N. Cerpa,, P. Chandler,, & J. Sweller, (1996). Some conditions under which integrated computer-based training software can facilitate learning. J. Educational Computing Research, 14(4), 344–367.
P.D. Mautone,, & R.E. Mayer, (2001). Signaling as a cognitive guide in multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(2), 377–389.
R. Moreno,, & R.E. Mayer, (1999). Cognitive principles of multimedia learning: The role of modality and contiguity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(2), 348–368.
The Misconceptions of More
Guideline 8: Pare Content Down to Essentials
Write Concise Instructional Materials
What Is an Effective Summary?
Eliminate Related But Unnecessary Technical Content
Guideline 9: Eliminate Extraneous Visuals, Text, and Audio
Omit Extraneous Words and Pictures Added for Interest
Emotional vs. Cognitive Sources of Motivation
Omit Extraneous Auditory Content
Research Applications
Guideline 10: Eliminate Redundancy in Content Delivery Modes
When Are Instructional Materials Redundant?
Don't Add Words to Self-Explanatory Visuals
Research Applications
Accommodating Audiences with Novices and Experts
Don't Describe Visuals with Words Presented in Both Text and Audio Narration
Sequence On-Screen Text After Audio to Minimize Redundancy
When to Narrate Text
Research Applications
Avoid Presenting Identical Words and Visuals in a Manual and on Computer in e-Learning
The Bottom Line
On the CD
John Sweller Video Interview
Sample Excel e-Lessons