Complete Performance Index), 56-57
teams
communication. See communication
conflict resolution, 94
compromising, 95
forcing, 94
smoothing, 94
human resource management, 21
rapport, 185
remote versus in-house, 91
removing/replacing members, 92
responsibilities, 35
self-organized/self-directed, 120
structures, 36
functional, 37
influences on projects, 36
projectized, 40
transition/integration plan, 18
virtual, 91
TEC (total estimated costs), 50
technologies
communication, 170
influences on communication, 182-183
project scheduling software, 247
security, 182
templates
change requests, 220
RACI matrix, 265
risk register, 155
temporary projects, 8
threats, 14, 154. See also risks
avoiding, 161
mitigation, 161
responses, 160
transference, 161
timelines (risks), 159
To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI), 56-57
tolerance (risks), 147
tools
fishbone diagrams, 251
Gantt charts, 256
histograms, 250
organizational charts, 280
dashboards, 257
knowledge management, 257
collaboration tools, 259
Internet sites, 258
intranet sites, 258
vendor knowledge bases, 259
performance measurement, 260
project scheduling software, 247
total estimated costs (TEC), 50
total project costs, 50
tracking
risks, 152
sprints (burndown charts), 115-119
transference (risks), 161
transitioning project teams, 18
triggers
communication, 195
budget changes, 205
incident responses, 208
milestones, 206
risk register updates, 206
schedule changes, 203
stakeholder changes, 204
task initiation/completion, 207
risks, 155
triple constraints, 129
change requests, 137
constraint reprioritization, 139
management influences, 140
scope creep, 137
sponsor influences, 140
stakeholder influences, 140
Tuckman ladder, 89
types
changes
requests, 220
communication, 169
procurement contracts, 297
U
unofficial communication, 170
updates
documentation, 223
risk register, 206
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), 260
user stories, 112
V
validating changes, 223
variable correlations (scatter charts), 253
vendors
defined, 294
documentation
mutually binding. See mutually binding documents
knowledge bases, 259
verbal communication, 170
vertical communication, 169
video conferencing, 176
virtual meetings, 174
virtual teams, 91
vocabulary differences, 307
voice conferencing, 176
W & Z
warranties, 302
WBS (work breakdown structure), 50, 67, 70
activities, scheduling, 70
baselines, 77
governance gates, 78
milestones, 71
predecessors/dependencies, 71
resource allocation, 76
sequencing/prioritizing tasks, 72
example, 67
expenditure tracking, 51
Planning phase, 14
work packages, 67
weak matrix team structures, 38
Agile manifesto, 107
as knowledge management tools, 258
win-win solutions, 94
withdrawing. See avoidance
work breakdown structure. See WBS
work overview dashboards, 257
work packages, 67
written communication, 170