R.E. Mayer,, A. Mathias,, & K. Wetzell, (2002). Fostering understanding of multimedia messages through pre-training: Evidence for a two-stage theory of mental model construction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8(3), 147–154.
E. Pollock,, P. Chandler,, & J. Sweller, (2002). Assimilating complex information. Learning and Instruction, 12, 61–86.
Does Practice Make Perfect?
What Is a Worked Example?
Guideline 17: Replace Some Practice Problems with Worked Examples
Acceleration of Expertise in the Classroom
The Psychology of Replacing Practice with Worked Examples
Guideline 18: Use Completion Examples to Promote Learning Processing
What Are Completion Examples?
The Psychology of Completion Examples
Guideline 19: Transition from Worked Examples to Problem Assignments with Backwards Fading
What Is Backwards Fading?
The Psychology of Fading
Applying the Research
Guideline 20: Display Worked Examples and Completion Problems in Ways That Minimize Extraneous Cognitive Load
Applying the Modality and Split Attention Principles to Worked Examples
How to Display Worked Examples
The Bottom Line
On the CD
John Sweller Video Interview
Sample Excel e-Lessons