Contents

Contributors

Foreword

WIESLAW WOSZCZYK

Acknowledgements

Introduction

AGNIESZKA ROGINSKA AND PAUL GELUSO

 1 Perception of Spatial Sound

ELIZABETH M. WENZEL, DURAND R. BEGAULT, AND MARTINE GODFROY-COOPER

Auditory Physiology

Human Sound Localization

Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) and Virtual Acoustics

Neural Plasticity in Sound Localization

Distance and Environmental Context Perception

Conclusion

 2 History of 3D Sound

BRAXTON BOREN

Introduction

Prehistory

Ancient History

Space and Polyphony

Spatial Separation in the Renaissance

Spatial Innovations in Acoustic Music

3D Sound Technology

Technology and Spatial Music

Conclusions and Thoughts for the Future

 3 Stereo

PAUL GELUSO

Stereo Systems

Creating a Stereo Image

Stereo Enhancement

Summary

 4 Binaural Audio Through Headphones

AGNIESZKA ROGINSKA

Headphone Reproduction

Binaural Sound Capture

HRTF Measurement

Binaural Synthesis

Inside-the-Head Locatedness

Advanced HRTF Techniques

Quality Assessment

Binaural Reproduction Methods

Headphone Equalization and Calibration

Conclusions

Appendix: Near Field

 5 Binaural Audio Through Loudspeakers

EDGAR CHOUEIRI

Introduction

The Fundamental XTC Problem

Constant-Parameter Regularization

Frequency-Dependent Regularization

The Analytical BACCH Filter

Individualized BACCH Filters

Conclusions

Appendix A: Derivation of the Optimal XTC Filter

Appendix B: Numerical Verification

 6 Surround Sound

FRANCIS RUMSEY

The Evolution of Surround Sound

Surround Sound Formats

Surround Sound Delivery and Coding

Surround Sound Monitoring

Surround Sound Recording Techniques

Perceptual Evaluation

Predictive Models of Surround Sound Quality

 7 Height Channels

SUNGYOUNG KIM

Background

Fundamental Psychoacoustics of Height-Channel Perception

Multichannel Reproduction Systems With Height Channels

Recording With Height Channels

Conclusion

 8 Object-Based Audio

NICOLAS TSINGOS

Introduction

Spatial Representation and Rendering of Audio Objects

Advanced Metadata and Applications of Object-Based Representations

Managing Complexity of Object-Based Content

Audio Object Coding

Capturing Audio Objects

Tradeoffs of Object-Based Representations

Object-Based Loudness Estimation and Control

Object-Based Program Interchange and Delivery

Conclusion

 9 Sound Field

ROZENN NICOL

Introduction

Development of the Sound Field

Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA)

Sound Field Synthesis

Sound Field Formats

Conclusion

Appendix A: Mathematics and Physics of Sound Field

Appendix B: Mathematical Derivation of W, X, Y, Z

Appendix C: The Optimal Number of Loudspeakers

10 Wave Field Synthesis

THOMAS SPORER, KARLHEINZ BRANDENBURG, SANDRA BRIX, AND CHRISTOPH SLADECZEK

Motivation and History

Separation of Sound Objects and Room

WFS Reproduction: Challenges and Solutions

WFS With Elevation

Audio Metadata and WFS

Applications Based on WFS and Hybrid Schemes

WFS and Object-Based Sound Production

11 Applications of Extended Multichannel Techniques

BRETT LEONARD

Source Panning and Spreading

An Immersive Overhaul for Preexisting Content

Considerations in Mixing for Film and Games

Envelopment

Musings on Immersive Mixing

Index