To uniformly initialize objects regardless of their type, use the brace-initialization form {} that can be used for both direct initialization and copy initialization. When used with brace initialization, these are called direct list and copy list initialization.

    T object {other};   // direct list initialization 
    T object = {other}; // copy list initialization

Examples of uniform initialization are as follows:

• Standard containers:

        std::vector<int> v { 1, 2, 3 };
        std::map<int, std::string> m { {1, "one"}, { 2, "two" }};

• Dynamically allocated arrays:

        int* arr2 = new int[3]{ 1, 2, 3 };    

• Arrays:

        int arr1[3] { 1, 2, 3 }; 

• Built-in types:

        int i { 42 };
        double d { 1.2 };    

• User-defined types:

        class foo
        {
          int a_;
          double b_;
        public:
          foo():a_(0), b_(0) {}
          foo(int a, double b = 0.0):a_(a), b_(b) {}
        }; 

        foo f1{}; 
        foo f2{ 42, 1.2 }; 
        foo f3{ 42 };

• User-defined POD types:

        struct bar { int a_; double b_;};
        bar b{ 42, 1.2 };