Index of 3.0 Topics

Operators

=> (equal sign, greater than) lambda operator, 517

A

Action delegates, 524–525

Aggregate functions, 618

Anonymous functions, 516, 517

Anonymous methods, internals, 527–528

Anonymous types

definition, 572

generating, 578

implicit local variables, 572–576

in query expressions, 625–626

type incompatibilities, 576–577

type safety, 576–577

var keyword, 572–576

AsParallel() operator, 595

Automatically implemented properties

description, 240–242

internals, 254

Average() method, 618

B

BinaryExpression, 535

bool, returning in lambda expressions, 520

C

C++ vs. C#

var keyword, 575

Variant, 575

void*, 575

Caching data, 600

Captured variables, 528–530

Capturing loop variables, 531–533

Cartesian products, 608, 638–639

Chaining multicast delegates, 555

Class collections, filtering, 591

Classes, inextensible, 273–275

Closed over variables, 528–530

Closures, 531

Collection initializers

definition, 578

initializing anonymous type arrays, 581–582

initializing collections, 579

Collections

class, filtering, 591

discarding duplicate members, 639–640

filtering, 622

projecting, 622

returning distinct members, 639–640

Collections, sorting

by file size, 633–634

orderby clause, 632–633

with query expressions, 632–633

Compile() method, 535

Concat() operator, 618

Constructors, object initializers, 257–259

Continuation clauses, query expressions with LINQ, 637–638

Count() method, 595–596, 618

D

DefaultIfEmpty(), 613–614

Deferred execution

description, 597–598

expression trees, 630–631

implementing, 630–631

query expressions with LINQ, 627–631

unintended triggering of standard query operators, 600–601

Delegates

contravariance, 526–527

covariance, 526–527

creating with a statement lambda, 517–518

deferred execution, 630–631

vs. expression trees, 536–537

general purpose, 524–525

guidelines, 525

passing with expression lambdas, 520

structural equality, 526–527

System.Action, 524–525

System.Func, 524–525

Derivation, extension methods, 299

DirectoryInfoExtension.Copy() method, 275–277

Discarding duplicate members, query expressions with LINQ, 639–640

Distinct() operator, 618, 639–641

E

Error handling, multicast delegates, 554–556

Explicitly declared parameter types, 518

Expression lambdas, 520

Expression trees

BinaryExpression, 535

building LINQ queries, 537–538

Compile() method, 535

deferred execution, 630–631

definition, 533

vs. delegates, 536–537

examining, 538–541

lambda expressions as data, 534–535

LoopExpression, 535

MethodCallExpression, 535

NewExpression, 535

as object graphs, 535–536

ParameterExpression, 535

UnaryExpression, 535

Extension methods, 275–277, 341–343

F

FileInfo collections, projecting, 633–634

FileInfo object, 593, 625, 633

Filtering collections

class collections, Where() method, 597–598

collections, 591, 622, 631–632

query expressions with LINQ, 631–632

where clause, 631–632

Where() method, 591

Filtering with Where(), 591–592, 597–598

Flattening a sequence of sequences, query expressions with LINQ, 638–639

from clause, query expressions with LINQ, 623–624, 638–639

Full outer join, definition, 604

Func delegates, 524–525

G

GetType() method, 520

group by clause, query expressions with LINQ, 635–637

GroupBy() method, grouping results, 610–611

group clause, query expressions with LINQ, 623

Grouping query results, 634–637

GroupJoin() method, 611–613

I

IListable interface, 342–343

Implicitly typed local variables, declaring, 60–61

In type parameter, 526

Inner join, 604, 607–610

Instance methods, adding to a class, 276

Interfaces, extension methods, 341–343

Intersect() operator, 618

into keyword, query expressions with LINQ, 637

IQueryable<T> interface, custom LINQ providers, 619

J

JavaScript vs. C#

var keyword, 575

Variant, 575

void*, 575

Join() method, 607–610

Join operations, standard query operators

Cartesian products, 608

DefaultIfEmpty(), 613–614

full outer join, 604

grouping results with GroupBy(), 610–611

inner join, 604, 607–610

introduction, 603–604

left outer join, 604

many-to-many relationships, 604

normalized data, 607–608

one-to-many relationships, 604

one-to-many relationships, with GroupJoin(), 611–613

outer joins, with GroupJoin(), 613–614

outer joins, with SelectMany(), 613–616

right outer join, 604

L

Lambda expressions

=> (equal sign, greater than) lambda operator, 517

captured variables, 528–530

capturing loop variables, 531–533

closed over variables, 528–530

closures, 531

as data, 534–535

definition, 516

explicitly declared parameter types, 518

expression lambdas, 520

GetType() method, 520

guidelines, 518

internals, 527–528

lifetime of captured variables, 530

notes and examples, 521–522

outer variable CIL implementation, 530–531

outer variables, 528–530

predicate, definition, 520, 591

returning a bool, 520

sequence of operations, 599

statement lambdas, 517–519

typeof() operator, 520

Left outer join, definition, 604

let clause, query expressions with LINQ, 633–634

Lifetime of captured variables, 530

Local variables, implicitly typed, 60–61

Loop variables, capturing, 531–533

LoopExpression, 535

M

Many-to-many relationships, definition, 604

Max() method, 618

MethodCallExpression, 535

Methods, partial, 285–288

Min() method, 618

Monads, definition, 591

Multicast delegates

chaining, 555

error handling, 554–556

N

.NET versions, 29

NewExpression, 535

Normalized data, 607–608

O

Object initializers

calling, 257–259

definition, 257

OfType() operator, 618

One-to-many relationships, 604, 611–613

orderby clause, sorting collections, 632–633

OrderByDescending(), 602

OrderBy() method, sorting class collections, 601–603

Outer joins

with GroupJoin(), 613–614

with SelectMany(), 613–616

Outer variables, 528–531

P

ParameterExpression, 535

Partial methods, 285–288

Predicate

definition, 520, 591

filtering class collections, 591

Projecting collections

definition, 622

FileInfo collections, 633–634

with query expressions, 624–627

Properties, automatically implemented

description, 240–242

internals, 254

Q

Query expressions with LINQ

code example, 622–623

continuation clauses, 637–638

deferred execution, 627–631

definition, 621

discarding duplicate members, 639–640

filtering collections, 631–632

flattening a sequence of sequences, 638–639

from clause, 623–624, 638–639

group by clause, 635–637

group clause, 623

grouping query results, 634–637

guidelines, 641

into keyword, 637

introduction, 622–624

let clause, 633–634

projecting collections, 624–627

range variables, 622–623

returning distinct members, 639–640

select clause, 623–624

sorting collections, 632–633

translating to method calls, 640–641

where clause, 623–624

Query results, grouping, 634–637

Queryable extensions, 619

R

Race conditions, 595

Range variables, query expressions with LINQ, 622–623

Returning distinct members, query expressions with LINQ, 639–640

Reverse() operator, 618

Right outer join, definition, 604

Running LINQ queries in parallel, 594–595

S

Sample classes, 588–591

select clause, query expressions with LINQ, 623–624

Select() method, 592–594, 615–616

SelectMany() method

calling, 614–616

creating outer joins, 613–616

vs. Select(), 615–616

Sequence diagram, 599

SequenceEquals() operator, 618

Sorting, collections

by file size, 633–634

orderby clause, 632–633

with query expressions, 632–633

Sorting, standard query operators

ascending order ThenBy(), 601–603

ascending order with OrderBy(), 601–603

descending order with OrderByDescending(), 602

descending order with ThenByDescending(), 602

Standard query operators

AsParallel(), 595

caching data, 600

Concat(), 618

counting elements with Count(), 595–596

deferred execution, 597–598, 600–601

definition, 588

Distinct(), 618

filtering with Where(), 591–592, 597–598

guidelines, 596, 641

Intersect(), 618

OfType(), 618

queryable extensions, 619

race conditions, 595

Reverse(), 618

running LINQ queries in parallel, 594–595

sample classes, 588–591

sequence diagram, 599

SequenceEquals(), 618

System.Linq.Enumerable method calls, 616–617

table of, 618

Union(), 618

Standard query operators, join operations

Cartesian products, 608

DefaultIfEmpty(), 613–614

full outer join, 604

grouping results with GroupBy(), 610–611

inner join, 604, 607–610

introduction, 603–604

left outer join, 604

many-to-many relationships, 604

normalized data, 607–608

one-to-many relationships, 604

one-to-many relationships, with GroupJoin(), 611–613

outer joins, with GroupJoin(), 613–614

outer joins, with SelectMany(), 613–616

right outer join, 604

Standard query operators, sorting

ascending order ThenBy(), 601–603

ascending order with OrderBy(), 601–603

descending order with OrderByDescending(), 602

descending order with ThenByDescending(), 602

Statement lambdas, 517–519

Structural equality, delegates, 526–527

Sum() method, 618

System.Action delegates, 524–525

System.Func delegates, 524–525

System.Linq.Enumerable class

aggregate functions, 618

Average() method, 618

Count() method, 618

GroupBy() method, grouping results, 610–611

GroupJoin() method, 611–613

Join() method, 607–610

Max() method, 618

Min() method, 618

Select() method, 592–594

Sum() method, 618

System.Linq.Enumerable method calls, 616–617

T

ThenBy(), 601–603

ThenByDescending(), 602

ToArray() method, 600

ToDictionary() method, 600

ToList() method, 600

ToLookup() method, 600

Translating query expressions to method calls, 640–641

Typeof() operator, lambda expressions, 520

Types

anonymous, 61, 263–265

implicitly typed local variables, 60–61

U

UnaryExpression, 535

Union() operator, 618

V

var keyword

anonymous types, 572–576

C++ vs. C#, 575

declaring implicitly typed local variables, 60–61

JavaScript vs. C#, 575

Visual Basic vs. C#, 575

Variant

C++ vs. C#, 575

JavaScript vs. C#, 575

Visual Basic vs. C#, 575

Visual Basic vs. C#

var keyword, 575

Variant, 575

void*, 575

void*

C++ vs. C#, 575

JavaScript vs. C#, 575

Visual Basic vs. C#, 575

W

where clause

filtering collections, 631–632

query expressions with LINQ, 623–624

Where() method, filtering class collections, 597–598