Index
• Numerics •
3D View editor
defined, 29
loading reference images as background, 115
Quad View, 62
selecting objects in, 59
spot-checks from different angles, 468
standard lighting, 47
user preferences for, 29, 37–38
• A •
absolute path, 45
actions
creating, 371
fake users, 372
mixing to create complex animation, 373–374
active object, 70
add-ons
Dynamic Spacebar Menu add-on, 92
exporters, 412
Extra Objects add-on, 94
support levels for, 42
user preferences for, 42
Adobe Illustrator, 164
Adobe Photoshop, 247–248, 250, 417, 429, 434, 448
Adobe Premiere, 423
aliasing, 470
alpha channel, 217–218, 417, 430–432
Alpha Over node, 448
Amaranth theme, 43
ambient occlusion (AO), 253–254, 439, 471
Ambient Occlusion shader, 208
animation
armatures
copying mirrored poses, 367–368
ghosting, 369
visualizing motion with paths, 369–370
basic process for, 302
constraints
copying movement of another object, 327–329
defined, 323
limiting movement of objects, 330–331
selection order, 324
tracking motion of another object, 332–333
vertex groups and, 327
viewing available, 324
easing, 316
editing motion curves, 315–320
f-curves, 302
general discussion, 301
Graph Editor
keys, 303
scrubbing, 303
timeline cursor, 303
illusion of motion, 306
inserting keyframes, 306
locking cameras to characters, 468–469
nonlinear
actions, defined, 371
creating actions, 371
defined, 371
fake users, 372
mixing actions to create complex animation, 373–374
particle systems
defined, 33
physics simulation models, 380–381
usefulness of, 379
rigging
defined, 335
troubleshooting deformations in, 464–465
Anisotropic BSDF shader, 207
anticipation, 364
AO (ambient occlusion), 253–254, 439, 471
appeal, 366
Apple Final Cut Pro, 423
Apricot project, 13
arcs, 365
Area lamp
false, creating with Spot lamps, 283–285
as fill light, 283
types of, 266
areas
maximizing, 21
organizational structure, 17–18
resizing, 19
Armature modifier, 128, 353, 358, 465
armatures
adding to scenes, 343
bones
adding, 344
control, 350
duplicating, 344
extruding, 344
subdividing, 344
copying mirrored poses, 367–368
ghosting, 369
layers, 349
parent-child relationships, 346–348
skeleton sketching feature, 344
skinning
assigning weights to vertices, 354–355
defined, 352
painting weight assignments to vertex groups, 356–358
visualizing motion with paths, 369–370
Array modifier
defined, 125
• B •
backface culling, 86
Ball metaball object, 175
Bevel modifier, 122–123, 126, 165
Bézier curves, 160–161, 169–170
BI. See Blender Internal rendering engine
bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF), 204
Big Buck Bunny (film), 13
Blend procedural texture, 226
.blend1 and .blend2 files, 45
Blender
“fast to use versus fast to learn”, 16
open-source nature of, 10
Blender Add-ons Catalog, 42
Blender Cloud, 454
Blender Institute, 13
Blender interface
areas
maximizing, 21
resizing, 19
cross-platform nature of, 18–19
events
modifying, 48
restoring to system defaults, 50
sharing customized, 50
viewing details of, 50
general discussion, 33
headers, 22
menus
non-blocking and non-modal nature of, 16–17
organizational structure, 16–17
panels, resizing, 19
screens
cycling through, 34
deleting, 35
making available at startup, 35
ordering, 34
renaming, 34
returning to default, 35
search feature, 65
Blender Internal (BI) rendering engine
render baking, 253–254, 256–259
texture baking, 235
vertex colors, 201
World properties, 287–288, 291–292, 293–297
Blenderheads, 2
Blinn shader, 215
Blob brush, 148
blobbies. See metaball objects
bluescreen, 451
blur effects, 432
Blur node, 450
body dynamics
Boids physics simulation model, 380–381
Bokeh Image node, 446
Bone Constraints properties, 33
Bone properties, 32
booleans, using to join objects, 95
Bounding Box viewport shading type, 58
Brick procedural texture, 230
BSDF (bidirectional scattering distribution function), 204
Build modifier, 126
Built-In Function f-curve modifier, 322
• C •
cages, defined, 133
camera objects
clipping distance, 463
defined, 93
finding and selecting, 414
locking to animated characters, 468–469
multicamera effect, 433
Capsule metaball object, 175
Cast modifier, 128
Catmull-Clark subdivision, 134
Checker procedural texture, 230
Clay brush, 149
Clay Strips brush, 149
clipping distance, 463
Clouds procedural texture, 226, 268
collision objects (deflectors), 383–384
color
absolute white, 192
assigning multiple materials to different parts of a mesh, 194–196
background, 287
effects, 432
sampling, 194
saving rendered images in, 417
selecting objects by, 106
zenith, 288
Color nodes
Alpha Over, 448
Mix, 448
RGB Curves, 447
Z Combine, 448
ColorRamp node, 448
Community add-on support level, 42
Composite node, 447
compositing
assembly-line approach, 434–435
defined, 424
hotkeys, 444
mouse actions, 442
Node Compositor versus VSE, 433–434
nodes
identifying, 440
Matte, 451
Output, 447
selecting, 443
socket colors, 443
Vector, 450
render layers, 436
rendering composited scenes, 452–453
rendering sequences of still images for, 420
Z-depth, 435
Constant Offset option, Array modifier, 137
constraints
copying movement of another object, 327–329
limiting movement of objects, 330–331
selection order, 324
tracking motion of another object, 332–333
vertex groups and, 327
viewing available, 324
control points
curves, 160
defined, 93
CookTorr (Cook-Torrance) shader, 215
coordinate systems, 68, 69–70, 76–78
Copy Location constraint, 328–329
Copy Rotation constraint, 328–329
Copy Scale constraint, 328–329
corner widgets, 20
Cosmos Laundromat (film), 14
Crease brush, 149
crossfades, 432
Cube metaball object, 175
curve normals, 163
curves
advantages of, 158
converting 3D curves into 2D curves, 163
creating holes in planes, 162
defined, 93
editing using control points, 169–171
function, 302, 305–310, 321–323
general discussion, 157
joining, 161
limitations of, 158
resolution values, 164
cuts
loop, 119
Cycles f-curve modifier, 322
Cycles rendering engine
Blender Internal rendering engine versus, 413
graphics processing unit and, 46, 463–464
Node Editor and, 30
World properties, 287, 289–291
• D •
datablocks
overview, 36
Decimate modifier, 126
Default screen layout, 43
Default theme, 43
deflectors (collision objects), 383–384
Defocus node, 450
Delta keys, 307
Diffuse BSDF shader, 204, 206, 237, 254
diffuse colors, 192, 209, 213–214
Displace node, 451
dissolves, 432
Distort nodes
Displace, 451
Lens Distortion, 452
Map UV, 451
Distorted Noise procedural texture, 226
Dope Sheet editor
animating object deformations, 359–362
animation channels, 315
in Animation screen layout, 304
animation workflow, 308
defined, 30
drawing tablets, 3
Durian project, 14
dynamic topology (dyntopo)
workflow, 146
• E •
ease in and ease out, 365
easing, 316
edge slide function, 119
Edge Split modifier, 126
edges
defined, 83
following anatomy, 154
edit cage, 124
Edit mode
adding objects to scenes, 94–95
duplicating objects, 97
general discussion, 81
Object mode versus, 82
editing
channels, 424
customizing layout for, 424–425
defined, 423
frame rate, 424
hotkeys, 430
mouse actions, 429
properties management for, 424–426
rendering edited scene, 433
rendering sequences of still images for, 420–421
resolution, 424
transparency, 429
Editor Type menu, 28
editors
2D
Logic Editor, 31
Movie Clip Editor, 30, 428, 454
Node Editor, 30, 202–208, 278–280, 289
Text Editor, 30
UV/Image Editor, 30, 244–246, 249–251, 254–255, 418, 428
Video Sequence Editor, 30, 424–433
animation
Dope Sheet, 30, 304, 308, 315, 359–362, 371–375
Graph Editor, 30, 302–303, 305–306, 315–318, 321
general
3D View, 29, 37–38, 47, 51–64, 115, 468
User Preferences, 29, 36–50, 52
organizational structure, 17–18
utility
File Browser, 18–19, 31, 107–110
Python Console, 31
viewing available, 28
Elephants Dream (film), 13
Ellipsoid metaball object, 176
Emitter particle system, 379–380
Empties
display types, 325
Envelope f-curve modifier, 322
Environment Map procedural texture, 226–227
environment maps, 226
Environment procedural texture, 228
Euler angles, 69
Euler rotations, 366
exaggeration, 365
• F •
faces
defined, 83
snapping to, 73
f-curves (function curves)
adding control points to, 306–310
defined, 302
selecting, 305
File Browser editor
appending from external files, 109–110
defined, 31
interface, 108
opening files, 109
files
appending from external, 109–110
linked appendages, 110
opening, 109
saving progressive versions of, 109
Fill/Deepen brush, 149
Filter nodes
Blur, 450
Defocus, 450
Glare, 450
overview, 449
Vector Blur, 450
Final Cut Pro, 423
Flatten/Contrast brush, 149
Floor constraint, 331
Fluid physics simulation model, 380–381
fluid simulation
file size and storage, 396–397
particle-based method, 400
follow through, 365
force fields
properties of, 383
fractional frames (intraframes), 375
“Free Blender” campaign, 11
Freestyle edge renderer, 32
function curves. See f-curves
• G •
Generator f-curve modifier, 321
gestural behavior, 23
GI (global illumination), 292–293
Glare node, 450
Glass BSDF shader, 206
global illumination (GI), 292–293
glossiness, 219
glow effects, 432
Gooseberry project, 14
Grab brush, 149
grabbing objects
mouse cursor location and, 472
Gradient procedural texture, 230
Graph Editor
animation channels, 315
basic animation process, 302
defined, 30
hotkeys and mouse actions, 321
keys, 303
scrubbing, 303
timeline cursor, 303
Grease Pencil feature, 472–473
greenscreen, 451
group instances, 94
grouping objects
adding objects to groups, 105
creating groups, 104
naming groups, 105
removing objects from groups, 104–105
selecting with groups, 106–107
• H •
Hair BSDF shader, 207
Hair particle system
child particles, 385
Emitter system versus, 385
general discussion, 379
headers
defined, 22
hiding, 22
moving, 22
obscured or hidden menus and buttons, 35–36
resizing, 22
Hemi lamp
as back light, 283
as fill light, 283
types of, 266
Holdout shader, 208
hooks
defined, 340
selecting, 106
usefulness of, 342
hotkeys
cancelling operations, 76
grabbing objects, 75
overview, 75
rotating objects, 76
scaling objects, 76
snapping objects, 76
HSV (hue, saturation, value) color picker, 47
• I •
Illustrator, 164
Image node, 446
inbetweeners, 306
Inflate/Deflate brush, 150
Input nodes
Bokeh Image, 446
Image, 446
Mask, 446
Movie Clip, 446
overview, 445
Render Layer, 446
RGB, 446
Texture, 446
Track Position, 447
Value, 446
intraframes (fractional frames), 375
islands, 256
• K •
Keyed physics simulation model, 380–381
keying sets
selecting, 107
keys (keyframes)
Autokey feature, 308
defined, 303
Delta keys, 307
manipulating in Dope Sheet editor, 361
selecting in Dope Sheet editor, 360–361
knots, 171
• L •
lamp objects
Area lamp, 266, 269–270, 276–277, 283–285
defined, 93
selecting, 107
Spot lamp, 266, 273–276, 282–285
Sun lamp, 265–266, 272–273, 283, 285–286
Laplacian Deform modifier, 128
Laplacian Smooth modifier, 128, 129
Last Operator panel, Tool Shelf, 64
Lattice modifier, 128
Layer brush, 150
layers
adjustment, 433
armatures, 349
enabling/disabling, 79
moving objects among, 79
overview, 79
using effectively, 470
visibility of, 79
Lens Distortion node, 452
lighting
Area lamp, 266, 269–270, 276–277
bounces, 269
diffuse, 281
Hemi lamp, 266
multiple importance sampling, 269, 271
negative, 280
outdoor, 265–266, 272–273, 285–286
shadows, 269–270, 274–275, 282
specular, 281
Spot lamp, 266, 273–276, 283–285
strength/energy, 267
textures and caustic effects, 268
throw, 263
volumetric shadow, 276
white void, 261
Limit Distance constraint, 331
Limit Location constraint, 330
Limit Rotation constraint, 330
Limit Scale constraint, 330
Limits f-curve modifier, 322
Local View, 56
Locked Track constraint, 333
Logic Editor, 31
loop cuts, 119
loops
creating, 119
• M •
Magic procedural texture, 227, 230
Make Single User menu, 101
Mango project, 14
Map UV node, 451
Marble procedural texture, 227
Mask brush, 150
Mask modifier, 126
Mask node, 446
matcaps (material captures), 146–147
material indexes (material slots), 194–196
Material properties, 33
Material viewport shading type, 58
materials
color
absolute white, 192
assigning multiple materials to different parts of a mesh, 194–196
diffuse colors, 192, 209, 213–214
sampling, 194
defined, 189
hair particles, 210
previewing, 209
shaders, 204–208, 209, 213–216
subsurface scattering, 209
Matte nodes, 451
menus. See also pie menus
user preferences for, 38
Mesh Cache modifier, 125
Mesh Deform modifier, 129
meshes
components of, 113
defined, 93
general discussion, 113
modeling methods, 114
modifiers
accessing, 122
disabling, 124
Generate category, 125–127, 130–142
Modify category, 125
removing, 123
settings for, 124
Simulate category, 129
multiresolution
creating custom brushes, 152–153
editing, 142
overview, 140
using textures to influence brush behavior, 154–155
workflow, 142
metaball objects
hiding, 176
resolution values, 177
stiffness of, 176
switching between, 176
update and display values, 177–178
usefulness of, 178
Minnaert shader, 214
Mix node, 448
modifiers
accessing, 122
defined, 32
Deform category
Cast, 128
Laplacian Deform, 128
Lattice, 128
Mesh Deform, 129
Simple Deform, 129
Smooth, 129
Warp, 129
Wave, 129
disabling, 124
Generate category
Build, 126
Decimate, 126
Edge Split, 126
Mask, 126
Screw, 127
Skin, 127
Solidify, 127
Subdivision Surface, 124, 127, 132–136, 140–142, 458
Triangulate, 127
Wireframe, 127
Modify category
Mesh Cache, 125
UV Warp, 125
Vertex Weight Edit, 125
Vertex Weight Mix, 125
Vertex Weight Proximity, 125
removing, 123
settings for, 124
Simulate category, 129
Modifiers properties, 32
mouse
compositing, 442
cursor location when grabbing objects and, 472
editing, 429
Graph Editor, 321
user preferences for, 39–40, 52
Video Sequence Editor, 429
Movie Clip Editor, 30, 428, 454
Movie Clip node, 446
multiresolution meshes
creating custom brushes, 152–153
editing, 142
overview, 140
using textures to influence brush behavior, 154–155
workflow, 142
Multiresolution modifier, 126, 140–142
Musgrave procedural texture, 227, 230
• N •
naming
groups, 105
importance of, 469
screens, 34
NaN (Not a Number), 11
NeoGeo, 11
Newtonian physics simulation model, 380–381
NLA. See nonlinear animation
NLA (nonlinear animation) Editor, 30, 372–373
NLEs (nonlinear editors), 423. See also Video Sequence Editor
Node Compositor, 14, 433–434, 443–444. See also compositing
Node Editor
defined, 30
sky textures, 289
nodes
adjusting layout to work with, 203
identifying, 440
Matte, 451
Output, 447
selecting, 443
socket colors, 443
Vector, 450
Noise f-curve modifier, 322
Noise procedural texture, 227, 229
nonlinear animation (NLA)
actions
creating, 371
defined, 371
mixing to create complex animation, 373–374
defined, 371
fake users, 372
nonlinear animation (NLA) Editor, 30, 372–373
nonlinear editors (NLEs), 423. See also Video Sequence Editor
Not a Number (NaN), 11
Nudge brush, 150
numeric keypad
3D View navigation using, 53–56
user preferences for, 40
NURBS curves
editing using control points, 170–171
• O •
Object Constraints, 32
Object Data properties, 32
Object mode
adding objects to scenes, 94
Edit mode versus, 82
joining objects, 96
proportional editing, 87
selecting objects in, 87
Object Offset option, Array modifier, 138
Object properties, 32
objects (primitives). See also animation
groups
adding objects to, 105
creating, 104
naming, 105
removing objects from, 104–105
linking
converting regular duplicates to linked duplicates, 99
giving datablocks a single user, 101–102
Linking data between objects, 97–99
Make Links menu items, 100
Make Single User menu items, 101
verifying linked status, 97–98
parent-child relationships
remembering correct selection order, 103
placing origin of, 95
separating, 95
Ocean procedural texture, 227
Official add-on support level, 42
offsets
texture mapping, 234
onionskinning, 369
online resources
author's website, 4, 43, 91, 476
Blender Add-ons Catalog, 42
Blenderart Magazine, 478
BlenderArtists, 476
BlenderCookie, 477
BlenderNation, 476
Blendswap, 477
builder.blender.org, 478
Cheat Sheet (companion to book), 4
custom theme, 3
Elephants Dream, 13
Extras (companion to book), 4
IRC channels on freenode.net, 478–479
open-source graphics programs, 251
StackExchange, 477
Track, Match, Blend tutorial series, 454
tutorials, 377
OpenGL rendering engine, 190
orbiting
Oren-Nayar shader, 214
orthographic view, 52
Outliner editor
defined, 29
finding and selecting camera object, 414
giving datablocks a single user, 102
parent-child relationships, 104
Output nodes, 447
overlapping action, 365
• P •
panels
organizational structure, 18
resizing, 19
parent-child relationships
remembering correct selection order, 103
particle systems
defined, 33
physics simulation models, 380–381
usefulness of, 379
Particles properties, 33
Pass Index values, 106
Path curves, 173
Peach project, 13
perspective view, 52
PET (Proportional Edit tool), 91
phonemes, 340
Phong shader, 215
Photoshop, 247–248, 250, 417, 429, 434, 448
Physics properties, 33
physics simulation models, 380–381
pie menus
closing without selecting, 24
enabling, 24
limitations of, 23
user preferences for, 38
Pinch/Magnify brush, 150
Plane metaball object, 175
Point Density procedural texture, 228
Point lamp
point-for-point modeling, 114–115
pose-to-pose action, 365
post-production, 423. See also compositing; editing
Premiere, 423
primitives. See animation; objects
processing streams (threads), 398
properties, selecting objects by, 106
Properties editor
accessing subsections, 31
Bone Constraints properties, 33
Bone properties, 32
defined, 29
Material properties, 33
Modifiers properties, 32
Object Constraints, 32
Object Data properties, 32
Object properties, 32
Particles properties, 33
Physics properties, 33
Render Layers properties, 32
Render properties, 31
Scene properties, 32
switching between horizontal and vertical orientation, 35
Texture properties, 33
World properties, 32
Properties/Information region
3D View, 63
making transformations using, 79–80
Proportional Edit tool (PET), 91
Python Console editor, 31
Python f-curve modifier, 322
• Q •
QMC (Quasi-Monte Carlo) sampling, 271, 295
quads
defined, 83
usefulness of, 154
quit.blend file, 44
• R •
ramps, 229
ray tracing, 216–219, 295, 413, 471
Refraction BSDF shader, 206
regions
making semi-transparent, 47
organizational structure, 17–18
Relative Offset option, Array modifier, 138
relative path, 45
Render Layer node, 446
Render Layers properties, 32
Render properties, 31
render slots (render buffers), 415–416
Rendered viewport shading type, 57
rendering scenes
audio, 419
defined, 414
low-resolution test renders, 470–472
still images
saving images, 418
viewing rendered images, 414–416
retopology (retopo)
RGB Curves node, 447
RGB node, 446
rigging
armatures
adding bones, 344
adding to scenes, 343
control bones, 350
defined, 343
duplicating bones, 344
extruding bones, 344
layers, 349
parent-child relationships, 346–348
skeleton sketching feature, 344
subdividing bones, 344
defined, 335
troubleshooting deformations in, 464–465
roll angle, 348
Rotate manipulator mode, 71–72, 74
rotating objects
mouse cursor location and, 472
• S •
Scale manipulator mode, 72, 74
scaling objects
mouse cursor location and, 472
text objects, 182
Scene properties, 32
Scrape/Peaks brush, 150
screen layout presets
cycling through, 34
deleting screens, 35
making screens available at startup, 35
obscured or hidden menus and buttons, 35–36
ordering screens, 34
renaming screens, 34
returning to default, 35
Screens menu, 34
Screw modifier, 127
Sculpt mode
creating custom brushes, 152–153
editing, 142
overview, 140
using textures to influence brush behavior, 154–155
workflow, 142
SculptDraw brush, 150
secondary action, 365
self collisions, 393
shaders
adding, 205
Ambient Occlusion, 208
Anisotropic BSDF, 207
Blinn, 215
BSDF, 204
CookTorr, 215
Diffuse BSDF, 204, 206, 237, 254
Glass BSDF, 206
Hair BSDF, 207
Holdout, 208
Oren-Nayar, 214
Phong, 215
Refraction BSDF, 206
Subsurface Scattering, 207
Toon BSDF, 207
Translucent BSDF, 207
Velvet BSDF, 207
Volume Absorption, 208, 406–407
WardIso, 215
shape keys
creating, 336
minimum and maximum values, 338
usefulness of, 340
Simple Deform modifier, 129
Simple subdivision, 134
Sintel (film), 14
skeletons. See armatures
Skin modifier, 127
skinning
assigning weights to vertices, 354–355
defined, 352
painting weight assignments to vertex groups, 356–358
Sky procedural texture, 229, 292
smoke simulation
general discussion, 400
Smooth brush, 150
Smooth modifier, 129
Snake Hook brush, 151
solid drawing, 365
Solid viewport shading type, 58
Solidify modifier, 127
speaker objects, 93
speed effects, 432
Spot lamp
as back light, 283
creating false Area lamp with, 283–285
types of, 266
squash and stretch, 364
staging, 364
startup.blend file, 35
Stepped Interpolation f-curve modifier, 322
stop-motion animation, 343
story-based timing, 365
storyboards, 306
straight-ahead action, 365
strands, 437
Stretch To constraint, 333
Stucci procedural texture, 228
Subdivision Surface modifier, 124, 127, 132–136, 140–142, 458
Subsurface Scattering shader, 207
Sun lamp
as fill light, 283
surfaces
general discussion, 157
unwrapping (flattening), 159
Suzanne (monkey head object), 94–95
• T •
tabbing, 83
Tears of Steel (film), 14
temporary files, file path for, 44
tessellation, 113
Testing add-on support level, 42
Text Editor, 30
text objects
adding, 178
aligning, 180
converting to curves or meshes, 187–188
defined, 93
flowing along curves, 182, 186–187
general discussion, 178
highlighting, 178
scaling, 182
special characters, 185
underlining, 182
using other objects as characters, 185–186
Texture node, 446
Texture properties, 33
Textured viewport shading type, 58
textures
defined, 221
unwrapping (flattening) meshes, 241–247
threads (processing streams), 398
3D View editor
defined, 29
loading reference images as background, 115
Quad View, 62
selecting objects in, 59
spot-checks from different angles, 468
standard lighting, 47
user preferences for, 29, 37–38
three-point lighting
overview, 262
Thumb brush, 151
Timeline editor
in Animation screen layout, 304
defined, 29
negatively-numbered frames, 39
timing, 365
toolbox menu, 92
tooltips, 467
Toon BSDF shader, 207
Track Position node, 447
Track To constraint, 332
Trackball orbit style, 41
Transform Orientation menu, 68–69
transformations
Properties/Information region, 79–80
Translate manipulator mode, 72, 74
Translucent BSDF shader, 207
transparency
3D View editor regions, 47
alpha channel, 217–218, 417, 430–432
editing, 429
Transparent BSDF shader, 206, 279
Triangulate modifier, 127
tris, 83
troubleshooting
black stripe, 458
deformations in animation rigs, 464–465
disappearing background image, 461
Edge Loop Select not working, 460–461
lost simulation data, 462
no GPU computing for Cycles, 463–464
unrendered objects, 463
Turntable orbit style, 41
tweening, 307
Twist brush, 151
• U •
User Preferences editor
accessing, 37
defined, 29
general discussion, 36
Themes options, 43
UV coordinates
Mirror modifier and, 132
Subdivision Surface modifier and, 135
unwrapping (flattening) meshes, 245–247
UV Project modifier, 125, 239–241
UV Warp modifier, 125
UV/Image Editor, 30, 244–246, 249–251, 254–255, 414–416, 418, 428
• V •
Value node, 446
Vazquez, Pablo, 43
Vector Blur node, 450
Vector nodes, 450
Velvet BSDF shader, 207
vertex buffer objects (VBOs), 47
vertex colors
base color, 199
brush radius, 199
defining palette, 200
viewing wireframe, 198
vertex groups
constraints and, 327
creating, 131
painting weight assignments to, 356–358
Vertex Weight Edit modifier, 125
Vertex Weight Mix modifier, 125
Vertex Weight Proximity modifier, 125
vertices
defined, 83
pushing, 114
Video Sequence Editor (VSE)
customizing layout for, 424–425
defined, 30
editing strips, 429
frame rate, 424
hotkeys, 430
mouse actions, 429
properties management for, 424–426
rendering edited scenes, 433
resolution, 424
transparency, 429
View orientation, 70
Viewer node, 447
viewport shading
Bounding Box shading type, 58
Material shading type, 58
Rendered shading type, 57
Solid shading type, 58
Textured shading type, 58
Wireframe shading type, 58
Volume Absorption shader, 208, 406–407
Volume Scatter shader, 208, 406–407
volumetric effects
shadow, 276
Voronoi procedural texture, 228, 230
Voxel Data procedural texture, 228
voxels (volumetric pixels), 228
VSE. See Video Sequence Editor
• W •
WardIso (Ward Isotropic) shader, 215
Warp modifier, 129
Wave modifier, 129
Wave procedural texture, 229
white void, 261
windows
draw method preferences, 47
organizational structure, 17–18
wipes, 432
Wireframe modifier, 127
Wireframe viewport shading type, 58
Wood procedural texture, 228–229
World properties
background color, 287
horizon, 288
zenith color, 288
• Y •
Yo Frankie! (game), 13
• Z •
Z Combine node, 448
zooming
inverting direction of, 41