Index
account advertising 176
action alley 104
add date 266
advertisements 161, 191, 300, 326, 405, 429–30, 440, 455–6
advertisers 75, 228, 251–3, 255, 258, 351, 408, 429, 431, 442, 445–7, 455
advertising 27, 31–2, 52–3, 58, 96–8, 105, 110–14, 117, 176–8, 189–91, 256–7, 422–3, 429–32, 434–6, 438–56; campaigns 406, 448, 452, 454, 456; cooperative 455; effectiveness 447, 449, 451, 453; media options 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445; rates of 261, 296; revenue of 18, 251, 264, 296, 298
affect 60
aficionado fans 409
agreements 34–5, 96, 103, 154, 278–9, 380, 463
airplay 269; charts 75, 211, 269, 273, 277, 281–2; detections 282, 287
album: art 86, 154, 178; chart 9, 137, 352; downloads 135–6, 152, 353, 396; launch of 85, 94, 96, 127; projects 211, 271, 273; sales 4, 8, 135, 137, 139–40, 146, 148, 152, 165, 169, 181, 184, 320–2, 366, 368–9; single 135–6, 152, 353, 396
AllAccess Music Group 287
ambush marketing 423
American Marketing Association 22, 37, 45, 53, 63, 81, 83
America’s Music Charts 257, 287
analytics 77–8, 227–8, 242, 244, 453
area of dominant influence (ADI) 45, 60
artist and repertoire (A&R) process 8, 20, 155–6, 159–60, 165, 168
artists: appearances 208–9; audience 92, 95, 247; audience profile 98, 100; brand 8, 84, 86–7, 90, 93, 96–7, 99, 104, 243; brand identity 92, 98; brand profile 99, 104; career 99, 103, 115, 176, 203, 293, 295, 399–400; channel 238–9; fan base 95, 242, 416; image 195, 199; label 156, 191, 205, 271–2; major 114, 120, 207, 209; music 68, 92, 203, 226, 419; name 51, 84, 93, 221, 235, 264; owned brand opportunities 102; profile 92, 98, 243; promotion 177–8, 183; recording 20, 158, 191, 208, 289, 421, 463; successful 156, 158, 211; target market 201, 421; website 86, 198–9, 222–3, 235–6, 244, 304, 410
attitudes, affect-based 58
audience, artist and 92, 95, 98, 100, 247
average quarter-hour (AQH) 253, 255, 259, 261–2, 266
award shows 210
Bandcamp 390
banner advertising 455
behavioral segmentation 50, 60
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) 144, 151, 311, 319
best selling markets 384
Big Champagne 389
big data 80, 345, 347, 349, 395; analytics 345, 396
Big Machine Label Group 101, 463
billboards 33, 74, 76, 147, 155, 177, 210, 273, 280–5, 302, 350–1, 358, 387, 430
bloggers 196–7, 201, 205, 245–6, 401, 417, 420–2, 426
blogs 30, 198, 205, 217, 222–3, 235, 237, 244–6, 249, 273, 299, 421, 443
blues music 442
BMG see Bertelsmann Music Group
box lot 340
branding 7, 10, 83–6, 88–90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104–6, 160, 164, 166, 303–4; basics 86; history of 86; personal 105
brands 8, 52–3, 56, 83–90, 92–5, 97–100, 102–6, 195, 199, 212, 231, 405–6, 412–13, 417, 462; architecture 87–8, 104, 340; CDs 405, 413; connection with consumers 93; corporate 85, 87, 95–100, 104; display 85, 104; endorsed 88, 105; equity 84, 87, 93, 97, 103–4; fit 92, 96–7, 99, 104; house 87, 104; house of 105; identity 90–1; loyalty 28, 51, 95; maintaining 93; master 105; Music 405; partnerships 7, 84–5, 95, 97–9, 411, 462; promise 88–9, 94; promoting and building 92; protecting 94; relationship strategy 104–5; strong 84–5, 87, 89–90, 92–3, 95–7, 199, 208; strong artist 90, 104
brick and mortar stores 55, 340, 413
Broadcast Data System (BDS) 64, 74–5, 250, 281–3, 285, 287–8, 358
budget 113–14, 155–6, 191, 203, 297–8, 420, 430, 446, 452
build audience tab 233
buyers 340
Call to Action (CTA) 37, 226, 236, 239
career, of artist 99, 103, 115, 176, 203, 293, 295, 399–400
catalog 148, 151, 157, 166, 407, 454; albums 146–8; sales 21, 143, 146–9
causal design 80
cause marketing 84, 100–1, 105
CDs, branded 413
champagne, big 389
charge records 178
charts 5, 9–10, 115–17, 253, 255–7, 261–2, 269–72, 276–8, 280–90, 302, 351–3, 357–8, 367, 387, 393; album 9, 137, 357
classic product lifecycles 378–9, 383
clippings 215
CMA see Country Music Association
Coalition of Independent Music Stores (CIMS) 413
coding 80
college marketing 127
commercial radio 250, 253, 264, 271, 280
competition-based pricing 26, 28, 37
computerized ordering process 340
conation 60
construct 80
consumer behavior 41–2, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52–4, 56, 58–60; decision processes of 22, 37; decision process of 56, 60; and purchasing decisions 53, 55; tracking 77, 79
consumers: advertising 455; advertising and 177; promotions 32; purchases 77, 300, 349, 396; relationship 52, 60; sweepstakes 401; young 134, 205, 462
contact lists 193
contemporary hit radio (CHR) 45, 257
content marketing 105
contextual advertising 443, 455
contract 154
contribution to overhead 172, 178–9, 182, 185–6
cookies 60
co-op advertising 341
cooperative advertising 455
corporate brands 85, 87, 95–100, 104
corporate partnerships 84, 95–7, 387
corporate sponsorship 9
cost of sales 172, 175–6, 179, 181, 185, 187
cost-per-click (CPC) 432, 444–5, 455
cost per thousand (CPM) 449, 455
Country Music Association (CMA) 83
creative department 215
cross-promotion 413
crowdfunding 29
Cume 253, 259, 261, 266, 447–8, 455
customer profile 105
custom research 64, 76, 80; firms 76
dashboards 371
data collection 66–7, 70, 72, 74, 77, 80, 349
decision making process: cognitive vs. emotional 58; of consumer behavior 22, 37, 56, 60; high and low-involvement 56–7
decisions 22–4, 53, 56–7, 69, 176, 194–5, 252–3, 262–3, 270, 297, 326, 328, 429, 431, 447
demographics 42, 44, 46–7, 92, 98–9, 151, 256, 258, 402, 432, 445; personal 60; segmentation 46
Department of Recording Industry 83
departments: accounting 154–5; social media 164, 299
design, causal 80
designated market areas (DMAs) 60, 347, 383
developing artists 153, 155, 157, 159, 285, 400
diffusion of innovations 22, 37, 416
digital aggregators 331
digital album sales 135, 184, 321, 366
digital distribution 33, 35, 320–1, 391
digital download sales 135
digital music sales 2, 33, 70, 137–8, 174–5, 181, 331, 352, 358, 378, 460
digital revenues 325
direct-to-consumer outlets 144, 390, 397
discography 215
discount 27, 32, 52, 112, 171–3, 182, 184, 314, 329, 332–3, 341; adjusted sales number deducting 174–5; and dating 341
distribution 341; center 129, 314–15, 329, 340; channels 37; Companies Market Share 319; digital 33, 35, 320–1, 391; fees 173–6; Fees 173; function 310–11, 313–14, 359; royalty 11–12; systems 34; Universal Music Group 311; values 326
distribution companies 163, 171, 309, 314–16, 326–7, 329, 342, 359
distributors 32, 34–5, 109–10, 163, 172–3, 310, 314–17, 326, 328–9, 331–2, 339–40, 342, 359, 368, 371
DMAs see designated market areas
do-it-yourself (DIY) 455
economies of scale 341
Electrical and Mechanical Industries (EMI) 151
electronic data interchange (EDI) 341
electronic press kit (EPK) 194–5, 304
electronic superstores 341
endorsements 105
entertainment industry 6, 29, 64, 74, 99, 153, 351, 458
European Article Numbering system (EAN) 37
exclusives 413
exploratory research 66–7, 69, 80
Facebook 74, 105, 222–3, 227–38, 242–5, 289, 300, 354–5, 391, 406, 445–6; fan pages 227, 229–33; insights 228; news feed algorithm 229–31
fans, aficionado 409
floor designs 341
Forrester Research 76, 190, 204, 304
gender 143
genre: of music 70, 151, 153, 171–2, 201, 238, 264, 280, 285, 287, 297, 376, 383; trends 140
geographic segmentation 44, 46, 60
geotargeting 455
Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) 396
good brand fit 92, 96–7, 99, 104
Google 235, 244–5, 325, 331, 339, 440–1, 443
grassroots marketing 110, 415–18, 420, 422–4, 426
gross digital units/albums 174
gross impressions 455
gross margin 172, 175–6, 178, 334
gross physical sales 174
gross rating point (GRP) 448–9, 452, 455–6
guerilla marketing 415–16, 420–3, 426
hedonic: defined 37; products 25; responses to music 25, 51
home market television stations 45, 347, 396
home page 221
house: branded 87, 104; of brands 88, 105
independent labels 147, 165, 167, 209, 265, 279, 289, 311–12, 314, 319–20
independent promoters (indies) 269, 276–9, 290–1
independent record labels 35
independent video promoters 304–5
indie labels 117, 165, 167, 173, 203, 341
indie stores 341
industry concentration 149
industry numbers 131–2, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 353
information: basic 66, 112, 206; new 66–7, 69; search 57; system 74, 180, 351
International Federation of Phonographic
International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) 350–1, 396
Internet 6–7, 43–4, 72–3, 76–7, 80, 133–4, 165, 200–1, 205, 265, 299, 324–5, 419–21, 458–60, 463–4; marketing 164, 219, 221, 339, 399; radio 217, 264–5, 356, 368
inventory management 315, 328–9, 340–2
involvement 37, 60; level of 23, 55–9, 160
iTunes 35–6, 120, 125, 127, 133–4, 159, 164, 222, 226, 289, 330, 332, 411, 462, 465
keywords 43, 193, 238, 240, 442–3, 446, 455–6
labels: distributors and 173, 331, 339, 342, 390; independent record 35; indie 117, 165, 167, 173, 203, 313, 341; major record 34–5, 159, 165–6, 421; market share 143, 151; operations 153–4, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170; operations 153–4, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170; publicists 110, 162, 191–2, 206–8, 215; publicity department 192, 208; staffing 303; websites 195, 198, 206, 217, 219, 221, 299
lead time 215
lifecycles 397; classic product 378–9, 383
light rotation 266
listeners 75, 163, 177, 250–1, 253, 256–7, 259, 261–6, 283, 324, 387, 393, 429, 431
listening 17, 25, 45, 60, 122, 254–5, 259, 262, 267, 329, 339, 387, 390, 456, 459
listening stations 341
list price 182; suggested retail 171, 332
loose 341
market efficiencies 383
marketers 19–20, 24–5, 37, 41–4, 46–50, 53–5, 77, 80, 262, 264, 280, 284, 349, 356, 415–18; browsers to buyers conversion 55; of recorded music 46, 259, 264; segment markets 41
marketing 17–20, 25, 27, 37, 43–4, 83, 163–4, 167, 181, 227, 314, 342–3, 416–17, 459, 463–4; activities 32, 38, 116, 163, 399; ambush 423; cause 84, 100–1, 105; charts 358; college 127; concepts and definitions 17–18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 36, 38; costs 27, 43, 176–8, 181–2, 184; decisions 41, 43, 67, 422; department 110, 118, 163, 201, 282, 300, 303, 383, 406; effect 430; efforts 9, 18, 20–1, 42–4, 60, 88, 154, 189, 285, 315, 326, 339, 342, 383, 429; guerrilla 415–16, 423; managers 252; messages 47–8, 421; mix 19, 21, 23, 37; nontraditional tools 422, 426; plan 109–10, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 331; representatives 426; research 66, 80; research and personality 70; strategies 46, 74, 86, 117–18, 166, 204, 327, 333, 378, 404; team 119–20, 195–6, 422; word-of-mouth 184, 417–18
marketplace 18–20, 22, 48–9, 114, 116–18, 136, 146–7, 153, 173–4, 180–1, 310–12, 332–3, 347, 358–9, 390
market research 80; in music industry 63–4; types of 64
markets 19–21, 23–4, 41–4, 50–1, 60, 69–70, 127, 133–4, 259–62, 346–7, 383–5, 395–6, 419, 451–2, 456–7; Atlanta 261, 452; best 365, 385; DMA 383; free 13; local 43; segment 44, 46; segmentation 41–52, 54, 56, 58–60; segments 44, 48, 53, 445; share 143–4, 146, 149, 151, 318
mass merchants 342
media 84, 90, 93, 96, 104, 178, 189–92, 194, 196, 199, 201–2, 208, 215, 429–32, 447; ads 440; fragmentation 455; options 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445; planning 455; traditional 191–2, 196, 200, 205, 421–2; travel 178
mediums 455
millennials 60; generation 52–3
min/max systems 342
MPEG 305
multiple revenue streams 9
multiple rights contract 305
music: artist 68, 92, 203, 226, 419; blues 442; bookers of 207, 209; branded 405; business 17, 19–21, 65, 67–8, 83–6, 88, 90, 92–4, 96, 98, 100, 167–8, 345, 396–7, 459; buyers 177, 249; companies of 4, 9, 84, 143, 147–8, 155, 174, 315, 399–400, 405, 459–61; conglomerates 144, 151–2, 311; consumers 22, 166, 309, 329, 407; consumption 14, 18, 25, 136, 324, 464; distribution 309–10, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 338, 340; distributors 309, 338; fans 17–18, 75, 95, 137, 139, 287, 295, 299–300, 321; festival 94–5, 105, 403; formats 43, 257, 349, 396, 399; genre of 20, 70, 151, 153, 171–2, 201, 238, 264, 280, 285, 287, 297, 376, 383; hedonic responses to 25, 51; history 200, 215; industry 2, 7, 15, 50–1, 63–4, 89, 95–6, 356, 439, 447, 451, 457–8, 460, 462, 465; label 119, 269, 289; Latin 322; marketers 55, 257, 264, 463; marketing 314, 463; partnerships 84, 95, 102–3; promoting 280, 305; publishing industry 11; purchases 18, 59, 115, 176, 320; retail environment 326–7, 329; retailers 327, 329, 338, 340, 351, 413; retailing 309–10, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326–8, 330, 332, 334, 338, 340, 342; Rock River 406; Sony 312, 315; subscription services 18, 265
Music Business Association 75, 327, 458
musicians 26, 217, 223, 225, 238, 244–5, 305, 391, 458, 461
music sales 2, 6, 8, 14–15, 84, 135, 138–9, 143, 191, 288, 315, 319, 325, 338–9, 376, 379, 390, 391, 411; digital 33, 331; recorded 18, 25, 97, 133, 135, 271
music videos 9, 13, 103, 194–5, 293–300, 302–6; feature 295; history of 294; popular 289; recordings 350, 396; products 74, 180, 351; sales 132, 301–2; tracks sales of 74, 180, 351
NARM see National Association of Recording Merchandiser
Nashville Musicians Association 460–1
National Association of Recording Merchandiser (NARM) 342
National Sales Summary Report 365
net generation 60
Next Big Sound (NBS) 289, 387, 462
Nielsen Audio 45, 47, 249, 253–4, 256, 259–62, 266, 273, 284
Nielsen Entertainment 351
Nielsen SoundScan 18, 74, 85, 351
nontraditional marketing tools 422, 426
non-traditional outlets 144
on-demand streaming 136–7, 320, 329
one-stop 342
online street team members 421–2
online surveys 71–3, 92; tools 68
on-pack promotion 401
opinion leaders 23–4, 416–17, 421
outlets, non-traditional 105, 309, 349
out-of-home (OOH) advertising 456
overhead, contribution to 172, 178–9, 182, 184–5, 187
particular radio station 259, 266
partnerships 7, 10, 84–6, 95–9, 103–4, 144, 164, 402–3, 411, 462; corporate 95
payola 291
peer-to-peer (P2P) 151
personal demographics 60
personality segmentation 50
Pinterest 244
PLC see product life cycle
point-of-purchase (POP) 330, 342, 432
point-of-sale (POS) 328, 342, 351
popular music videos 289
Portable People Meter 260–1, 263
predictor equation 181
press 125; clippings 198; release 114, 189, 192, 194, 196–8, 214–15, 239
press kit 194, 215, 222; electronic 215
price 333–4, 341–2; card 171; consumer-based 37; fixing 38; and positioning 35; strategies 342
private label 413
problem definition 81
problem recognition 57
process, decision-making 22, 41, 57
producers 37, 156–7, 160, 193, 195, 207–8, 215, 238, 277, 461
product life cycle (PLC) 20, 24, 38, 378, 380, 383
products: actual 174–5; categories 22, 46, 58, 88, 98, 100, 105; class 38; configuration 151; extensions 334, 405, 409; form 38; involvement 23, 56; label 273, 420; online 36, 38; positioning 38; purchasing 327–8; sampling 105, 401, 431, 435–6; usage 50–1, 99; usage segmentation 51
professional connections 169
profile: artist 92, 98, 243; artist brand 99, 104
profit and loss (P&L) statements 155, 171, 174, 181, 184, 187
program directors 111, 201, 252–3, 257, 266, 269, 271, 276–7
programmers 177, 252, 257–9, 262–3, 269, 272, 276, 278
project efficiency 179
promoter 7, 71, 269, 272, 275, 277, 279; independent video 304–5
promotion 211, 269, 271; artist 177–8; department 110, 163, 277–8; record labels 269
psychographics 42, 44, 47–8, 432; segmentation 47, 60
publicist 162, 189, 192–6, 199–201, 203, 206–7, 209, 213, 299, 304, 421; independent 192, 215; label vs. indie 192; tools of 192
publicity 111, 113, 117, 119, 162, 165, 168, 176–8, 189–92, 194–6, 198–204, 206–8, 210–15, 293, 303; department 110, 162, 189, 193, 203, 211, 289, 299, 454; plan 200–202; strategy 203, 205
public service 211
publishing companies 157–8, 312
pull strategy 38
purchasing decisions 41, 53, 55, 326, 328, 330
Q Factor 215
qualitative research 81
rack jobbers 314, 339, 342, 409
radio: activity 354–5; advertising 436; airplay 6, 8, 74, 113, 163, 275, 277, 279, 328, 354, 356, 358, 366, 399, 419; audiences 75, 253, 256, 259, 277, 383; brands 51, 265; broadcasting companies 251; broadcasting industry 251; business of 249–68; formats 255–7, 278, 285, 287; industry 265; listening 254–5, 260; markets 113, 256, 258, 282; programmers 75, 110, 163, 201, 211, 251, 261, 271–3, 281, 299; promotion 31, 113, 163, 176, 210, 269–71, 279, 282, 303, 395; promotion staffs 163, 299; single and marketing plan 165; stations 74–5, 163, 177, 249, 251–3, 259, 261–6, 271, 273, 275, 277–9, 281–3, 287, 291, 463
Radiohead 31
rating 206, 238, 259–61, 393, 448–9, 455–6
rating point 456
ratings research 249, 259, 261
record business 33–5, 74–5, 177
recorded music 18–19, 25, 27, 29, 84–5, 250, 253, 257, 259, 264, 269, 271, 277, 288–9, 458–9; projects 191, 210, 215, 284, 295, 299; sale of 14; sales 18, 25, 97, 133, 135, 271; selling 17, 33, 103
recordings 26–7, 36, 156–8, 160–1, 166–7, 251–3, 257, 266, 271, 275–8, 291, 293–4, 296–7, 299–300, 458–60; artists 20, 158, 191, 208, 289, 421, 463; costs 8, 27, 175–6, 181, 184; industry 76, 250, 417–18, 429–30, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444, 446, 448, 450, 458
record labels 34–5, 159, 165–6, 421; business model 27; finances 171–2, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188; marketers 19, 213; survival 1, 8
record promoters 266, 271, 273, 275–6
record promotion 210, 266, 271, 273–4, 277, 295
record sales 3, 11–12, 15, 74, 76, 97, 147, 153, 177, 200, 271, 340, 376, 405
recurrents 291
relationships, consumer 52, 60
repertoire 20, 153, 155, 157, 159–60
replacement cycle 151
research, Ratings 249, 259, 261
research design 64, 66–7, 70, 80–1
research process 65–7, 69, 71, 73, 80
retailers 28, 31–2, 34–6, 115, 163–4, 172, 309–10, 314–15, 327–30, 332–4, 338–9, 341–2, 351, 405–6, 413; music supply to 314
retail exclusives 409
retail inventories 17
retail prices 26, 37, 134, 172, 341
retail stores, traditional 131
return on investment (ROI) 429, 456
returns 342
returns reserve opp 174
revenue: concert 13–14; digital 325; streams 1, 7–9, 165
ReverbNation 194, 245, 332, 391
rich media advertising 456
Rock River Music 406
run-of-schedule (ROS) 432, 456
sale of music 191, 325, 338–9, 391
sales 121, 134, 149, 151, 300, 339; book 161, 316–17, 342; of CD singles 132, 134; charts 140, 209, 281, 350, 363, 377; cost of 172, 175–6, 179, 181, 183, 186; cumulative 394–5; data 74, 133, 177, 180, 315, 320, 350–2, 356, 387, 390, 393; departments 163–4, 454; digital download 135; figures 76, 85, 184, 299; forecast 342; gross 172–3, 181; identifying source of 349, 396; information 314, 351; level 21; manager 252; music video 132, 301–2; numbers 24, 64, 173; patterns 378, 381–2; process 316, 342; product 20, 38; promotion 31, 271; source 74, 351; success 86, 104, 378; trends 74, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 148, 376, 378, 383; vinyl 320–1
satellite radio 74, 250, 263–4, 279–80
Satellite Radio Promotion 279
search engine advertising 456
segmentation 42–3, 46, 48, 51, 455; behavioral 60; geographic 44, 46, 60
segments 6, 42–4, 46–8, 52–3, 60, 89, 259, 406, 419, 431, 436, 455; markets 44, 46
selling recorded music 17, 33, 103
sell-through 342
share 267
share video 237
shrinkage 342
shrinking retail inventories 17, 36
slug 215
social media 164, 217–18, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244; marketing 31, 347; sites 221, 237, 239, 391, 421
solicitation 342
songs: downloaded 4; featured 121, 123; popular 75–6, 266, 280
Sony Music Group (SMG) 152
soundie 305
sound recordings 1, 3, 6–8, 10, 14–15, 175, 305, 350, 396, 406
SoundScan 180, 350, 352, 358, 396; marketing reports 358–9, 361, 363, 365; sales trends and configurations 135
soundtracks 10, 50, 119, 131, 320, 407–9
source tagging 342
spins 65, 279, 282–3, 285, 291
sponsorships 94–5, 105, 114, 399–400, 402–4, 406, 408, 410, 412
statement, profit and loss 174, 181, 184–6
stations: broadcasting 45, 60; home market television 45, 347, 396; particular radio 259, 266; reporting 272–3, 288; terrestrial radio 264–5, 463
Stock-Keeping Unit (SKU) 130
store types 396
streaming 136, 289, 353–6; on-demand 136–7, 320, 329
streaming equivalent albums (SEA) 8, 135–7, 140, 152, 181, 321, 352–3, 396
streaming revenue, gross 174–5, 185–7
street date 114–15, 136, 154–6, 162, 201–2, 314, 316–17, 380, 411, 454
suggested retail list price (SRLP) 171, 332–3, 335
super fans 218
syndicated research 64, 74–5, 81
talent bookers 215
talk-entertainment shows 208
targeted rating points (TRP) 449, 456
television 10, 96, 98, 177–8, 190, 192, 194, 208–9, 293–6, 299–300, 304–5, 429–33, 451–2, 454–6, 462–3
television appearances 190, 207, 209
terrestrial radio 269, 276, 291, 463; stations 264–5, 463
deal 9
timeline 316
tour sponsorships 399–404, 406, 408, 410, 412–13
tour support 399–400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412
track equivalent albums (TEA) 152, 396
tracking consumer behavior 77, 79
track music popularity 270
trade 130, 291; advertising 117, 130, 450, 456; advertising 117, 130, 450, 456; publication 456; publicity 117
tribes, concept of 217
Twitter 237, 239–42; home page 240–1, 247–8
UMG, see Universal Music Group
units shipped 152
Universal Music Group (UMG) 152
universal product code (UPC) 35, 37–8, 328, 343, 349–51, 396
UPC see Universal product codes
value-adds 413
value of branding 83–6, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106
vehicles 456
vertical integration 34, 312–13, 343
video bloggers 426
videos, product placement in 103
viral marketing 190, 293, 300, 420, 426, 460
visual records 305
Wal-Mart action alley 85
Warner, Elektra, Atlantic (WEA) 152
web analytics 61
web data mining 61
WIIFM principle 224
word-of-mouth marketing 184, 416–18
Year-End Music Industry Report 320
Year-To-Date (YTD) sales 358–9, 363
YouTube 10, 13, 94, 164, 200, 208, 220, 235–9, 289, 295–6, 298, 302, 325, 331, 339