Accessories of fashion, 2–3, 5, 16–17, 21, 27, 40, 76, 84–86
Accomplishment need, 26
Actual-self, 23
Advertising, 56–58
Affiliated group, 26
Aided recall, 63
Apparel of fashion, 1–3, 5, 16–17, 21, 27, 40, 76, 84–86
Assortment depth, width, 68
Attachment theory, 92–93
Awareness, 18
Bargaining power, 39, 69
Benefits, individual, social, 86
Boutiques, 68, 71–73
Brand(s), 3, 5, 27, 29, 31, 41, 48, 50, 53–63, 67–69, 81
assortment, 68
equity, definition of, 81
international, 8, 11, 42, 73
loyalty, 93–94
national, 6, 73
national and international, 73
selective, 42
Business of ephemeral, development of, 1–9
Celebrities influence on advertising, 57
Clothes, rhythms for, 10
Clothing, 2
exports, imports, 7
Communication process, 53
elements of, 54
goal of, 63
Companies, fashion, 5–6, 13, 21, 23, 27, 50, 56, 75, 79
assumption about loyal customers, 94
bargaining power over suppliers, 39
committed to ethical organizations, 103
dictate customers choices, 32
establish rhythm of change, 33
merchandising plan, 59
need to gain people trust, 78
notoriety, importance of, 63–64
price strategies, 43–44
pricing policies, 43, 45–46
sourcing by, 38–39
Comprehension, 18–19
Conformity, 34
Conspicuous products in social interactions, importance of, 86
Consumers/customers, 14–15, 18, 26, 34, 63, 71, 91–92, 100, 105
establish places in their social environment, 47
exposed to information, 64
loyalty, 93, 96–97
perceptions of salespeople abilities, 61
targeting, 87
Corporate social responsibility, 101
Cost determinants, 37–41
Cost price (CP), 42
Degree of liberty, Venkatesan concept of, 82
Department stores, 42, 59–60, 68, 72–75
Designers, 3, 11–12, 30–32, 55, 74–75, 83, 88, 96, 104–105, 109
Developing countries, fashion industry for, 8
Diffusion process of fashion, 9–19, 75–79
Direct marketing, 61–65
Distribution, traditional channels of, 67–75
Early adopters, 15
e-commerce, 76
Economic rewards, 95
Employment in fashion industry, 8–9
Empty dressing, concept of, 104
Encoding, 54
Esteem need, 26
Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), 101
Ethics development in fashion, 97–105
Exhibitions, 55
Experimental benefits of fashion, 84–89
External communication, 53–65
Fabric, 30
Fall-Winter season, 44, 70
Fashion, 19, 107
benefits of, 81–89, 94–95
brands, 27, 75, 79, 101–102
changes every season, 11
clothing, 7
cycles, 15
definition of, 1
diffusion process of (see diffusion process of fashion)
equity, 83–84, 87
exhibits both regular and temporary cycles, 12
firms, 54, 59
import, export, 7
industry, 6, 100
instant language, 22
offers, 2
steps in, 12–13
supply, 2
trends, 4, 10–11
trucks, 74
websites, 77
weeks, 31
Fashion loyalty, 91–97
Fast-fashion
market, 4
retailers, 34, 70–72
Federal Trade Commission Act, 43
Followers, 15, 17–19
Footwear industry, 9
Functional rewards, 95
Global clothing market, 2
Global economic crisis, 2
Group
affiliated (see affiliated group)
comparative, normative functions, 25
definition of, 24
functions of, 25
influences of, 26
people attempt to respond expectations of, 26
Groups of actors, shifting influence of, 18
Half-price markdown, 45
Harrods, 73
Hedonism, 84, 86–87, 93
Hennes and Mauritz (H&M) store, 39, 43, 45, 55, 59, 71, 88
Ideal-self, 23
InCircle Program, 96
Independent stores, 68–69
Informational rewards, 95
Innovative products, 32–35
Internet, 61
Interpersonal communication, 47–53
Inventory management, 77
Jeans development study, 11
Knowledgeable salespeople, 87
Laggards, 14–15, 18
Legitimation, 19
Location, 68
Loyalty, 76, 92
Managers, fashion, 1, 5–6, 13–14, 19, 27, 45–46, 59–60, 63, 65, 87, 91, 96–97
Mango fashion retailer, 3, 43
Marketers, 41, 55, 67
Marks and Spencer, 104
Massimo Dutti fashion retailer, 3
Men role in expansion of fashion market, 3
Merchandising, 58–60
Message delivery, 54
Metrosexuals, concept of, 3–4
Modern customers, 76
Modern men participation in fashion, 3
Multichannel distribution, 74
Needs, types of, 26
Nelly Rodi, 31
Newness of fashion products, 64–65
Noise, 54
Nonstore-based strategies, 75
Notoriety
definition of, 63
pyramid, 64
Observation, 51–53. See also interpersonal communication
Obsolescence, 12
Online consumers, 78
Online fashion shoppers, 76, 78
Online sales/shopping, 75–79
Opinion leaders, 15–19
Ostentation, 85–86, 93
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), 100, 104
Personal selling, 60–61
Physiological need, 26
Pinterest, 62
Planned obsolescence theory, 11–12
Pricing fashion apparel, 37
Private labels, 88
Products, fashion, 27–32, 47, 68, 81, 83
creation and controlling of costs, 37–41
and price challenge, 41–46
variety, 29
vs innovative products, 32–35
Public relations, 55–56
Quotas, 6
Real-self, 23
Recycling, 104
Regular prices, 45
Repeated purchases, 94
Retailers, 4, 13, 43–44, 60, 62, 68–69, 76, 79
Retail positioning, 42
Retail price (RP), 37, 41, 45
Robinson–Patman Act, 43
Safety need, 26
Self-concept, 22–23
Self-congruity, 23
Self-expression, 82, 92–93
Self-image, 85
Seniors role in expansion of fashion market, 5
Sherman Antitrust Act, 43
Shipping fees, 40
Shoppers, fashion, 11, 13–15, 19, 23, 26, 33, 49, 52, 65, 69, 82, 101–102, 107
feedback, 63
influences of, 24–25
information obtained through public relations, 56
irrational consumers, 84
loyal, 94
perceptions, 55
Simmel model, 9, 16
Slow-selling products, 44
Social influences, 26
Social influence use through fashion, 24–28, 47
Social need, 26
Social networks, 61–62
Social relational rewards, 95
Social relationships, 24
Social-self, 23
Social self-expression, 82, 86, 89, 93
Spring-Summer season, 44, 70
Store-based
assortment, 77
strategies, 75
Supermarkets, 69–70
Symbolic benefit, 81–84, 87
Symbolic influence, 21–24, 47
Tangible products, 86
Teenagers
sensitive to their peers judgments, 26
target of fashion firms, 4–5
Textile, 2, 6, 9
exports, 7
industry in China and United States, 9, 99
TJMaxx, 5
Total cost, 37
Trades in fashion, 7
Traditional media, 49–50
Trends in fashion, 29–32
Unaided recall, 63–64
Unethical practices in fashion industry, 98–100
Uniqueness, 82, 86, 93
Veblen theory of leisure class, 9
Visible products, 86, 92
Wal-Mart, 31, 55
Wear and tear, concept of, 11
Web assortment, 77
Websites role in fashion, 77–79
Western shoppers, 59
Window displays, 58–60
Word of mouth, 62–63. See also interpersonal communication
benefits of, 50
central in social interactions, 50
characteristics of, 48
electronic, 48
elements of, 48–49
meaning of, 48
personal and direct contacts through, 50
superior to traditional media, 49
World clothing imports, 7
Young shoppers, 4
Zara, 14, 42–43, 71