Table B.1

Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Substances

R=, gas constant (J/kg K); TPT, triple point temperature (K); TPP, triple point pressure (bar); ΔH_fus=, fusion heat at triple point (kJ/kg); NBP, normal boiling point (K); ΔH_boil=, boiling enthalpy at normal boiling point; P, pressure (bar); T, temperature (K); v, specific volume (m³/kg); Z, compressibility factor; subscript “c”, critical point; ω, accentric factor; a, b, constants in Peng-Robinson equation of state.

Table B.2

Properties of Air at Atmospheric Pressure

T, temperature; ρ, density; μ, dynamic viscosity; c_p, specific heat; k,thermal conductivity; Pr, Prandtl number; β, volume expansion coefficient; c, sound speed; γ,adiabatic expansion coefficient; ω = − 0.009278,accentric factor. Critical parameters: T_c = 132.531 K, P_c = 37.86 bar, v_c = 2.917 dm³/kg.

Table B.3

Thermophysical Properties of Pure Water at Atmospheric Pressure

T, temperature; ρ, density; μ,dynamic viscosity; c_p, specific heat; k, thermal conductivity; Pr, Prandtl number; β, volume expansion coefficient; c, sound speed; σ, superficial tension; ω = 0.3443, accentric factor. Critical parameters: T_c = 373.984 °C, P_c = 220.64 bar, v_c = 3.106 dm³/kg. Triple point parameters: T_t = 0.01 °C, P_t = 611.732 Pa.

Table B.4

Thermophysical Properties of Water at Saturation

T, temperature (°C); P, pressure (bar); σ=, surface tension (mN/m); ρ, density (kg/m³); c_p, specific heat (kJ/kg K); k, thermal conductivity (mW/m K); μ, dynamic viscosity (μPa s); Pr, Prandtl number; β, volumetric expansion coefficient (mK^− 1); v, specific volume (m³/kg); γ, isentropic expansion coefficient of saturated vapor; indices: L, liquid; V, vapor.

Table B.5

Thermophysical Properties of Hydrogen at Saturation

T, temperature (K); P, pressure (bar); σ, surface tension (mN/m); ρ, density (kg/m³); c_p, specific heat (kJ/kg K); k, thermal conductivity (mW/m K); μ, dynamic viscosity (μPa s); Pr, Prandtl number; β, volumetric expansion coefficient (mK^− 1); v, specific volume (m³/kg); γ, isentropic expansion coefficient of saturated vapor; indices: L, liquid; V, vapor.

Table B.6

Thermophysical Properties of Oxygen at Saturation

T, temperature (K); P, pressure (bar); σ, surface tension (mN/m); ρ, density (kg/m³); c_p, specific heat (kJ/kg K); k, thermal conductivity (mW/m K); μ, dynamic viscosity (μPa s); Pr, Prandtl number; β, volumetric expansion coefficient (mK^− 1); v, specific volume (m³/kg); γ, isentropic expansion coefficient of saturated vapor; indices: L, liquid; V, vapor.

Table B.7

Thermophysical Properties of Nitrogen at Saturation

T, temperature (K); P, pressure (bar); σ, surface tension (mN/m); ρ, density (kg/m³); c_p, specific heat (kJ/kg K); k, thermal conductivity (mW/m K); μ, dynamic viscosity (μPa s); Pr, Prandtl number; β, volumetric expansion coefficient (mK^− 1); v, specific volume (m³/kg); γ, isentropic expansion coefficient of saturated vapor; indices: L, liquid; V, vapor.

Table B.8

Thermophysical Properties of Carbon Dioxide at Saturation

T, temperature (°C); P, pressure (bar); σ, surface tension (mN/m); ρ, density (kg/m³); c_p, specific heat (kJ/kg K); k, thermal conductivity (mW/m K); μ, dynamic viscosity (μPa s); Pr, Prandtl number; β, volumetric expansion coefficient (mK^− 1); v, specific volume (m³/kg); γ, isentropic expansion coefficient of saturated vapor; indices: L, liquid; V, vapor.

Table B.9

Thermophysical Properties of Ammonia at Saturation

T, temperature (°C); P, pressure (bar); σ, surface tension (mN/m); ρ, density (kg/m³); c_p, specific heat (kJ/kg K); k, thermal conductivity (mW/m K); μ, dynamic viscosity (μPa s); Pr, Prandtl number; β, volumetric expansion coefficient (mK^− 1); v, specific volume (m³/kg); γ, isentropic expansion coefficient of saturated vapor; indices: L, liquid; V, vapor.

Table B.10

Standard Chemical Exergy of Some Elements

Source: Rivero R., Garfias M., Standard chemical exergy of elements updated. Energy 31:3310-3326.

Table B.11

Formation Enthalpy, Entropy, Gibbs Energy, and Chemical Exergy of Some Substances

M, molecular mass (kg/kmol); Δ_fH⁰, formation enthalpy (kJ/mol); formation entropy, Δ_fS⁰ = s⁰ − ∑ _elements$\mathit{\nu }{\mathit{s}}_{\mathrm{f},\mathrm{element}}^0$, J/mol K, where ν is the number of moles of the element in chemical equation of formation of the substance; Gibbs free energy of formation, Δ_fG⁰ = Δ_fH⁰ − T₀Δ_fS⁰, (kJ/mol); chemical exergy, ex^ch = Δ_fG⁰ + ∑ _elementsν × $\mathit{e}{\mathit{x}}_{\mathrm{element}}^{\mathrm{ch}}$, (kJ/mol); reference temperature, T₀ = 298.15 K; reference pressure, P₀ = 1 bar; superscript 0 in above notations refers to standard pressure.