A
- A priori probability: definition of;
- overview of
- Absolute cell references
- Absolute differences
- Addition rule: mutual exclusivity and;
- overview of
- Adjusted R2: definition of;
- overview of
- Admission data: calculating age using =YEARFRAC ( ) function;
- DOA;
- DOB
- Age at admission
- Aldrich, J.
- Alpha: beta's mutual dependence with;
- cost and;
- definition of; F probability;
- inflation;
- intervention and;
- research and; as small;
- specifying
- Alternative hypothesis: beta for;
- selecting; t value and
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA);
- Data Analysis package instructions; definition of;
- differences;
- Excel add-in for;
- F test for differences in;
- within health care industry;
- Lean/Six Sigma practices and;
- output; overview of;
- for repeated measures;
- t test relation;
- as test;
- variation within.
- See also One-way analysis of variance
- Analysis ToolPak. See Data Analysis pack
- =AND ( ) function
- ANOVA. See Analysis of variance
- Appel, F. A.
- Area, normal curve approximation
- Arguments: definition of;
- functions and;
- number of
- Arrays: definition of;
- determinant of;
- functions
- Automatic curve fitter
- Average. See Mean
- =AVERAGE ( ) function
- =AVERAGE ( ) function
B
- b coefficients
- b0
- Backward stepwise elimination
- Bar chart
- Bartlett test
- Bayes's theorem: conditional probability and;
- overview of
- Bell-shaped curve
- Bernoulli distribution: definition of;
- random numbers from
- Best regression model: Dust Bowl empiricism;
- overview of;
- with regression variables;
- theory. See also Stepwise regression
- Best-fitting line
- Betas: alpha's mutual dependence with;
- for alternative hypothesis;
- calculating;
- controlling;
- cost and;
- definition of; determining;
- for hypothesis;
- intervention and;
- as many;
- one-tail test and;
- reality of; research and;
- as small;
- specifying; value of
- Between group variance (SSB)
- Binary logic: coin flip application of;
- emergency visit application of;
- nonemergency visit application of
- =BINOMDIST ( ) function
- Binomial distributions; definition of;
- equations for;
- health care professional applications;
- Medicare;
- random numbers from
- Binomial probabilities: =BINOMDIST ( ) function;
- Medicare;
- overview of
- Bins: defining;
- for frequency distribution
- Breast cancer education
- Brook, R. H.
E
- ED. See Emergency department
- Effect, residual variation versus
- Emergency department (ED)
- Emergency room, Poisson distribution application
- Emergency visits, binary logic applied to
- Empirical probabilities: definition of;
- frequency of occurrence and;
- independence and;
- overview of;
- probability distributions and;
- sequential events and
- Empiricism, Dust Bowl
- Equal variances: assumption of;
- F test;
- t tests and;
- testing for
- Equations: for binomial distribution;
- of line;
- for one-way analysis of variance;
- for Poisson distribution;
- regression;
- simultaneous;
- solving;
- for TC
- Error variance
- Estimated variance, standard error with
- Estimates: comparison of;
- of dependent variable
- Events: definition of;
- as independent;
- outcomes and;
- sample space and
- Excel Charts function. See Charts
- Excel functions. See Functions
- Excel graphs. See Graphs
- =EXP ( ) function
- Expected values: in cells;
- as small
- Explained variance: understanding;
- unexplained variance versus
- Exponential model
G
- Gender, LOS and
- Goldberger, A. S.
- Graphing capability
- Graphs: formatting;
- of frequency distribution;
- overview of
- Groups: means;
- sampling;
- selecting;
- t tests for comparing two;
- =TDIST function
H
- Halpern, C. T.
- Harmon, H. H.
- HDI. See Human Development Index
- Header row
- Health administration
- Health care industry: ANOVA within;
- Lean/Six Sigma practices within
- Health care personnel: binomial applications to;
- standard hourly rates for
- Health policy
- Highlighting
- Histogram
- Home health agency
- Homogeneity of variance
- Hospital: admissions;
- alliance;
- factorial example
- Human Development Index (HDI)
- Hypotheses: acceptance of; beta for;
- definition of;
- of independence testing;
- initial; rejection of;
- statements;
- t tests and;
- t value and.
- See also Alternative hypothesis; Null hypothesis
- Hypothesis testing: confidence limits and;
- definition of;
- overview of;
- population; sample;
- sample size and.
- See also Type I errors; Type II errors
I
- ICD-9. See International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision
- Identity matrix
- =IF ( ) function: definition of;
- as nested;
- overview of
- =IF ( ) statement: date of birth checked by;
- M or F, checked by
- Imported data
- Imputation
- Independence: conditional probability tables testing;
- definition of;
- empirical probabilities and.
- See also Hypothesis of independence; Mathematical independence; Statistical independence
- Independent events: conditional probability and;
- overview of
- Independent variables;
- analyzing;
- definition of;
- dependent variables and;
- multiple regression and;
- regression coefficients for.
- See also Causal variable; Linear regression; Predictor variable
- Inferential statistics
- Information matrix: calculation of;
- definition of;
- =MMULT ( ) function;
- overview of;
- =TRANSPOSE ( ) function
- Insert Chart dialog box
- Insert Function dialog box
- Interaction, dummy variables with
- Interaction effect.
- See also Main effect
- Interaction terms: comments on;
- as predictor
- Intercept
- Internal frequencies
- International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9).
- See also Secondary data
- Interval scale
- Interval variables: definition of;
- overview of
- Intervention: alpha and;
- beta and;
- cost of;
- research and
- Inverse
J
- Joint probabilities: building;
- definition of;
- “or” values;
- overview of
K
- Known variance, standard error with
- Kros, J. F.
L
- Lean/Six Sigma practices: ANOVA and;
- within health care industry
- Length of stay (LOS);
- calculating;
- gender and
- Levine, D. M.
- Likert scale
- Line: data fitting of;
- equations of.
- See also Best-fitting straight line
- Line chart
- Linear probability model (LPM);
- definition of;
- problem;
- WLS for estimating.
- See also Weighted least squares
- Linear regression;
- best-fitting straight line;
- calculation of;
- Data Analysis package instructions;
- definition of;
- meaning of.
- See also Simple linear regression
- Linear relationships: determining;
- log;
- straight line
- Log linear relationships
- Logarithmic model
- Logistic regression
- Logit;
- chi-square test;
- coefficients;
- definition of;
- dependent variable;
- for dichotomous dependent variable estimation;
- equation of;
- introduction to;
- models;
- OLS compared with;
- overview of;
- pseudo R square statistic;
- setting up;
- significance test with;
- Solver for;
- standard errors;
- WLS and
- Log-likelihoods: coefficients;
- finding;
- maximizing;
- Solver used for;
- spreadsheet layout for
- LOS. See Length of stay
- LPM. See Linear probability model
N
- n - 1, sample variance and
- #NAME?
- n-by-n tables: chi-square statistic;
- example of
- n-by-two table: chi-square statistic;
- example of
- Nelson, F.
- Nested functions
- Nested =IF ( ) functions: decisions made by;
- overview of
- Newborns
- 95 percent; confidence limit;
- overview of
- 99 percent
- Nominal variable
- Noncontiguous cells
- Nonemergency visits, binary logic applied to
- Nonlinear relationships: definition of;
- dummy variables and;
- estimating;
- fitting;
- introduction to;
- log linear relationships;
- overview of;
- second-degree curves and
- Nonrandom samples
- Normal curve, area approximated under
- Normal distributions;
- calculations for;
- characteristics of;
- constructing;
- continuous probability distributions;
- definition of;
- introduction to;
- 95 percent in;
- 99 percent in;
- overview of;
- random numbers from;
- 68 percent in;
- standard deviation and;
- t distribution approximating.
- See also Cumulative normal distributions
- =NORMDIST ( ) function
- Null hypothesis: accepting;
- F tests and;
- rejecting;
- testing
- #NUM!
- Numerical variables: categorical variables transforming into;
- definition of;
- overview of.
- See also Continuous numerical variables; Discrete numerical variables
O
- Observations: percentage of;
- t distribution and
- OLS. See Ordinary least squares
- One-tail t values
- One-tail tests: betas and;
- overview of;
- two-tail t tests and
- One-way analysis of variance: calculation of;
- equations for;
- Excel add-in for;
- overview of
- =OR ( ) function
- =OR ( ) statement, M or F checked by
- “Or” values
- Ordinal scale
- Ordinal variables: definition of; overview of
- Ordinary least squares (OLS);
- definition of;
- dependent variable;
- with dichotomous dependent variable;
- Logit compared with;
- problems with;
- WLS compared with
- Outcomes: definition of;
- events and;
- as mutually exclusive;
- overview of;
- sample space and
- Output
P
- Parameters;
- definition of;
- discrete distribution requesting
- Pareto chart: definition of;
- overview of
- Paste Special dialog box
- Patterned distribution
- Pentad Home Health Agency
- Percentage distributions: creating;
- cumulative frequencies and
- Pie chart
- Pivot table: categorical variables and;
- frequencies generated by;
- with two variables
- Point estimates, confidence intervals and
- Poisson distribution: calculating;
- definition of;
- emergency room application;
- equations for;
- overview of;
- random numbers from
- =POISSON ( ) function
- =POISSON ( ) function
- Polynomial model
- Polynomial option
- Pooled variance: t test;
- for unequal sample sizes
- Population size: sample size and;
- standard error and
- Populations: definition of;
- hypothesis testing;
- proportions;
- random sample drawn from;
- samples and;
- target.
- See also Sampled population
- Power model
- Power option
- Predicted values of total charges (TC)
- Prediction, of model
- Predictor, interaction terms as
- Predictor variable
- Probabilities;
- basic concepts of;
- binomial;
- conditional;
- definitions;
- empirical;
- joint;
- marginal;
- a priori;
- stochastic process and;
- of t value. See also Coin flips;
- Normal distributions;
- Poisson distribution;
- Statistics;
- specific probabilities
- Probability distributions, empirical probability and
- Probability terminology/concepts: coin flips;
- empirical probability;
- events;
- independent events;
- mutually exclusive outcomes;
- sample space
- Probit
- Proportions: distribution of;
- population
- pseudo R square statistic
- Pseudorandom number
R
- R square statistic
- R2. See Coefficient of determination
- =RAND ( ) function;
- copying;
- definition of;
- overview of;
- random number generation with;
- random number regeneration;
- using;
- working with
- =RANDBETWEEN ( ) function
- Random number generation: with =RAND ( ) function;
- sample drawing and
- Random Number Generation dialog box
- Random numbers: from Bernoulli distribution;
- from binomial distribution;
- from discrete distribution;
- from normal distribution;
- from Poisson distribution;
- =RAND ( ) function;
- regeneration;
- tables;
- from uniform distribution
- Random samples;
- definition of;
- of home health agency records;
- population drawing of.
- See also Simple random samples
- Random seed
- Range;
- definition of;
- overview of
- Ratio: scale;
- variables
- Regression;
- analyzing;
- b coefficients used for;
- best model of;
- difference established by;
- equations;
- Excel add-in;
- linear;
- logistic;
- meaning of;
- output;
- overview of;
- in practical terms;
- results;
- solving;
- stepwise;
- t test's relationship with;
- variables related by;
- variance. See also Nonlinear relationships;
- specific regression
- Regression coefficients: calculating;
- definition of;
- for independent variables
- Regression package, WLS and
- Regression variables, best regression model with
- Related data: Excel add-in for;
- t tests for
- Relationships, identifying
- Relative cell references
- Repeated measures: ANOVA for;
- definition of;
- Excel add-in for;
- in factorial design
- Replacement, sampling with
- Representative sample, mean inferred by
- Research: alpha and;
- beta and;
- cost of;
- intervention and
- Residual variation, effect versus
- =ROUND ( ) function
S
- Sample mean, integrating
- Sample sizes: confidence level and;
- determining;
- hypothesis testing and;
- as large;
- measurement error and;
- population size and;
- selecting;
- standard error influenced by.
- See also Unequal sample sizes
- Sample space: definition of;
- events and;
- outcomes and;
- overview of
- Sample variance, n - 1 and
- Sampled population: definition of;
- overview of
- Samples: =AND ( ) function;
- big picture and;
- cluster;
- comparing;
- confidence limits for multiple;
- Data Analysis add-in drawing;
- definition of;
- hypothesis testing;
- means of;
- nonrandom;
- populations and;
- random;
- random number generation and;
- simple random;
- stratified;
- systematic.
- See also specific samples
- Sampling;
- data preparation and;
- groups;
- overview of;
- with replacement;
- as stratified;
- t test
- Sampling distribution of mean: overview of;
- standard error
- Scalars: definition of;
- matrix multiplication and
- Scale, variables as
- Scatterplots: definition of;
- examining;
- importance of;
- visual inspection of
- Scientific notation
- Sea Coast Alliance
- Secondary data: definition of;
- examination of;
- overview of
- Second-degree curves, nonlinear relationships and
- Select Data Source dialog box
- Sequential events, empirical probabilities and
- Significance test, with Logit
- Significant difference
- Simple addition rule, mutual exclusivity and
- Simple average. See Mean
- Simple linear regression, extension of
- Simple multiplication rule
- Simple random samples: definition of;
- overview of
- Simultaneous equations
- Single-variable regression
- 68 percent
- Skewed distributions: definition of;
- overview of
- Skewed left
- Skewed right
- Slope intercept form
- Small alpha
- Small beta
- Small expected values
- Solver: definition of;
- limitations to;
- for Logit problem;
- overview of;
- setting up
- Sort routine
- Sorting data
- Spreadsheet Modeling for Business Decisions (Kros)
- Spreadsheets: definition of;
- log-likelihood layout;
- moving around in;
- as workbooks;
- working in
- =SQRT ( ) function
- Square root method
- SSB. See Between group variance
- SScols. See Sum of squares between columns
- SSrows. See Sum of squares between rows
- SSrows. cols. See Sum of squares due to interaction
- SST. See Total sums of squares; Total variance
- SSW. See Within group variance
- SSWC. See Sum of squares within cells
- Standard deviations: calculating;
- definition of;
- of discrete numerical variable;
- frequency distribution created by;
- normal distribution and;
- overview of
- Standard error of estimates: definition of;
- overview of
- Standard errors;
- calculating;
- concept of;
- definition of;
- with estimated variance;
- inflation;
- integrating;
- with known variance;
- Logit;
- of means;
- overview of;
- population size and;
- sample size influencing;
- sampling distribution of mean
- Standard hourly rates
- The State of the World's Children 1996 (UNICEF)
- The State of the World's Children 2001 (UNICEF)
- Statistical independence;
- chi-square test and;
- overview of
- Statistical significance
- Statistical tests: for categorical data;
- difference established by;
- overview of.
- Chi-square test;
- Regression;
- t tests
- See also Analysis of variance;
- Statistical tools, Excel as
- Statistics: caveats;
- chi-square;
- definition of;
- descriptive;
- F;
- inferential;
- pseudo;
- R2;
- variable applications of.
- See also specific statistics, Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel (Levine, Stephan, and Szabat)
- =STDEV ( ) function
- Stephan, D.
- Stepwise regression: backward stepwise elimination;
- definition of;
- in Excel;
- forward stepwise inclusion;
- overview of
- Stochastic process: definition of;
- overview of
- Stratified samples: cluster samples versus
- definition of;
- overview of
- Studies in Family Planning
- Successive elimination
- Sudan
- =SUM ( ) function
- Sum of squares between columns (SScols): calculation of;
- variation
- Sum of squares between rows (SSrows): calculation of;
- variation
- Sum of squares due to interaction (SSrows . cols): calculation of;
- variation
- Sum of squares within cells (SSWC): calculation of;
- variation
- Summations
- =SUMPRODUCT ( ) function
- Sums of squares
- =SUMSQ ( ) function
- Survival analysis
- Syntax
- Systematic samples;
- definition of;
- overview of
- Szabat, K. A.
T
- t distribution: definition of;
- normal distribution approximated by;
- observations percentage and;
- overview of;
- shape of
- t statistic
- t tests;
- ANOVA relation;
- calculating;
- calculation of;
- Data Analysis add-in;
- definition of;
- equal variance and;
- F test versus;
- for group comparison;
- hypotheses and;
- interpreting;
- means compared with;
- origin of;
- overview of;
- pooled variance;
- regression's relationship with;
- for related data;
- results;
- sampling;
- selection in;
- =TDIST function;
- Type I error link;
- Type II error link;
- for unequal sample sizes;
- for unrelated data.
- See also One-tail test;Two-tail t tests
- t values: alternative hypothesis and;
- confidence level;
- finding;
- hypothesis and;
- one-tail;
- probability of;
- two-tail
- Target population
- TC. See Predicted values of total charges
- =TDIST ( ) function
- Telephones
- Text Import Wizard
- =TINV function
- Total sums of squares (SST): calculation of;
- variation
- Total variance (SST);
- calculation of;
- computation of;
- dividing;
- formula for
- Traditional treatments
- Transpose
- =TRANSPOSE ( ) function
- Trend line
- Trendline options
- =TRUNC ( ) function
- =TTEST ( ) function
- Two variables. See Independence
- Two-by-n table: chi-square statistic;
- example of
- Two-tail t tests: one-tail tests and;
- overview of
- Two-tail t values
- Type I errors: avoiding;
- chi-square and;
- definition of;
- overview of;
- t test link;
- Type II errors and
- Type II errors: avoiding;
- chi-square and;
- definition of;
- overview of;
- t test link;
- Type I errors and
U
- Undo command
- Unequal sample sizes: comparing;
- pooled variance for;
- t test conducted for
- Unequal variances
- Unexplained variance: explained variance versus;
- understanding
- UNICEF. See United Nations Children's Fund
- Uniform distributions
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
- Unrelated data, t tests for
V
- #VALUE!
- Values
- =VAR ( ) function
- Variables: categorical;
- causal;
- caused;
- continuous numerical;
- definition of;
- discrete numerical;
- distinguishing;
- interval;
- as nominal;
- numerical;
- ordinal;
- overview of;
- pivot table with two;
- predictor;
- ratio;
- regression;
- regression analysis relating;
- as scale;
- simultaneous consideration of;
- statistics applying to;
- types of;
- x;
- y.
- See also Independence; specific variables
- Variances: assumption;
- calculating;
- as constant;
- definition of;
- as equal;
- error;
- estimated;
- examining;
- as explained;
- factorial analysis of;
- between group;
- within group;
- homogeneity of;
- as known;
- overview of;
- as pooled;
- regression;
- sample;
- standard error with;
- standard errors with estimated;
- standard errors with known;
- as total;
- as unequal;
- as unexplained.
- See also specific variances
- Variation: within ANOVA;
- SScols;
- SSrows;
- SSrows. cols;
- SST;
- SSWC.
- See also Residual variation
- =VARP ( ) function
- Vector
W
- Weighted least squares (WLS): definition of;
- dependent variable;
- example;
- in Excel;
- F statistic;
- interpreting;
- issues with;
- Logit compared with;
- Logit models and;
- for LPM estimation;
- OLS compared with;
- output;
- R square statistic;
- regression package and
- Weights: calculation;
- generation problem
- Within cell variation: calculating;
- dividing
- Within group variance (SSw): definition of;
- division of;
- overview of
- WLS. See Weighted least squares
- Women. See Breast cancer education
- Workbooks: definition of;
- overview of;
- spreadsheets as;
- worksheet inserted in
- Worksheet, workbook insertion of
X
- x axis
- x summations
- x variable
- XY(Scatter) chart
Y
- y axis
- y summations
- Yates's correction
- =YEARFRAC ( ) function
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