13. Reference content and content sources

Word includes many types of reference tools that you can use to help readers locate information in or about a document. Many of these reference tools pull information directly from the document content based on its formatting. For example, you can format paragraphs as headings and then insert a table of contents built from those headings. Similarly, you can insert index tags and then generate an index that references or links to them, or insert citations and then generate a bibliography from them.

In addition, you can insert named bookmarks as anchors you can hyperlink to for cross-referencing purposes. You can also provide supporting information without interrupting the flow of the primary content by inserting information in footnotes or endnotes.

Another way to reference information that exists within a document or as a document property is by inserting a field that references the property. Changes to the property are automatically reflected in the fields that reference it. By using fields in this way, you can easily generate custom documents by updating the document properties.

This chapter guides you through procedures related to inserting bookmarks and cross-references, displaying document information in fields, inserting and modifying footnotes and endnotes, creating and modifying tables of contents, creating and modifying indexes, and citing sources and compiling bibliographies.

Whether the document you’re reading was created by you or by someone else, you can insert bookmarks to flag information to which you might want to return later. Like a physical bookmark, a Word bookmark marks a specific named place in a document. Each bookmark is identified by a unique name. (Bookmark names can contain only letters, numbers, and underscore characters.)

You can quickly go directly to any bookmark from the Bookmark dialog box, from the Go To tab of the Find And Replace dialog box, or from a hyperlink. Bookmarks are hidden by default, but you can configure Word options to display their markers. The markers indicate only the bookmark locations. Bookmarks that mark individual locations are indicated by large, gray I-beams. Bookmarks that mark spans of text are indicated by gray square brackets at the beginning and end.

I-beams and brackets indicate bookmarks

You can create cross-references to bookmarks, headings, figures, tables, numbered items, footnotes, endnotes, and equations. Word automatically creates anchors for all these items other than bookmarks. Cross-references can include hyperlinks so that selecting a cross reference in the electronic document takes the reader directly to the specified location.

Cross references become shaded when the cursor is in them

To insert a bookmark

1. Do either of the following:

   • Position the cursor in the location where you want to insert the bookmark. This is usually at the beginning of the content you want to reference.

   • Select the text you want to include in the bookmark.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Links group, select the Bookmark button to open the Bookmark dialog box.

   

   If other bookmarks exist in the document, the most recent bookmark is selected so you can quickly reinsert it

3. In the Bookmark name box, enter a name for the bookmark you want to create (or replace the name that is currently in the Bookmark Name box).

4. Select Add or press Enter.

   Tip

   Bookmark names cannot contain characters other than letters, numbers, and underscores. If you enter a prohibited character (such as a space or hyphen), the Add button becomes inactive. To name bookmarks with multiple words and maintain readability, either run the words together and capitalize each word (known as camel caps) or replace the spaces with underscores.

To display bookmarks in text

1. From the Backstage view, open the Word Options dialog box, and then select the Advanced page tab.

2. In the Show document content area of the Advanced page, select the Show bookmarks check box.

   

   You can display bookmark indicators in a document

3. Select OK.

To go to any bookmark

• Open the Bookmark dialog box, and then do either of the following:

  • In the Bookmark name list, double-click the bookmark you want to go to.

  • Select the bookmark you want to go to, and then select Go To.

Or

1. Do either of the following to display the Go To tab of the Find And Replace dialog box:

   • On the Home tab, in the Editing group, in the Find list, select Go To.

   • Press Ctrl+G.

2. In the Go to what list, select Bookmark. Then do either of the following in the Enter bookmark name list:

   • Select the bookmark you want.

   • Enter the name of the bookmark you want.

3. Select Go To.

To insert a cross-reference to a bookmark or document element

1. On the Insert tab, in the Links group, select the Cross-reference button to open the Cross-reference dialog box.

   

   You can cross-reference to many types of content

2. In the Reference type list, select the type of item you want to reference (for example, Heading).

3. In the Insert reference to list, select the text you want the cross-reference to display. (For example, when cross-referencing to a bookmark, you can display the bookmark text—when the bookmark includes a span of text—the page or paragraph number of the bookmark, or the word above or below depending on the location of the bookmark in relation to the location of the cross-reference.)

4. If you want the cross-reference to include a hyperlink, select the Insert as hyperlink check box. If you plan to distribute the document only on paper, it isn’t necessary to hyperlink the cross-reference.

5. In the For which item pane, select the specific item you want to reference.

6. Select Insert, and then select Close.

7. Review the cross-reference and add any words or punctuation necessary to assist the reader.

To go to a cross-referenced location

• In the document, hold down the Ctrl key, and then select the cross-reference.

  Tip

  Pointing to the inserted cross-reference displays a ScreenTip containing information about the cross-reference target.

  Important

  If you delete the target of a cross-reference, you must manually delete the cross-reference text by selecting and deleting it as you would any other text. If you modify an item you have designated as the target of a cross-reference, delete the existing cross-reference and create a new one.

The Field dialog box provides a comprehensive list of all the available fields

More often, however, you will insert preconfigured fields, which you can do by selecting various options on the Insert tab. For example, selecting the Date & Time button in the Text group on the Insert tab opens the Date And Time dialog box, which you can use to insert a date and time field. When you insert a date and time field, Word retrieves the date and time from your computer’s internal calendar or clock. You can set a date and time field to be updated every time you open a document or whenever you save the document, or you can lock the field so it does not update at all.

You can specify the date and time format you want

Another type of preconfigured field you might want to insert in a document—for example, in its header or footer—is one that contains a document property, such as the author, title, or last modification date. You can easily insert this type of information from the Document Property submenu of the Quick Parts menu. (If you edit the contents of the field in the document, the change is carried over to the list of properties displayed on the Info page in Backstage view.)

The Author document property automatically provides the document author’s name

To insert a date and time field

1. Position the cursor in the document where you want to insert the field.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, select the Date & Time button to open the Date And Time dialog box.

   Tip

   If you want to insert a date and time field in a header or footer, you can also open the Date And Time dialog box from the Design tool tab. For more information about headers and footers, see “Insert headers, footers, and page numbers” in Chapter 9, “Format document elements.”

3. In the Available formats list, select the date and time format you want.

4. If you want to insert the date and time as a field (rather than static text), select the Update automatically check box. The field will update each time you open the document.

5. Select OK.

To edit a date and time field so it is updated when the file is saved

1. Right-click the date and time field, and then select Edit Field to open the Field dialog box and display the properties and options for the current field.

2. In the Categories list, select Date and Time to filter the Field names list to display only the fields that relate to dates and times.

3. In the Field names list, select SaveDate.

4. In the Date formats list, select the format you want.

5. Select the Preserve formatting during updates check box.

6. Select OK.

To manually update a date and time field

• Select the field, and then select the Update button that appears above it.

• Right-click the field and select Update Field.

The field will update to the current date and time, to the date and time it was last saved, or to the date and time it was last printed, depending on the setting of the field.

To lock a selected date and time field

• Press Ctrl+F11.

  Tip

  To unlock the field, select it, and then press Ctrl+Shift+F11.

To insert a document property field

• On the Insert tab, in the Text group, select the Quick Parts button, select Document Property, and then select the document property you want to insert.

You can insert document property fields into your document

You can insert and manage footnotes and endnotes by using the commands in the Footnotes group on the References tab.

Footnotes appear on the same page as their reference marks, and endnotes appear at the end of the document

You can use commands in the Footnote And Endnote dialog box to change various settings, such as where the footnote or endnote should appear, how it should be laid out, and what number format to use. By default, footnote reference marks use the 1, 2, 3 number format, and endnote reference marks use the i, ii, iii number format.

To insert a footnote

1. Click in the document where you want the footnote reference mark to appear.

2. On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, select Insert Footnote.

3. Word creates a blank footnote at the bottom of the page and displays a blinking cursor. Enter the footnote text, and then click anywhere outside of the footnote area to return to the document.

To insert an endnote

1. Click in the document where you want the endnote reference mark to appear.

2. On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, select Insert Endnote.

3. Word creates a blank endnote at the end of the document and displays a blinking cursor. Enter the endnote text, and then click anywhere outside of the endnote area to return to the document.

To convert a footnote to an endnote

• Right-click the footnote, and then select Convert to Endnote.

To convert an endnote to a footnote

• Right-click the endnote, and then select Convert to Footnote.

To move among footnote or endnote references

• On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, select the Next Footnote button.

• In the Footnotes group, in the Next Footnote list, select Next Footnote, Previous Footnote, Next Endnote, or Previous Endnote.

To display footnotes or endnotes

• Double-click a reference mark in the body of the document to display its corresponding footnote or endnote.

• On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, select the Show Notes button to display the list of footnotes or endnotes.

To change the number format of footnotes or endnotes

1. On the References tab, select the Footnotes dialog box launcher to open the Footnote And Endnote dialog box.

2. In the Location area of the Footnote and Endnote dialog box, select Footnotes or Endnotes to indicate the element you want to modify.

3. In the Format area, in the Number format list, select the number format you want to use.

4. Select Apply.

To delete a footnote or endnote

• In the document text, select the footnote or endnote marker, and then press Delete.

The table of contents is a field that can be updated

By default, Word creates a table of contents based on the document headings (as indicated by the styles Heading 1, Heading 2, and so on). Word can also create a table of contents based on outline levels or on fields you insert in the document. When you tell Word to create a table of contents, Word identifies the entries and inserts the table at the cursor as a single field.

The Table Of Contents controls are available from the References tab. In the Table Of Contents gallery, you can select from three standard options:

• Automatic Table 1 This option inserts the heading Contents and a table of contents that references all Heading 1, Heading 2, and Heading 3 paragraphs.

• Automatic Table 2 This option inserts the heading Table of Contents and a table of contents that references all Heading 1, Heading 2, and Heading 3 paragraphs.

• Manual Table This option inserts the heading Table of Contents and a table of contents that contains placeholders that don’t reference any specific document content.

You can choose from three main options in the Table Of Contents gallery

Entries in a table of contents are formatted by using nine levels of built-in TOC styles (TOC 1, TOC 2, and so on). By default, Word uses the styles assigned in the template attached to the document. If you want to use a different style, you can create a custom table from the Table Of Contents dialog box. Here, you can choose from several formats, including Classic, Distinctive, Fancy, Modern, Formal, and Simple. (The Print Preview and Web Preview panes display a preview of the selected format.) You can also apply a different leader—that is, the set of characters used between the text and the corresponding page number in the table of contents. After you create a table of contents, you can format it manually by selecting text and then applying character or paragraph formatting or styles. (However, if you regenerate the table, the manual formatting will be replaced, so do this only after the table is final.)

You can choose a different set of formatting styles for your table of contents

You can modify the elements on which Word bases the table at any time, and update the table with a single click to reflect your changes. If you change a heading in the document or if edits to the text change the page breaks, you can update the table of contents to reflect those changes. You have the option of updating only the page numbers or, if you have changed, added, or deleted headings, you can update (re-create) the entire table.

If headings or page breaks change, you can easily update the table of contents

You can use the table of contents to navigate within your document. For example, you can hold down the Ctrl key and click on a heading in a table of contents to access the corresponding section in the text.

Hyperlink navigation functionality is built in to the table of contents

To insert a table of contents for a document with headings

1. Position the cursor in the document where you want to insert the table of contents.

2. On the References tab, in the Table of Contents group, select the Table of Contents button to display the Table of Contents menu.

3. In the Table of Contents gallery, select the table of contents style you want.

To create a custom table of contents

1. Position the cursor in the document where you want to add a custom table of contents.

2. On the References tab, in the Table of Contents group, select the Table of Contents button, and then select Custom Table of Contents to open the Table Of Contents dialog box.

3. In the General area of the Table of Contents tab, do the following:

   • In the Formats list, select the style set you want to apply to the TOC elements.

   • If you want to change the formatting, select Modify, redefine the formatting of each TOC level you want to change, and then select OK.

   • In the Show levels list, select the number of outline levels you want the TOC to include.

   • If you want to include only specific styles in the TOC, select Options, select the styles you want and clear the selection of the styles you don’t want, and then select OK.

   The Print Preview and Web Preview panes reflect your changes.

4. In the Print Preview area of the tab, do the following:

   • If you want to exclude page numbers from the TOC, clear the Show page numbers check box.

   • If you want to display the page numbers immediately after the TOC entries, clear the Right align page numbers check box.

   • In the Tab leader list, select the leader option you want.

5. Select OK.

To update a table of contents

1. Do either of the following to display the Update Table Of Contents dialog box:

   • Click anywhere in the table of contents to select it, and then select the Update button that appears above the table.

     Tip

     The table of contents is contained in one large field. When you select it, you select the entire field. If you accidentally delete the table of contents, you can select the Undo button or press Ctrl+Z to bring it back. For information about fields, see “Display document information in fields” earlier in this chapter.

   • On the References tab, in the Table of Contents group, select the Update Table button.

2. In the dialog box, do either of the following:

   • Select Update page numbers only to update the page numbers but not the headings.

   • Select Update entire table to update the headings and page numbers.

3. Select OK.

To jump to a location in the document from the table of contents

1. Point to any entry in the table of contents.

2. Press and hold the Ctrl key. The pointer changes to a hand.

3. Select the entry to move directly to that heading.

To delete a table of contents

1. On the References tab, in the Table of Contents group, select the Table of Contents button.

2. Select Remove Table of Contents.

You can generate an index for your document to help readers find important topics

In the index, an entry might apply to a word or phrase that appears on one page or that is discussed on several pages. The entry might have related subentries. For example, in the index to this book, the main index entry text effects might have below it the subentries applying and live preview of. An index might also include cross-reference entries that direct readers to related entries. For example, the main index entry text wrapping breaks might be cross-referenced to line breaks. You can use cross references to direct readers to index terms they might not think of when looking for specific information.

Before you can generate an index for your document, you must insert index entry fields throughout the document. Word then compiles the entries in these fields into the index. To insert an index entry field into the document, you use the Mark Index Entry dialog box. In this dialog box, you can do the following:

• Modify the selected text to alter how it appears in the index.

• Add a subentry.

• Designate the entry as a cross-reference, one-page entry, or, if the selected text spans multiple pages, a page-range entry. In the case of page-range entries, Word creates a bookmark for the selected text and prompts you to enter a name for it in the Mark Index Entry dialog box.

• Format the page number associated with the entry—for example, to make it appear bold or italic in the index.

You can edit, add a subentry to, and otherwise adjust the index entry in this dialog box

After you set the options in the dialog box, you can insert an index entry field adjacent to the selected text by selecting Mark, or adjacent to every occurrence of the selected text in the document by selecting Mark All.

Index entry fields are formatted as hidden. They are not visible unless you display formatting marks and hidden characters. When the index entry field is visible, the entry appears in the document enclosed in quotation marks within a set of braces, with the designator XE and a dotted underline.

To compile an index based on the index entries in a document, you work in the Index dialog box.

You use the Index dialog box to set up the index

In this dialog box, you can specify the following:

• Whether the index formatting should use styles from the current template or be based on one of four predefined formats, which you can preview in the Print Preview box

• Whether page numbers should be right-aligned, and if so, whether they should have dotted, dashed, or solid tab leaders

• Whether the index should be indented, with each subentry on a separate line below its main entry, or run-in, with subentries on the same line as the main entries

• The number of columns you want

When you select OK in the Index dialog box, Word calculates the page numbers of all the entries and subentries, consolidates them, and inserts the index as one field in the specified format at the specified location in the document.

You can edit the text of the index generated from the entries, but the changes you make are not permanent. If you regenerate the index, the original entries will be restored. It is more efficient to edit the text within the quotation marks in the index entry fields. You can move and copy index entries by using the same techniques you would for regular text. If you make changes to a document that affect index entries or page numbering, you can update the index.

To mark a word or short phrase as an index entry

1. Select the word or phrase you want to mark. Then do any of the following to open or activate the Mark Index Entry dialog box:

   • On the References tab, in the Index group, select the Mark Entry button.

   • Press Alt+Shift+X.

   • If the Mark Index Entry dialog box is already open, select its title bar.

   Notice that the selected word or phrase has already been entered in the Main Entry box.

2. If you want, select the text and enter text—for example, making a word plural or lowercase.

   Tip

   Index entries appear in the index exactly as they appear in the Mark Index Entry dialog box. For consistency, make all nouns (except proper nouns) plural and lowercase, and all verbs gerund (ending in “ing”).

3. Do either of the following:

   • Select Mark to insert an index entry field next to just this occurrence of the selected word or phrase.

   • Select Mark All to insert index entry fields adjacent to every occurrence of the selected word or phrase in the document.

To mark text that is longer than one page as an index entry

1. Select the text segment you want to mark.

2. Open the Mark Index Entry dialog box or, if it is already open, select its title bar to activate it.

3. The selected text appears in the Main Entry box. Replace the text segment with an appropriate index entry.

4. Select Page range.

5. In the Bookmark field, enter a bookmark name for the selected text.

   Tip

   Bookmark names can contain only numbers, letters, and underscore characters. To name bookmarks with multiple words, either run the words together and capitalize each word or replace the spaces with underscores for readability.

6. Select the Mark button.

To add a cross-reference to an index entry

1. After marking a word, phrase, or longer text as an index entry, without leaving the Mark Index Entry dialog box, in the Options area, select the Cross-reference option. Notice that the cursor moves to the space after the word See in the adjacent box.

2. Without moving the cursor, enter the text you want to use for a cross-reference. This text should exactly match another index entry in the document.

3. Select Mark to insert a cross-reference to the new index entry adjacent to the current index entry.

To enter a subentry for an index entry

1. Select the word or phrase you want to mark.

2. Open the Mark Index Entry dialog box or, if it is already open, select its title bar to activate it.

3. In the Subentry box, enter the subentry.

4. Select Mark to insert an index entry with the entry and subentry separated by a colon.

To edit an index entry

• Click within the index entry in the document (not in the Mark Index Entry dialog box) and then make the changes you want.

To insert an index in a document

1. In a document with previously marked index entries, position the cursor where you want to insert the index—usually at the end of the document.

2. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, select the Show/Hide ¶ button to hide formatting marks, fields, and content formatted as hidden.

   Important

   When hidden content is visible, the document might not be paginated correctly. Always turn off the display of formatting marks and hidden characters before creating an index.

3. On the References tab, in the Index group, select the Insert Index button to open the Index dialog box.

4. Optionally, change the number of columns and the format.

5. Select OK to compile an index based on the index entries you previously marked.

To delete an index entry

1. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, select the Show/Hide ¶ button to show formatting marks, fields, and content formatted as hidden.

2. Scroll to the index entry you want to delete.

3. Select the entire entry and press the Delete key.

   Tip

   Dragging through any part of an index entry field that includes one of the enclosing braces selects the entire field. If you find it hard to select only the entry, try pointing to the right of the closing brace ( } ) and dragging slightly to the left.

To update an index

• Click anywhere in the index, and then, on the References tab, in the Index group, select the Update Index button.

• Right-click the index and then select Update Field.

A bibliography formatted to meet the specifications of The Chicago Manual of Style, Sixteenth Edition

Word offers a tool, called the Source Manager, to help you keep track of sources and to ensure that you reference them in the proper format. When you enter source information, Word stores the information in a separate file on your computer’s hard drive so you can cite the sources in any document you create. The Source Manager offers easy access to this master list of sources, in addition to access to the list of sources cited in your current document.

The Source Manager accumulates sources from all documents, so if other documents already contain citations, their source information might appear here

To create sources, you use the Create Source dialog box. In this dialog box, you can select the type of source—for example, whether it’s a book, a journal article, or other type of source. You can then enter the author of the source, the title of the source, and other key information. If the source has multiple authors, you can open the Edit Name dialog box to enter them all.

Record information about content sources for your bibliography

Within your document, you can cite the sources you create by using the Source Manager dialog box or by using the Insert Citation menu available from the Citations & Bibliography group of the References tab. You can also use the Insert Citation menu to create new citations as you work and to set placeholders for citations, which you can fill in later. When you add a citation to the document, it appears alongside the associated text in the format you specified—for example, The Chicago Manual of Style.

This document includes a citation

If you know you need to insert a citation, but you don’t have all the information about your source handy, you can insert a placeholder. Then, when you gather the information you need, you can update the placeholder.

After you enter citations in a document, you can compile their sources into a list with one of three headings: Bibliography, References, or Works Cited. (The heading you choose is usually specified by the organization or person for whom you are preparing the document, such as your company, your instructor, or the publication in which you intend to publish the document.) You can also insert a source list without a heading.

You can choose from three built-in styles or insert a bibliography with no heading

When you compile a bibliography, Word inserts it at the cursor as one field. You can edit the text of a bibliography, but if the source information changes, it is more efficient to edit the source in the Source Manager and then update the bibliography the same way you would update a table of contents or index.

To set the style rules for citations

1. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, display the Style list.

   

   The available styles change from time to time

2. In the style list, select the style guide you want Word to use when creating the bibliography.

To create a bibliography source

1. In the Citations & Bibliography group, select the Manage Sources button to open the Source Manager dialog box.

2. In the Source Manager dialog box, select New to open the Create Source dialog box.

3. In the Type of Source list, select the type of source (book or magazine, for example) you want to add.

   Important

   The fields in the Bibliography Fields For section and the required data vary depending on the type of source and style guide you select.

4. In the Bibliography Fields for Style area, enter the required bibliographic data.

5. Select OK to add the source to both the Master List and the Current List.

To create a source with multiple authors

1. In the Create Source dialog box, select Edit to open the Edit Name dialog box.

2. In the Add name area, enter an author’s name in the Last, First, and/or Middle boxes, and then select Add to add the name to the Names box.

3. Repeat step 2 to add other authors, selecting Add after each author.

   

   If a source has more than one author, create a multiple-name entity

4. Reorder the names as needed by selecting a name in the Names box and then selecting the Up or Down button to change its place in the order.

5. When you are finished adding authors, select OK.

6. In the Create Source dialog box, enter the bibliographic data, and then select OK.

7. In the Source Manager dialog box, select Close.

To insert a citation to an existing source in a document

1. Position the cursor in the document at the location where you want to insert a citation.

2. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, select the Insert Citation button to display the list of available sources.

   

   You can cite sources from the Insert Citation menu

3. On the Insert Citation menu, select a source to insert it in the document.

To create a source while inserting a citation

1. On the Insert Citation menu, select Add New Source to open the Create Source dialog box.

2. Enter source information as described in the procedure “To create a bibliography source” earlier in this topic.

3. Select OK to add the citation to the document and add the source information to both the Master List and the Current List in the Source Manager.

To insert a citation placeholder

1. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, select Insert Citation, and then select Add New Placeholder.

2. In the Placeholder Name dialog box, enter a descriptive name for the placeholder (without spaces), and then select OK.

To update a placeholder

1. Do either of the following:

   • Select the placeholder in the document, select the arrow that appears, and then select Edit Source.

   • In the Source Manager dialog box, in the Current List box, select the placeholder, and then select Edit.

2. In the Edit Source dialog box, enter the necessary source information, and then select OK.

To generate and insert a bibliography

1. In the Citations & Bibliography group, select the Bibliography button to display the Bibliography gallery.

2. Select a bibliography format from the gallery to insert a bibliography containing all the citations in the document in alphabetical order.

To update a bibliography

• Select anywhere in the bibliography to activate it. Then above the bibliography, select the Update Citations and Bibliography button.

• Right-click the bibliography, and then select Update Field.

The introduction includes a complete list of practice files and download instructions.

1. Position the cursor at the beginning of the 10. Building Maintenance heading (don’t select any text).

2. Insert a bookmark named BuildingMaintenance.

3. In section 10.3, select the bulleted list, and then add a bookmark named LimitedCommonAreas.

4. Use the commands on the Advanced page of the Word Options dialog box to display bookmarks in the document.

5. Use any of the methods described in this chapter to go to each bookmark in turn.

6. At the end of section 4.2, enter See also followed by a space and a period.

7. Position the cursor before the period, and then insert a hyperlinked cross-reference to the section 6 heading.

8. Use the cross-reference to go directly to section 6.

9. Save and close the document.

1. Display the document’s headers and footers.

2. Activate the document footer, and then position the cursor at the left end of the footer.

3. Use the commands in the Date and Time dialog box to insert a field that displays both the date and time and that updates automatically.

4. Edit the field to change it to a SaveDate field that displays both the date and time and preserves formatting during updates.

5. Save the document.

6. Update the footer to display the time you saved the document.

7. Lock the SaveDate field, and then save the document again.

8. Right-click the field. Notice that the Update Field command is not available.

9. Unlock the SaveDate field.

10. In the middle of the footer, insert the Author document property field.

11. If your name doesn’t appear in the field, display the Info page of the Backstage view, expand the Properties list to include the Author property, and enter yourself as the author. Then return to the document to verify that the field displays your name.

12. Save and close the document.

1. In the first paragraph after the heading Moving to a New Home, locate the word mulch. Insert a footnote immediately after the word.

2. In the footnote area at the bottom of the page, enter Grass makes a good mulch, because it’s high in nitrogen and silica.

3. In the second paragraph under the heading Moving to a New Home, insert an endnote immediately after the word trench.

4. In the endnote area at the end of the document, enter Examine the trench each fall to determine whether any rhizomes have tried to cross it. If so, cut them off.

5. Convert the endnote to a footnote.

6. Move the cursor to the beginning of the document, and then go to the first footnote reference.

7. Double-click the footnote reference mark to display the corresponding footnote.

8. Display the list of footnotes in the document.

9. Change the format of the footnote markers from numbers to symbols. Notice the effect of the change.

10. Save and close the document.

1. With the cursor positioned at the beginning of the document, insert an Automatic Style 2 table of contents. Review the table of contents, and then delete it.

2. Position the cursor at the beginning of the document, and then open the Table of Contents dialog box.

3. Use the commands in the dialog box to insert a Formal table of contents with no tab leader.

4. From the table of contents, go directly to the Phone System heading in the document.

5. In the heading, replace the word Phone with Telecommunications.

6. Update the entire table of contents, and verify that it reflects the change in the heading.

7. Save and close the document.

1. At the beginning of the document, in the first bulleted list item, select the word Declaration. Then mark all instances of that word in the document as index entries.

2. In section 2.3, select the word sports. Mark only this instance of the word as an index entry.

3. In section 3.2, select the word animal. Mark all instances of the word as index entries, but change the main entry to animals.

4. In section 3.3, in the first bulleted list item, select the word dog. Mark all instances of the word as index entries. Then add a See cross-reference from dog to animals.

5. In section 5.1, mark the first instance of the word garbage as an index entry. Then add the subentry recycling.

6. In section 11.4, select the entire bulleted list.

7. In the Mark Index Entry dialog box, replace the text in the Main entry box with delinquency.

8. In the Options area of the dialog box, select Page Range.

9. In the Bookmark field, enter delinquency. Then select Mark.

10. If you want to create a more extensive index, add other index entries.

11. Position the cursor at the end of the document, after the Index heading.

12. Hide formatting marks so they don’t affect the page numbers of the index entries.

13. Insert an index in the Simple format, with page numbers right-aligned and with dots as tab leaders. Review the index. Notice that the delinquency entry points to an invalid bookmark.

14. Show formatting marks, fields, and content formatted as hidden.

15. In section 11.4, delete the delinquency index entry.

16. Hide formatting marks, and then update the index.

17. Save and close the document.

1. Set the bibliography style to Chicago Sixteenth Edition.

2. Create a new source in the Source Manager by using the following information:

   Type of Source: Book

   Author: Jeremy Nelson

   Title: Big Bad Bamboo

   Year: 2015

   Publisher: Litware, Inc.

3. Create a second source in the Source Manager, this time using the commands in the Edit Name dialog box to accommodate multiple authors. Use the following information:

   Type of Source: Book

   Authors: Lisa Miller and Harry Miller

   Title: Bamboo, Family Style

   Year: 2014

   Publisher: Lucerne Publishing

4. Close the Source Manager dialog box.

5. In the first paragraph of the document, position the cursor immediately after Big Bad Bamboo, and then insert the Nelson citation.

6. Position the cursor immediately after Bamboo, Family Style, and then insert the Miller citation.

7. Move the cursor to the end of the document, and then insert the bibliography. Use the Bibliography option.

8. In the first paragraph of the document, position the cursor after Entire books have been written on the subject, and insert a new citation with the following information:

   Type of Source: Web site

   Corporate Author: American Bamboo Society

   Name of Web Page: Bamboo Resources

   Year: 2010

   URL: www.americanbamboo.org/bamboo-resources.php

9. Update the bibliography and verify that it includes the new citation.

10. Save and close the document.