You will want to spend some time exploring the standard results in algorithms, as found in the texts recommended in Appendix A. A good place to start is the basic sequence alignment methods such as the Smith-Waterman algorithm. In terms of algorithms, the topics of parallelization, randomization, and approximation deserve at least a nodding acquaintance.

Sequence alignment is the subset of the family of algorithms called string matching algorithms that are used to find the extent of identity or similarity, or to find evidence of homology, between sequences. The Smith-Waterman algorithm, the treatment of gaps, the use of preprocessing, parallel techniques, the alignment of multiple sequences, and more are facets of this study.