In C++11, a range-based for loop has the following general syntax:

    for ( range_declaration : range_expression ) loop_statement

To exemplify the various ways of using a range-based for loops, we will use the following functions that return sequences of elements:

    std::vector<int> getRates() 
    { 
      return std::vector<int> {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13}; 
    } 

    std::multimap<int, bool> getRates2() 
    { 
      return std::multimap<int, bool> { 
        { 1, true }, 
        { 1, true }, 
        { 2, false }, 
        { 3, true }, 
        { 5, true }, 
        { 8, false }, 
        { 13, true } 
      }; 
    }