Index
Note: Page numbers followed by “f” and “t” refer to figures and tables, respectively.
A
Absolute power tolerance,
366
Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF),
74–75
Access stratum (AS),
74–75
Active Antenna System base stations,
389–390
Active antenna systems (AASs),
358,
358
generalized radio architecture of,
358f
Active downlink bandwidth part,
113–114
Active uplink bandwidth part,
113–114
Additional maximum power reduction (AMPR),
363–364,
365
Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN),
391,
408
Adjacent channel interference ratio (ACIR),
371–372
Adjacent channel parameters,
372
Advanced Antenna Systems (A-ASs),
349
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS),
Advanced multiantenna transmission/reception,
59
Aggregated power tolerance,
366
Aggregation of spectrum allocations,
352
Always-on transmissions,
60
Analog antenna processing,
243
Analog front-end, possibilities of filtering at,
399–401
Analog multiantenna processing,
231
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs),
390–391
Aperiodic
Application Function (AF),
75
Architecture
Area traffic capacity,
18
“Around-the-corner” dispersion,
243
Associated control signaling,
185
Asynchronous hybrid-ARQ protocol,
93
Authentication Server Function (AUSF),
75
Automatic Gain Control (AGC),
405
Automatic repeat-request (ARQ),
67
B
Backwards compatibility,
42
Band categories (BC),
382
Band-specific device requirements,
363–364
Bandwidth-part indicator (0–2 bit),
204
Base station (BS),
41,
349
colocation of BS equipment between operators,
351
conducted RF requirements for NR,
357–359
output power and dynamic range,
365
radiated RF requirements for NR,
357–359
structure of BS RF requirements,
357–360
conducted and radiated RF requirements for NR BS,
357–359
types in different FRs for NR,
359–360
Base-station dynamic range,
374
Basic random-access procedure,
325
Beam establishment during initial access,
332–333
Beam failure/recovery,
249,
250
beam-failure detection,
250
device recovery request and network response,
251–252
new-candidate-beam identification,
250–251
multiple closed-loop processes,
308
multiple open-loop-parameter sets,
307–308
multiple path-loss-estimation processes,
306–307
use of multiple power-estimation processes,
307f
Beam-centric design,
68–69
Beam-failure detection,
250,
250
Beam-failure instance,
250
Beam-sweeping
for preamble transmission,
332
for SS-block transmission,
317
Bit-level scrambling sequence,
162–163
Broadcast Channel (BCH),
87,
155
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH),
87,
266
Bucket size duration (BSD),
290
C
Carrier aggregation (CA),
27–28,
44–45,
44f,
90,
90,
90f,
91,
115–117,
118,
119f,
341,
352,
382
Carrier frequency and mm-wave technology aspects,
408–411
Carrier indicator (0 or 3 bit),
204
Carrier resource blocks,
168
Carrier-selection threshold,
336–337
CBG Flush Indicator (CBGFI),
259–260
CDMA-based IS-95 technology,
1–2
details of PSS, SSS, AND PBCH,
319–323
frequency-domain position of SS block,
315–316
providing remaining system information,
324
Cell-specific reference signals (CRS),
40,
134
Channel characteristics of interest,
133
CRC attachment per transport block,
157
“Channel hardening” effect,
277–278
Channel quality indicator (CQI),
145,
233
CSI-RS resource sets,
142
frequency-domain structure of CSI-RS configurations,
137–139
mapping to physical antennas,
143–144
time-domain property of CSI-RS configurations,
139–140
downlink measurements and reporting,
144–147
mapping to physical antennas,
152–153
SRS sequences and Zadoff–Chu sequences,
149–150
time-domain structure of SRS,
151
Channel-dependent scheduling,
66,
91,
277
Channel-estimation
Channel-state-information for interference measurements (CSI-IM),
140–141
alternative structures,
141f
Channel-state-information reference signals (CSI-RS),
127,
128f,
133,
134–144,
146,
167,
174,
211,
246,
248,
250See also Sounding reference signals (SRS)
density equal to one,
139
frequency-domain structure of CSI-RS configurations,
137–139
mapping to physical antennas,
143–144
periodicity and slot offset,
140f
time-domain property of CSI-RS configurations,
139–140
Closed-loop
Code-domain sharing (CDM),
135,
136f
time/frequency-domain,
137
Codebook-based beam-forming,
41
single-layer uplink codebooks for case of four antenna ports,
240f
Coexistence between operators,
351
Coexistence with services,
351
Colocation of BS equipment between operators,
351
Common control channel (CCCH),
87,
97,
266
Common search spaces,
199
Compression point and gain,
407–408
Conducted output power level requirements
BS output power and dynamic range,
365
device output power and dynamic range,
365–366
Conducted receiver characteristics,
362,
363t
Conducted RF requirements
band-specific device requirements through network signaling,
363–364
conducted output power level requirements,
365–366
conducted receiver characteristics,
362
conducted transmitter characteristics,
361
Conducted sensitivity,
374
Conducted transmitter characteristics,
361,
362t
Conducted unwanted emissions requirements,
367–374
emission mask in OOB domain,
368–370
transmitter intermodulation,
373–374
Configurable frequency-domain RACH resource,
327
Configurable RACH periodicity,
327
Configured grant type 1,
297
Configured grant type 2,
298
Configuring reserved resources,
171,
172f
Connected-state mobility,
102
Connection management,
97
Contention
contention-free random access,
334
resolution and connection set up,
335–336
Continuous wave signal (CW signal),
375
structure enhancement,
48
example of QCL relation for PDCCH beam management,
194f
normal RS structure and wideband RS structure,
194f
Control-plane functions,
74–75
connected-state mobility,
102
idle-state and inactive-state mobility,
99–102
Control-plane/user-plane split,
74
Coordinated multipoint (CoMP),
43,
47,
48f
Critical machine type communication (C-MTC),
14–15
Cumulative ACLR requirement (CACLR),
372
Cyclic redundancy check (CRC),
256,
323
attachment per transport block,
157
for error-detecting purposes,
155–156
D
Data
Dedicated control channel (DCCH),
87,
97
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH),
87
Demodulation reference signals (DMRSs),
129–130,
165,
165–166,
167,
174,
177f,
178f,
193,
232,
315
for DFT-precoded OFDM uplink,
181–183
Denser reference signal pattern,
193
Detailed specification,
23
Device
device-specific search spaces,
197
output power and dynamic range,
365–366
RF requirements, structure of,
356–357
spurious emission limits,
373
transmission of preamble,
324
Device-to-device discovery,
417
Difficult band combinations,
343
Digital AMPS (D-AMPS),
1–2
Digital beam-forming,
332
Digital multiantenna processing,
231
Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs),
390–391
Direct D2D connectivity,
417
Discrete mm-wave filters,
399
Diverse spectrum allocations,
350
Double-symbol reference signal,
179–181
blind decoding and search spaces,
195–199
channel-dependent scheduling,
92
downlink scheduling assignments,
199–202
interference scenario,
50
L1/L2 control signaling,
168,
185
measurements and reporting,
144–147
multiantenna transmission,
128
preemption indication,
205
receiver-side beam adjustment,
247,
247f
signaling
of frequency-domain resources,
206–209
SRS control commands,
206
suitable transmitter/receiver beam pair for,
243–244
uplink power control commands,
206
CSI-RS resource sets,
142
frequency-domain structure of CSI-RS configurations,
137–139
mapping to physical antennas,
143–144
time-domain property of CSI-RS configurations,
139–140
scheduling assignment in,
259
Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH),
88,
155
Downlink/uplink (DL/UL)
reference configurations,
344
Dual-band base stations,
383
full duplex on link level
vs. cell level,
419f
Duplication functionality,
275
Dynamic activation/deactivation,
173f
in case of multiple configured resource sets,
173f
of rate-matching resource set,
172–173
downlink preemption handling,
282–283
Dynamic frequency selection (DFS),
415–416
Dynamic Point Selection,
47–48
reference sensitivity and,
378
downlink preemption indication,
284f
E
Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP),
377
Efficient mobility handling,
99
Electrical breakdown voltage (
Ebr),
409
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs),
36
Emission
unwanted emission
Enhanced Interference Mitigation and Traffic Adaptation (eIMTA),
51
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), ,
11–12,
14,
57
Equivalent isotropic sensitivity (EIS),
378–379
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI),
Evaluation configurations,
21
Evolved Packet Core (EPC),
39,
57,
73
Extended multiantenna transmission,
46–47
Extended Zadoff–Chu sequence,
150
F
Fast hybrid ARQ with soft combining,
41
Federal Communications Commission (FCC),
36
Fifth-generation (5G),
first release
integrated access-backhaul,
413–414
machine-type communication,
416–417
nonorthogonal access,
416
operation in unlicensed spectra,
415–416
spectrum and duplex flexibility,
418–419
3GPP and standardization of mobile communication,
2–3
5G Americas,
5GCN,
evolution of LTE and NR,
6f
evolving LTE to 5G capability,
radio-access technology,
5–6
standardization,
3GPP standardization,
22–26
ITU-R activities from 3G to 5G,
9–14
filter implementation examples,
402–404
LTCC filter implementation example,
404
PCB integrated implementation example,
402–404
possibilities of filtering at analog front-end,
399–401
filter example for 28 GHz band,
400f
possible filter locations,
400f
First generation
of mobile communication,
NMT technology,
1st PDSCH DMRS position,
323
5G core network (5GCN), ,
73,
74–76
Flexible OFDM-based physical layer,
360–361
Forward compatibility,
60–61
Forward Error Correction (FEC),
253
mobile communication,
389
Fractional path-loss compensation,
303,
305
Free-running oscillators, PN characteristics of,
392–393
Frequency
multiplex beam-formed transmissions,
230–231
release-independent frequency-band principles,
351–352
Frequency domain sharing (FDM),
135
radiated base-station requirements in,
378–379
radiated base-station requirements in,
379–380
radiated device requirements in,
377–378
resource
resource-block allocation types,
208f
Frequency-hopping flag (0 or 1 bit),
204
on link level
vs. cell level,
419f
Full-duplex-capable device (FDD),
126
Fundamental bandwidth of NR carrier,
354
Future Public Land Mobile Systems (FPLMTS),
10
G
Gain, compression point and,
407–408
Gallium arsenide (GaAs),
397
Gallium nitride (GaN),
397
Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA),
31
Global spectrum situation for 5G,
31–32
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM),
1–2,
383
distributed units (gNB-DU),
77
GSM Association (GSMA),
H
Half-duplex
Harmonized standards,
High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT),
394–395
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA),
1–2,
277
Higher SNR transmission scheme,
374
Higher-frequency
Higher-layer protocols,
66
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ),
67,
253,
336
hybrid-ARQ-related information,
202,
204
dynamic hybrid-ARQ acknowledgment codebook,
265f
multiplexing of hybrid-ARQ acknowledgments,
262–265
semistatic hybrid-ARQ acknowledgment codebook,
263f
Hypothetical error rate,
250
I
Identity of logical channel (LCID),
89
paging message transmission,
101–102
In-channel selectivity (ICS),
364,
375
Inactive-state mobility,
99–102
paging message transmission,
101–102
Incremental redundancy (IR),
257,
258f
Independent channel bandwidth definitions,
350
Industry forums,
association between SS-block time indices and RACH occasions assuming,
333f
Initial beam establishment,
244–245
Input compression point (CPi),
407
Integrated access-backhaul,
413–414
wireless backhaul
vs. access link,
414f
Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs),
54
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC),
47
Interband aggregation,
115
Interference
avoidance by spatial separation,
68
interference-mitigation techniques,
55
suppression/cancellation,
419
Interfering signals
Interleaved VRB-to-PRB mapping,
170
Intermodulation distortion (IMD),
342–343
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP),
36
International Mobile Telecommunications system (IMT system),
9–10
minimum technical performance requirements for,
20t
performance requirements and evaluation,
19–21
usage scenarios for,
14–16
use cases and mapping to usage scenarios,
15f
spectrum defined for,
28–31
International RF EMF exposure limits,
36
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS),
408–409
Intra-frequency-reselection flag,
322
Intraband
noncontiguous carrier aggregation,
386
ITU Radio Regulations (ITU-R),
16,
28,
30,
367
activities from 3G to 5G,
9–14
IMT-2020 process in ITU-R WP5D,
11–14
relation between key capabilities and three usage scenarios,
17f
spectrum defined for IMT systems by,
28–31
J
Joint Transmission,
47–48
K
relation between key capabilities and usage scenarios of ITU-R,
17f
Key performance indicator (KPI),
17
L
L1/L2 control
Limited-buffer rate matching,
161,
162f
Linear multiantenna transmission,
229
Local Oscillator (LO),
391
number of RACH time-domain occasions,
331t
preamble formats for,
330t
Long-Term Evolution (LTE),
39,
73,
109,
227,
260–261,
279,
315–316,
317,
324,
324–325,
354,
416–417See also LTE/NR,
New Radio (NR)
dual connectivity,
50,
51f
heterogeneous deployments,
48–52,
49
LTE-based technologies,
57
multiantenna enhancements,
46–48
device-to-device communication,
52–53,
53f
spectrum flexibility,
43–46
technology,
Longer SS-block periodicity,
317
Low-density parity-check (LDPC),
66
Low-latency support,
65–66
Low-noise Amplifier (LNA),
405
Low-SNR transmission scheme,
374
Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC),
404
filter implementation example,
404
configuration of reserved resource,
347f
downlink/uplink coexistence
vs. uplink-only coexistence,
346f
in multilayer scenario,
341f
migration of LTE spectrum to NR,
345f
M
for buffer status reporting and power headroom reports,
294f
Mapping to physical antennas
Master Cell Group (MCG),
84,
310
Maximum power reduction (MPR),
365
hybrid ARQ with soft combining,
93–95
logical channels and transport channels,
86–91
multiplexing functionality,
288
Medium-frequency bands,
31
massive MIMO implementation,
29
Minimum processing time
in OFDM symbols from grant reception to data transmission,
287t
PDSCH mapping type A, feedback on PUCCH,
262t
mm-wave domain, operation in,
63
RF technologies at
ADC and DAC considerations,
390–391
LO generation and phase noise aspects,
391–395
PA efficiency in relation to unwanted emission,
395–398
receiver noise figure, DR, and bandwidth dependencies,
405–411
mm-wave signal generation, challenges with,
393–395
3GPP and standardization,
2–3
first,
Mobile systems
Modern high-speed CMOS devices,
409
Monolithic VCO implementation,
394
Monte Carlo analysis,
403
Multi-RAT-capable MB-MSR base station,
383
Multiantenna
Multiantenna enhancements,
46–48
control channel structure enhancement,
48
transmission
extended multiantenna,
46–47
multipoint coordination and,
47–48
analog multiantenna processing providing beam forming,
230f
analog
vs. digital multiantenna processing,
230f
downlink multiantenna precoding,
232–237
general model of multiantenna transmission mapping,
230f
multiantenna transmission/reception,
227
NR uplink multiantenna precoding,
237–242
simultaneous (frequency-multiplexed) beam-forming,
232f
time-domain (nonsimultaneous) beam-forming,
231f
Multiband-capable base stations,
382–385
Multilayer transmission,
163
Multinational basis,
Multiple closed-loop processes,
308
Multiple compression algorithms,
273–275
Multiple hybrid-ARQ processes,
255,
255f
Multiple open-loop-parameter sets,
307–308
Multiple orthogonal reference signals,
176
Multiple parallel hybrid-ARQ processes,
94,
94f
Multiple path-loss-estimation processes,
306–307
Multiple periodic NZP-CSI-RS,
142
Multiple uplink carriers, power control in case of,
309–310
Multiplexing capacity,
179
Multiplexing of hybrid-ARQ acknowledgments,
262–265
Multipoint
Multiport