In certain specialties, such as radiology and pathology, data is collected using photographs and images of disease, using either photographs of lesions, pathological slides, or x-ray images. An emerging area is the automated analysis of this image data to screen, diagnose, and measure the prognosis of various diseases using these images, including benign and malignant cancers, heart disease, and strokes. We discuss examples of this in the book's final chapter.