Index of 4.0 Topics

Operators

.... (periods), download progress indicator, 779

A

Action delegates, 524–525

AggregateException, 762–765, 803–804

AggregateException.Flatten() method, 780

AggregateException.Handle() method, 764, 780

Antecedent tasks, 757

Arity (number of type parameters), 471–472

Arrays, unsafe covariance, 497–498

AsParallel() operator, 595

AspNetSynchronizationContext, 794

async keyword, 781–786, 795–798

Asynchronous continuations, 756–762

Asynchronous high-latency operations with the TPL, 777–781

Asynchronous lambdas, 786–787

Asynchronous tasks, multithreading

AggregateException.Handle() method, 764

antecedent tasks, 757

associating data with tasks, 755

asynchronous continuations, 756–762

AsyncState, 755

chaining tasks, 757

cold tasks, 752

composing large tasks from smaller one, 756–758

continuation tasks, 757

ContinueWith() method, 756–758, 760–761, 764–765

control flow, 755

creating threads and tasks, 750–751

hot tasks, 752

Id property, 755

introduction, 751–755

invoking, 751–753

IsCompleted property, 754

multithreaded programming complexities, 749–750

observing unhandled exceptions, 764–765

polling a Task<T>, 753–754

registering for notification of task behavior, 760–761

registering for unhandled exceptions, 766–768

Result property, 754

Status property, 754

synchronous delegates, 751

task continuation, 755–762

task identification, 755

task scheduler, 750–751

task status, getting, 754

TaskContinuationOptions enums, 758–759

tasks, definition, 750

tasks vs. delegates, 751

unhandled exception handling with AggregateException, 762–765

unhandled exceptions on a thread, 765–768

UnhandledException event, 766

AsyncState, 755

AttachedToParent enum, 758

await keyword, 781–786, 791–792, 795–798

await operators, 797–798

Awaiting non-Task<T> values, 791–792

B

BlockingCollection<T>, 840

Break() method, 808

Breaking parallel loop iterations, 808

C

Canceling

cooperative cancellation, 769

parallel loop iterations, 805–806

tasks. See Multithreading, canceling tasks.

CancellationToken object, 769–772

CancellationTokenSource.Cancel() method, 770–771

Chaining tasks, 757

Cold tasks, 752

Composing large tasks from smaller one, 756–758

Concurrent collection classes, 840–841

ConcurrentBag<T>, 840

ConcurrentDictionary<T>, 840

ConcurrentQueue<T>, 840

ConcurrentStack<T>, 840

Continuation tasks, 757

ContinueWith() method, 756–758, 760–761, 764–765, 779

Contravariance

definition, 495

delegates, 526–527

enabling with in modifier, 495–497

Control flow

misconceptions, 784

task continuation, 755

within tasks, 784–786

Cooperative cancellation, definition, 769

CountdownEvent, 839–840

Covariance

delegates, 526–527

enabling with out modifier, 492–494

guidelines, 498

type safety, 498

unsafe covariance in arrays, 497–498

Covariant conversion, restrictions, 494

Create() factory method, 723–724

Create() method, generic types, 471–472

Custom asynchronous methods, 787–791

D

Delegates

contravariance, 526–527

covariance, 526–527

general purpose, 524–525

guidelines, 525

structural equality, 526–527

System.Action, 524–525

System.Func, 524–525

DenyChildAttach enum, 758

DispatcherSynchronizationContext, 794

Disposable tasks, 774

Dynamic binding, 724–725

Dynamic programming. See Programming with dynamic objects.

dynamic directive, 721

Dynamic member invocation, 722

Dynamic principles and behaviors, 721–723

dynamic System.Object, 723–724

E

Events, resetting, 836–839

Exception handling

with AggregateException, 779–780, 803–804

guidelines, 444

ExecuteSynchronously enum, 759

F

Factory methods, generic types, 471–472

ForEach() method, 806

FromCurrentSynchronizationContext() method, 793

Func delegates, 524–525

G

General purpose delegates, 524–525

Generic types

arity (number of type parameters), 471–472

Create() method, 471–472

factory methods, 471–472

overloading a type definition, 471–472

Tuple class, 471–472

GetDynamicMemberNames() method, 729

GetResponse() method, 776

GetResponseAsync() method, 779

H

HideScheduler enum, 759

Hill climbing, 802–803

Hot tasks, 752

I

Id property, 755

IDisposable, 774

In type parameter, 526

InnerExceptions property, 764, 780, 804

IProducerConsumerCollection<T>, 840

IsCancellationRequested property, monitoring, 770–771

IsCompleted property, 754

L

LazyCancellation enum, 759

LINQ queries, running in parallel, 594–595

LongRunning enum, 758

Long-running tasks, 773–774

M

MaxDegreeOfParallelism property, 807

Member names, retrieving, 729

Methods, calling

applicable calls, 201

compatible calls, 201

Multithreading, asynchronous tasks

AggregateException.Handle() method, 764

antecedent tasks, 757

associating data with tasks, 755

asynchronous continuations, 756–762

AsyncState, 755

chaining tasks, 757

cold tasks, 752

composing large tasks from smaller one, 756–758

continuation tasks, 757

ContinueWith() method, 756–758, 760–761, 764–765

control flow, 755

creating threads and tasks, 750–751

hot tasks, 752

Id property, 755

introduction, 751–755

invoking, 751–753

IsCompleted property, 754

multithreaded programming complexities, 749–750

observing unhandled exceptions, 764–765

polling a Task<T>, 753–754

registering for notification of task behavior, 760–761

registering for unhandled exceptions, 766–768

Result property, 754

Status property, 754

synchronous delegates, 751

task continuation, 755–762

task identification, 755

task scheduler, 750–751

task status, getting, 754

TaskContinuationOptions enums, 758–759

tasks, definition, 750

tasks vs. delegates, 751

unhandled exception handling with AggregateException, 762–765

unhandled exceptions on a thread, 765–768

UnhandledException event, 766

Multithreading, canceling tasks

CancellationToken object, 769–772

CancellationTokenSource.Cancel() method, 770–771

cooperative cancellation, definition, 769

disposable tasks, 774

IDisposable, 774

IsCancellationRequested property, monitoring, 770–771

long-running tasks, 773–774

obtaining a task, 772–773

TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning option, 773–774

Task.Factory.StartNew() method, 772–773

Task.Run() method, 772–773

WaitHandle, 774

Multithreading, guidelines

long-running tasks, 773–774

parallel loops, 801

unhandled exceptions, 768

Multithreading, parallel loop iterations

Break() method, 808

breaking, 808

canceling, 805–806

exception handling with AggregateException, 803–804

hill climbing, 802–803

introduction, 798–802

MaxDegreeOfParallelism property, 807

options, 806–807

Parallel.For() loops, 807

Parallel.For() method, 808

Parallel.ForEach() loops, 807

Parallel.ForEach() method, 808

ParallelOptions parameter, 807

Stop() method, 808

TPL performance tuning, 802–803

work stealing, 802–803

Multithreading, PLINQ queries

canceling, 811–813

introduction, 809–811

Multithreading, task-based asynchronous pattern

AggregateException.Flatten() method, 780

AggregateException.Handle() method, 780

AspNetSynchronizationContext, 794

with async and await, 781–786

async and await with the Windows UI, 795–798

async keyword, purpose of, 786

asynchronous high-latency operations with the TPL, 777–781

asynchronous lambdas, 786–787

await keyword, 791–792

await operators, 797–798

awaiting non-Task<T> values, 791–792

ContinueWith() method, 779

control flow misconceptions, 784

control flow within tasks, 784–786

custom asynchronous methods, 787–791

DispatcherSynchronizationContext, 794

GetResponseAsync() method, 779

handling exceptions, 779–780

Process.Kill() method, 789

progress update, 789–791

ReadToEndAsync() method, 779

RunProcessAsync() method, 788–789

synchronization context, 793–795

synchronous high-latency operations, 775–777

task drawbacks, overview, 775

task schedulers, 793–795

TaskCompletionSource.SetResult() method, 789

TaskCompletionSource<T> object, 788–789

Unwrap() method, 779

WriteWebRequestSizeAsync() method, 780, 783

N

Namespaces list of common, 165–166

.NET versions, 29

NotOnCanceled enum, 759

NotOnFaulted enum, 758

NotOnRanToCompletion enum, 758

O

OnlyOnCanceled enum, 758

OnlyOnFaulted enum, 759

OnlyOnRanToCompletion enum, 759

OperationCanceledException, 772, 806, 811–813

OutOfMemoryException, 444

Overloading a type definition, 471–472

P

Parallel loop iterations. See Multithreading, parallel loop iterations.

Parallel.For() loops, 807

Parallel.For() method, 808

Parallel.ForEach() loops, 807

Parallel.ForEach() method, 808

ParallelOptions parameter, 807

ParallelQuery<T> class, 810, 813

PiCalculator.Calculate() method, 753

PLINQ queries, multithreading

canceling, 811–813

introduction, 809–811

Polling a Task<T>, 753–754

PreferFairness enum, 758

Process.Kill() method, 789

Programming with dynamic objects

Create() factory method, 723–724

dynamic binding, 724–725

dynamic directive, 721

dynamic member invocation, 722

dynamic principles and behaviors, 721–723

dynamic System.Object, 723–724

GetDynamicMemberNames() method, 729

implementing a custom dynamic object, 726–728

introduction, 719

invoking reflection with dynamic, 719–720

reflection, support for extension methods, 723

retrieving member names, 729

RuntimeBinderException, 722

signature verification, 722

vs. static compilation, 725–726

System.Dynamic.DynamicObject, 728

System.Dynamic.IDynamicMetaObjectProvider interface, 726–729

System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite<T>, 723–724

TryGetMember() method, 728

TrySetMember() method, 728

type conversion, 721–722

type safety, 720–721, 726

Progress update, 789–791

Pulse() method, 823

R

Race conditions, 595

ReadToEndAsync() method, 779

Reflection

invoking with dynamic, 719–720

support for extension methods, 723

Registering for

notification of task behavior, 760–761

unhandled exceptions, 766–768

Result property, 754

RunContinuationAsynchronously enum, 759

RunProcessAsync() method, 788–789

RuntimeBinderException, 722

S

Semaphore, 839–840

SemaphoreSlim, 839–840

SemaphoreSlim.WaitAsync() method, 840

Set() method, 836–837

Signature verification, 722

Standard query operators

AsParallel(), 595

race conditions, 595

running LINQ queries in parallel, 594–595

Start() method, 762–763

Static compilation vs. dynamic programming, 725–726

Status property, 754

Stop() method, 808

Structural equality, delegates, 526–527

Synchronization context, 793–795

Synchronizing threads. See Thread synchronization.

Synchronizing with Monitor class, 821–823

Synchronous delegates, 751

Synchronous high-latency operations, 775–777

System.Action, 524–525

System.Action delegates, 524–525

System.Dynamic.DynamicObject, 728

System.Dynamic.IDynamicMetaObjectProvider interface, 726–729

System.Func, 524–525

System.Func delegates, 524–525

System.Lazy<T>, 430–431

System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallSite<T>, 723–724

System.Threading.AutoResetEventSlim, 836–839

System.Threading.ManualResetEvent, 836–839

System.Threading.ManualResetEventSlim, 836–839

System.Threading.Monitor.Enter() method, 823

System.Threading.Monitor.Exit() method, 823

System.Threading.Monitor.Pulse() method, 823

T

TAP (Task-based Asynchronous Pattern), problems addressed by, 799

Task schedulers, 750–751, 793–795

Task-based asynchronous pattern. See Multithreading, task-based asynchronous pattern.

TaskCanceledException, 772

TaskCompletionSource.SetResult() method, 789

TaskCompletionSource<T> object, 788–789

TaskContinuationOptions enums, 758–759

Task.ContinueWith() method, 756, 793–794, 798

TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning option, 773–774

Task.Factory.StartNew() method, 772–773

Task.Run() method, 772–773

Tasks

antecedent, 757

asynchronous. See Multithreading, asynchronous tasks.

canceling. See Multithreading, canceling tasks.

chaining, 757

cold, 752

composing large from smaller, 756–758

continuation, 755–762

creating, 750–751

definition, 750

vs. delegates, 751

disposable, 774

drawbacks, 775

hot, 752

identification, 755

long-running, 773–774

obtaining, 772–773

status, getting, 754

TaskScheduler class, 793

Task<T>, polling a, 753–754

Thread synchronization

Pulse() method, 823

synchronizing with Monitor class, 821–823

System.Threading.Monitor.Enter() method, 823

System.Threading.Monitor.Exit() method, 823

System.Threading.Monitor.Pulse() method, 823

Thread synchronization, synchronization types

BlockingCollection<T>, 840

concurrent collection classes, 840–841

ConcurrentBag<T>, 840

ConcurrentDictionary<T>, 840

ConcurrentQueue<T>, 840

ConcurrentStack<T>, 840

CountdownEvent, 839–840

IProducerConsumerCollection<T>, 840

reset events, 836–839

Semaphore, 839–840

SemaphoreSlim, 839–840

SemaphoreSlim.WaitAsync() method, 840

Set() method, 836–837

System.Threading.AutoResetEventSlim, 836–839

System.Threading.ManualResetEvent, 836–839

System.Threading.ManualResetEventSlim, 836–839

Wait() method, 836–837

WaitOne() method, 837

Thread synchronization, thread local storage

definition, 841

ThreadLocal<T>, 841–842

ThreadStaticAttribute, 843–845

ThreadLocal<T>, 841–842

Threads, creating, 750–751

ThreadStaticAttribute, 843–845

ThrowIfCancellationRequested() method, 772

TPL performance tuning, 802–803

TryGetMember() method, 728

TrySetMember() method, 728

Tuple class, 471–472

Tuple.Create() method, 471–472

Type conversion, dynamic programming, 721–722

Type definition, overloading, 471–472

Type safety

covariance, 498

dynamic programming, 720–721, 726

U

UnauthorizedAccessException, 804

Unhandled exceptions

handling with AggregateException, 762–765

on a thread, 765–768

UnhandledException event, 766

Unsafe covariance in arrays, 497–498

Unwrap() method, 779

W

Wait() method, 836–837

WaitForExit() method, 788

WaitHandle, 774

WaitOne() method, 837

Work stealing, 802–803

WriteWebRequestSizeAsync() method, 780, 783