Multistandard radio (MSR), 380
base station, 380–382
Multiuser diversity, 277
Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO), 233–234

N

Name slot format, 125
Narrow-band Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT), 54, 416–417
Narrowband blocking, 375
Narrowband intermodulation, 375
NAX1 precoder vector, 41
Neighboring subcarriers, 179
Network, 197, 326
energy efficiency, 18
network-side beam-sweeping, 71
response, 251–252
slicing, 74
transmission of RAR, 324–325
Network Exposure Function (NEF), 75
Network signaling, 362–363
band-specific device requirements through, 363–364
Network-assisted interference cancellation (NAICS), 52
New bands, 27–28
antenna ports, 129t
bands, 352
beamforming, 68f
BS types in different FRs, 359–360
carrier, 341
frequency-domain location, 114–115
fundamental bandwidth, 354
raster, 115f
conducted RF requirements, 360–366
band-specific device requirements through network signaling, 363–364
BS classes, 364–365
conducted output power level requirements, 365–366
conducted receiver characteristics, 362
conducted transmitter characteristics, 361
regional requirements, 362–363
control channels, 67–68
CSI-RS in, 134–135
developments of RF requirements, 380–387
device, 144–145, 350
downlink
physical channels, 232–233
transmissions, 314–315
and uplink scheduling, 286f
duplex schemes, 64–65, 64f
forward compatibility, 60–61
frequency bands for, 32–36
3GPP timeline, 58f
higher-frequency operation and spectrum flexibility, 59
hybrid-ARQ protocol, 186
initial access, 70–71, 332
interworking and LTE coexistence, 71–72
low-latency support, 65–66
NR BS
conducted RF requirements, 357–359
radiated RF requirements, 357–359
NR–LTE coexistence, 72f
radiated RF requirements for, 377–380
release 15, 413
resource block, 109
specifications, 172, 199
spectra identified for NR and corresponding subcarrier spacings, 62f
subcarrier spacings supported by, 105t
time-domain structure, 62–63
transmission
beam-centric design and multiantenna, 68–69
scheduling and data, 66–67
scheme, bandwidth parts, and frame structure, 61–64
timing of NR uplink transmissions, 326
ultralean design, 59–60
uplink power control, 303, 303, 304
New-candidate-beam identification, 250–251
New-data indicator, 259, 259
Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN), 8
NG control-plane part (NG-c), 77
NG interface, 77
NG user-plane part (NG-u), 77
ng-eNB, 76, 76–77
NG-RAN, 76
No coherence, 238
Noise
factor and noise floor, 406–407
figure, 374
Non-Access Stratum (NAS), 74–75
control-plane functionality, 97
Registration Update, 101
Non-DFT-precoded OFDM, 61
Non-LTE technologies, 413
Noncodebook-based precoding, 167, 167, 241–242, 242f
Noncodebook-based transmission, 237
Noncontiguous spectra, operation in, 386–387, 386f
Noninterleaved mapping, 191
Nonorthogonal access, 416
Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), 416
Nonstandalone (NSA), 357
mode, 6
operation, 75
Nonzero-power CSI-RS (NZP-CSI-RS), 141, 141–142
multiple periodic, 142
Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT), 1
Normalized target received power, 305
NR Repository Function (NRF), 75
NR uplink multiantenna precoding, 237–242
See also Downlink multiantenna precoding
codebook-based transmission, 238–240
noncodebook-based precoding, 241–242
NR-based Access to Unlicensed Spectrum, 415
Numerologies, 315
multiple and mixed, 350
numerology-independent time reference, 107
240 kHz numerology, 315
Nyquist sampling frequency, 390–391
NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSets, 142, 145

O

Occupied bandwidth, 373
Open-loop parameters, 307–308
pairs, 308
Open-loop power control, 303
Operating band unwanted emissions (OBUEs), 368
BS OBUE limits, 368–370
Operating bands, 33, 34t, 34t, 35f, 35f, 36f
Operational lifetime, 19
Operators
coexistence between operators
in geographical area in band, 351
of TDD systems, 351
colocation of BS equipment between, 351
of mobile systems, 352
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), 39–40, 61, 103–104, 314–315, 349, 408
modulator output, 328
OFDM-based downlink and uplink, 175–181
OFDM-based physical layer, flexible, 360–361
OFDM-based transmission, 2
spectrum of OFDM signal, 367–368
Orthogonal sequences, 176
Orthogonality, 328
OTA sensitivity direction declarations (OSDDs), 378–379
Out-of-band (OOB), 32
domain, 367
emission mask in, 368–370
emissions, 366, 367
Output power and dynamic range
BS, 365
device, 365–366
Output power level requirements, 361
conducted, 365–366
Outside operating band (OOB blocking), 375
Over-the-air (OTA), 349, 378
sensitivity, 378–379
testing, 357–358

P

Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), 81, 83–85, 273–276
header, 82–83
layer, 71
protocol, 82–83, 254
layers, 253–254
retransmission functionality, 275
Paging Channel (PCH), 87–88, 155
Paging Control Channel (PCCH), 87, 266
Paging message transmission, 101–102
Paired bands, 27–28
Pairwise coherence, 238
Paralleling technique, 397
Partial coherence, 238
Path-loss estimate (PL estimate), 304, 305, 306–307
Payload transmitted on PDCCH, 186
Peak data rate, 17
Peak spectral efficiency, 17
Per-CB CRC, 158
Per-CBG retransmission, 259–260, 260f
Per-slot scheduling, 91
Performance characteristics, 361
Periodic CSI-RS transmission, 139
Periodic reporting, 146, 147
Periodic SRS, 151, 242
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), 1–2
Phase Locked Loop (PLL), 392–393
Phase noise (PN), 391–395
challenges with mm-wave signal generation, 393–395
characteristics of free-running oscillators and PLLs, 392–393
Phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RS), 174, 183–184, 184f
pHEMT devices, 394–395
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), 70, 96, 313–314, 315, 315, 319, 319–323, 321–323
information carried within, 322t
PBCH/MIB, 324
Physical cell identity (PCI), 321
Physical channel, 96
Physical data shared channels, See Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), 41, 66, 67, 96, 185, 186–189, 186f, 187f, 196f, 250, 297
transmission, 248, 249
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), 69, 96, 141
downlink, 163
PDSCH/PUSCH allocation, 183
transmission, 248, 249
Physical Layer (PHY), 82, 95–96, 155
Physical Random-Access Channel (PRACH), 96, 324, 325
Physical resource blocks, 110–111, 111–112, 111f, 168
Physical resource-block groups (PRGs), 166, 166f, 235
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), 41, 67–68, 96, 146, 213, 214f
format 0, 215–217, 216f
format 1, 217–219, 218f
format 2, 219–220, 220f
format 3, 220–222, 221f
format 4, 222, 222f
groups, 116–117
power control for, 308–309
PUCCH-related information, 202
reporting, 295
resource
indicator, 262
and parameters for transmission, 223
sets, 223, 224f
structure, 214–215
Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), 96, 146
reporting, 295
transmission, 120, 303, 306–307
power-control for, 304
uplink, 163
control signaling on, 223–225
Physical-layer control
channels, 68
signaling
downlink, 185–212
uplink, 212–225
Physical-layer hybrid-ARQ functionality, 155–156, 160–162
bit interleaver, 162f
circular buffer for incremental redundancy, 161f
Picocell, 364
Planar devices, 394–395
Platooning, 54
Point A (reference point), 110–111
Polar code, 188
Policy Control Function (PCF), 75
Power
availability, 294–295
back-off, 368
consumption, 300
headroom reports, 294–296, 296f
ramping, 333
Power amplifier (PA), 368, 395–397
efficiency in relation to unwanted emission, 395–398
output power vs. frequency, 396f
saturated power-added efficiency vs. frequency, 398f
Power control, 295–296, 303
power-control commands, 303, 306
power-control-related information, 205
for PUCCH, 308–309
for PUSCH transmissions, 304
Power-added efficiency (PAE), 398
Power-spectral density (PSD), 408
Preamble, 328
power control, 333
sequence, 328, 328, 328
structure, 328
generation of NR random-access preamble, 329f
Preamble format, 330
for long preambles, 330t
for short preambles, 331t
Preamble transmission, 325–333
basic preamble structure, 328
beam establishment during initial access, 332–333
characteristics, 326–327
guard-time needs for, 326f
long vs. short preambles, 328–332
preamble power control and power ramping, 333
RACH resources, 327
Precoder codebook, 233
Precoder matrix, 41, 231
Precoder matrix indicator (PMI), 145, 233
Precoder-based uplink transmissions, 181
Precoding information, 167
Preemption, 67
indication, 205
indicator, 283
Primary cell (PCell), 116
Primary second cell (PSCell), 116–117, 213
Primary Synchronization Sequence, See Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)
Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), 70, 313–314, 314, 315–316, 319–323, 320–321, 320f
PSS/SSS, 313–314
sequences, 320
of SS block, 319
Prime-length ZC sequences, 328
Printed circuit board (PCB), 402
Prioritized bit rate (PBR), 290
Protocol Data Unit (PDU), 82
sessions, 79, 79f
Pseudo-random sequence, 176–179, 193

Q

QPSK, 365, 374
Quality-of-service (QoS), 79
flows, 79, 79f
handling, 79
Quality-of-service flow identifier (QFI), 79, 83
Quasi-colocation, 130–131
Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, 159

R

RA-RNTI, 199, 334
Radiated base-station
requirements in FR1, 378–379
requirements in FR2, 379–380
Radiated device requirements in FR2, 377–378
Radiated interface boundary (RIB), 359
Radiated RF requirements for NR, 377–380
radiated base-station requirements
in FR1, 378–379
in FR2, 379–380
radiated device requirements in FR2, 377–378
Radiated transmit power, 378
Radiated unwanted emissions requirements, 378, 379–380
Radio
access, 39–41
communication, 227–228
distribution network, 358–359
protocol architecture, 80
Radio Access Network (RAN), 23, 73, 73, 76–78, 77f, 335
Radio frequency (RF), 8, 23, 395–397
See also Reference signal(s)
ADC and DAC considerations, 390–391
bandwidth, 381–382
channel bandwidth and spectrum utilization, 353–356
characteristics, 349
conducted RF requirements for NR, 360–366
band-specific device requirements through network signaling, 363–364
BS classes, 364–365
conducted output power level requirements, 365–366
conducted receiver characteristics, 362
conducted transmitter characteristics, 361
regional requirements, 362–363
conducted sensitivity and dynamic range, 374
conducted unwanted emissions requirements, 367–374
developments of RF requirements for NR, 380–387
MSR base station, 380–382
multiband-capable base stations, 382–385
operation in noncontiguous spectra, 386–387
exposure above 6 GHz, 36–37
filtering, 398–404
filters, 409
LO generation and phase noise aspects, 391–395
PA efficiency in relation to unwanted emission, 395–398
radiated RF requirements for NR, 377–380
receiver noise figure, DR, and bandwidth dependencies
carrier frequency and mm-wave technology aspects, 408–411
compression point and gain, 407–408
noise factor and noise floor, 406–407
PSD and DR, 408
receiver and noise figure model, 405
receiver susceptibility to interfering signals, 374–376
requirements, 352–353
in different FRs, 352–353
spectrum flexibility implications, 349–352
structure
of BS RF requirements, 357–360
conducted and radiated RF requirements for NR BS, 357–359
of device, 356–357
technologies at mm-wave frequencies, 389
transmitted signal quality, 366–367
Radio Interface Specifications (RSPCs), 10
Radio Interface Technologies (RITs), 10
Radio Regulations, 9
Radio Resource Control (RRC), 97
RRC RAN Notification Area Update, 101
RRC-IDLE state, 97–98, 98
RRC-signaled pattern, 126, 126
RRC_ACTIVE state, 97–98
RRC_CONNECTED state, 98–99
RRC_INACTIVE state, 97–98, 99
signaling, 298
state machine, 97–99, 98f
Radio resource management (RRM), 23, 77, 145
Radio-access technologies (RAT), 342, 380
Radio-interface architecture
See also New Radio (NR)
control-plane protocols, 97–102
overall system architecture, 73–78
combinations of core networks and radio-access technologies, 76f
5G core network, 74–76
high-level core network architecture, 75f
radio-access network, 76–78, 77f
QoS handling, 79
radio protocol architecture, 80
user-plane protocols, 80–96, 82f
Radio-Link Control (RLC), 66, 82, 85–86, 85f, 266–273, 268f
See also New Radio (NR)
acknowledged mode and RLC retransmissions, 269–273
generation of RLC PDUs from RLC SDUs, 270f
PDUs, 83
protocol, 83, 253–254
retransmissions, 269–273
sequence numbering and segmentation, 267–269
Radio-link failure (RLF), 249–250
RAN Area Identifier (RAI), 100
RAN Areas, 100, 100f, 101
RAN Notification Area, 101
Random access, 313, 324–337
channel, 155–156
contention resolution, 335
and connection set up, 335–336
preamble, 70, 325
transmission, 325–333
procedure, 325
random-access-related MAC control elements, 89
response, 334–335
for SUL, 336–337
Random-Access Channel (RACH), 88
configuration period, 327
occasions, 327
resources, 327, 327f, 330
slots, 327, 327, 330
Random-Access Response (RAR), 324–325, 334–335
Range of angle of arrival (RoAoA), 378–379
Rank indicator (RI), 145, 233
Rate matching, 188
and physical-layer hybrid-ARQ functionality, 160–162
Re-farming, 31
Receiver
characteristics, 362, 363t
intermodulation, 375
multiantenna processing, 243
noise figure, 405–411
and noise figure model, 405
simplified receiver model, 406f
zero-IF transceiver schematic, 406f
receiver-bandwidth adaptation, 62, 112–113, 280
receiver-side directivity, 227
susceptibility to interfering signals, 362, 374–376, 378, 380
BS and device requirements for receiver susceptibility, 376f
Recovery-request transmission, 250
Redundancy version (RV), 160
Reference sensitivity, 374
and dynamic range, 378, 380
Reference signal received power (RSRP), 145, 336, 336
Reference signal(s), 174–184, 176, 217–219
See also Radio frequency (RF)
demodulation
for DFT-precoded OFDM uplink, 181–183
for OFDM-based downlink and uplink, 175–181
occasions, 40
PT-RS, 183–184
structure, 47, 179–181
Reflective mapping, 79
Regional requirements, 362–363
Regulatory bodies and administrations, 8, 9f
Relative power tolerance, 366
Relay node, 49
Relaying, 49, 49f
Release-independent frequency-band principles, 351–352
Reliability, 19
Remaining minimum system information (RMSI), 324
Remaining system information, 324
“Repetition” flag, 247
Report configurations, 142, 144–145, 233
Requirements phase, 22
Reserved resources, 61, 160, 171
Resilience, 19
Resource
allocation
type 0, 170
type 1, 170, 207
blocks, 91, 109
configuration, 146
element, 109
mapping, 167–171, 169f
Resource–element groups (REGs), 188
bundle, 191
Retransmission, 161, 259
See also Transmission
functionality, 253–254, 275
protocols
hybrid-ARQ with soft combining, 254–265
PDCP, 273–276
RLC protocol, 266–273, 268f
Robust header compression (ROHC), 83, 273–275
Root index of Zadoff–Chu sequence, 149
Rural-eMBB, 21

S

Saturation velocity (Vsat), 409
Scheduled carriers, 264
Scheduler, 91
Scheduling, 66–67, 91–93, 296–297
assignments, 116, 278
decisions, 41
discontinuous reception, 298–302
dynamic downlink, 277–283
and dynamic TDD, 296–297
dynamic uplink, 283–296
grants, 116, 285
request, 290–292, 293f
scheduling-related MAC control elements, 89
transmission without dynamic grant, 297–298, 299f
Scrambling, 162–163
Search spaces, 195–199, 198f
Second generation (2G)
of mobile communication, 1–2, 389
technologies, 1–2
Secondary Cell Group (SCG), 84
Secondary cells (SCells), 116
Secondary node, 340
Secondary synchronization signal (SSS), 70, 313–314, 314, 315–316, 319–323, 321, 321
sequence, 321
of SS block, 319
Security and privacy, 19
Segmentation, 85–86, 85f, 267–269
Segmentation information (SI), 267
Segmentation offset (SO), 267
Self-contained slots, 67–68
Self-interference, 342–343
Self-scheduling, 116, 116f, 279, 280f
Semipersistent
CSI-RS transmission, 139–140
reporting, 147
scheduling, 297
SRS, 151, 242
Semistatic codebook, 264
Semistatic scheduling, 277
Sensitivity and dynamic range requirements, 362
Sequence
index, 182–183
numbering, 267–269
Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDPA), 82, 83
Service Data Application Protocol (SDAP), 81
Service Data Unit (SDU), 82
Service-based architecture, 74
Session Management Function (SMF), 74–75
700 MHz band, 31
Shannon channel capacity, 305
Sharp filtering, 401
Shift coefficients, 160
Short preambles, 328–332, 331t
formats for long preambles, 330t
RACH time-domain occasions within RACH slot, 331t
Short PUCCH formats, 214
Short TTI (sTTI), 43, 54
Shorter SS-block periodicity, 316
Sidelink
connectivity, 417
transmission, 57
Signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR), 390–391
SNDR-based Schreier FoM, 390–391
Signaling
of frequency-domain resources, 206–209
to support beam-management procedures, 69
of time-domain resources, 209–211
of transport-block sizes, 211–212
Signaling radio bearers (SRBs), 97
Simplified receiver model, 405, 406f
Simulation, 21
Single radio-access technology, 414
Single-antenna transmission, 130
Single-panel CSI, 235–236, 235f
Single-port CSI-RS, 139
Single-TX operation, 342–344
Single-user MIMO, 41
Sixteen-QAM signal Ψ16Ψ, 374, 391, 392f
Slot, 107
aggregation, 211
format, 124–128, 125f
Slot-format indication/indicator (SFI), 124–128, 125f, 126, 126–127, 127f, 205
Small cells, 48–52
on/off, 49–50
Soft combining, 161, 254–265, 257–259
hybrid-ARQ with
downlink hybrid-ARQ, 259–260
dynamic hybrid-ARQ acknowledgment codebook, 265f
multiplexing of hybrid-ARQ acknowledgments, 262–265
semistatic hybrid-ARQ acknowledgment codebook, 263f
timing of uplink acknowledgments, 260–262, 261f
uplink hybrid-ARQ, 260
Sounding reference signals (SRS), 92, 133, 147–153, 167, 174, 310
See also Channel-state-information reference signals (CSI-RS)
comb-based frequency multiplexing, 149f
control commands, 206
mapping to physical antennas, 152–153
multiport, 150–151, 150f
resource set, 151
sequences, 149–150
time-domain structure, 151
time/frequency structures, 148f
Zadoff–Chu sequences, 149–150
Sparse frequency raster, 70
Sparse SS-block raster, 70
Sparse synchronization raster, 316
Spatial filtering, 143–144
Spatial multiplexing, 103, 179–181, 227
Spectrum, 415, 418–419
for 5G
frequency bands for NR, 32–36
global spectrum situation for 5G, 31–32
new IMT bands under study in ITU-R TG 5/1, 30f
RF exposure above 6 GHz, 36–37
spectrum defined for IMT systems by ITU-R, 28–31
spectrum for mobile systems, 27–32
allocations
aggregation, 352
diverse, 350
analyzers, 352
and bandwidth flexibility, 19
block definitions, 350
coexistence, 339–340
efficiency, 18
flexibility, 39, 43–46, 59, 121, 349, 354
implications, 349–352
LAA, 45–46, 46f
full duplex on link level vs. cell level, 419f
mask, 364
for mobile systems, 27–32
of OFDM signal, 367–368
regulation, 8
utilization, 353–356, 356t
Spectrum emissions mask (SEM), 367
device, 370
Spider web” diagrams, 16, 16f
Split bearers, 84
Spurious domain, 367
Spurious emissions, 367, 373
Spurious response frequencies, 375
SRS resource indicator (SRI), 167, 205, 239–240, 241–242
SS-block periodicity, 316
Stacking technique, 397
Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs), 7
Static frequency-domain sharing, 344, 345
Static split, 50–51
Subcarrier spacing, 107
Subframe(s), 106–107, 107f
duration of 1 ms, 40
Submission template, 13
Suitable beam pair, 243, 244, 245
adjusted downlink, 245
in downlink direction, 244f
suitable downlink, 247–248
suitable transmitter/receiver, 243–244
Supplementary Downlink bands (SDL bands), 27–28, 120, 351
Supplementary uplink (SUL), 71–72, 117–120, 118f, 119f, 119f, 351
bands, 27–28
control signaling, 120
random access for, 336–337
relation to carrier aggregation, 119–120
SUL/non-SUL indicator, 120
Synchronization raster, 115, 316
Synchronization Signal block (SS block), 70, 134, 146, 244, 244–245, 246, 248, 250, 313, 313–315
burst set, 317–319, 317f
time-domain locations of SS block within, 318f
frequency-domain position, 315–316
numerologies and frequency ranges, 315t
periodicity, 316–317
time index, 322, 323, 332
time–frequency structure of single SS block, 314f
Synchronous hybrid-ARQ protocol, 186
System frame number (SFN), 106–107
System Information Blocks (SIBs), 324
SIB1, 323, 324, 324
configuration, 323
numerology, 323
reception, 323
System Information RNTI (SI-RNTI), 324
System-in-package (SiP), 409
System-level simulations, 21
System-on-chip (SoC), 409

T

Tactile internet, 14–15
Target received power, 304
TC-RNTI, 334, 336
TD-SCDMA, 2
Technical requirements, 13
Technical Specifications (TS), 25
Technical Specifications Groups (TSGs), 23
Technology, 419
“Technology-neutral” manner, 351–352
Test environments, 21
Testing and verification phase, 23
TG 5/1 task group, 30
Third generation (3G), 1–2
mobile communication, 389
Third generation of mobile communication, 1–2
Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 2–3, 7, 359, 377, 380–381, 414
organization, 24f
process, 22–25
radio-access technologies, 380
specifications, 382, 389
of 5G, 25–26
standardization, 22–26
phases and iterative process, 22f
timeline, 58f
Third-order intercept point (IP3), 407
32-port CSI-RS, 137, 139f
3D gaming, 14–15
Time domain, 166, 171–172, 225
allocation, 209, 210f
for DM-RS, 176
bitmap, 172
property of CSI-RS configurations, 139–140
resource
allocation, 204
signaling, 209–211
structure, 106–108
of SRS, 151
windowing, 367–368
Time index, 319
Time multiplexed reference signals, 181–182
Time Division Duplex (TDD), 1–2, 27–28, 39, 64, 121, 121–123
carrier, 344
coexistence between operators of TDD systems, 351
operation, 365
scheme, 418
TDD-capable device, 45
Time-domain sharing (TDM), 135
Time–frequency
resource, 168, 189
time/frequency-domain CDM, 137
time–frequency-code resources, 223
Timing advanced groups (TAGs), 312
Timing-advance, 310, 311, 311f
MAC control elements, 89
Total Access Communication System (TACS), 1
Total DAI (tDAI), 264–265
Total radiated power (TRP), 377
Tracking Area Identifier (TAI), 100
Tracking Areas, 100, 100f, 101
Tracking device, 100–101
Tracking reference signal (TRS), 142–143, 143f, 174
Traffic
channel, 86–87
situation, 51
Transceiver array boundary (TAB), 358–359
Transceiver unit array, 358–359
Transmission, 259
bandwidth configuration, 354
to device A and B, 283
without dynamic grant, 297–298, 299f
parameters, 298
rank, 41
structure
antenna ports, 128–130, 129t
carrier aggregation, 115–117
duplex schemes, 121–128
frequency-domain location of NR carriers, 114–115
frequency-domain structure, 109–112
quasi-colocation, 130–131
subcarrier spacings supported by NR, 105t
symbol alignment, 106f
time-domain structure, 106–108
transmission scheme, 103–106
timing of NR uplink transmissions, 326
Transmission Configuration Index (TCI), 165, 193–194, 248–249, 248, 249
Transmission configuration indication, See Transmission Configuration Index (TCI)
Transmission Reception Point (TRP), 18
Transmission Time Interval (TTI), 87, 155
Transmit multiple multiport SRS, 239–240
Transmit-timing advance, 310
Transmitted signal quality, 366–367, 378, 379
BS time alignment, 367
device in-band emissions, 366
EVM and frequency error, 366
requirements, 361
Transmitter
characteristics, 361, 362t
intermodulation, 373–374
requirements, 361
Transparent mode (TM), 85, 266
Transport block(s), 87, 157
sizes signaling, 211–212, 212f
transport-block-related information, 201–202, 204
Transport channels, 86–91
processing, 156f
channel coding, 157–160
downlink reserved resources, 171–173
layer mapping, 163
modulation, 163
multiantenna precoding, 164–167
rate matching and physical-layer hybrid-ARQ functionality, 160–162
reference signals, 174–184
resource mapping, 167–171
scrambling, 162–163
uplink DFT precoding, 164
transmission, 167–168
types, 87–88
Transport Format (TF), 87, 304
Transport-format selection, 87
TSG RAN, 23
26 GHz band, 32
Two-dimensional beamforming, 46
Two-port CSI-RS, 136, 136f
Type 0, bitmap-based allocation scheme, 206–207
Type 1 power headroom reporting, 295
Type 2 power headroom reporting, 295
Type 3 power headroom reporting, 295
Type I CSI, 234–236
multipanel CSI, 234, 236
single-panel CSI, 234, 235–236
Type II CSI, 236–237

U

UE power class, 365
UE Registration Area, 101, 101
UL/SUL indicator, 204
Ultra-Low-Latency and Reliable communication (URLLC), 4, 11–12, 14–15, 53, 416
Ultralean design, 59–60
Unacknowledged mode (UM), 85, 266, 267
Unified Data Management (UDM), 75
Unlicensed spectra, operation in, 415–416
Unpaired bands, 27–28
Unwanted emissions
limits, 362
requirements, 361, 367–374
Uplink, 155–156, 212–225, 418
See also Downlink
acknowledgment timing, 260–262, 261f
beam adjustment, 247–248
codebook, 239, 239f
constraints, 344
control signaling on PUSCH, 223–225
DFT precoding, 164
hybrid-ARQ, 260
message, 335
orthogonality, 310
π/2-BPSK, 163
precoding, 167, 182f
priority handling, 288–290
PUCCH
format 0, 215–217
format 1, 217–219
format 2, 219–220
format 3, 220–222
format 4, 222
structure, 214–215
reference
and parameters for PUCCH transmission, 223
signals, 182–183, 183f
scheduler, 91, 283
scheduling, 91
assignments, 308–309
grants, 202–205
sounding signals, 127
spatial multiplexing, 47
symbols, 126
timing control, 310–312
uplink-only coexistence, 346
uplink-path-loss estimate, 306
uplink–downlink allocation, 39, 65
Uplink channel sounding, 147–153
See also Downlink channel sounding
mapping to physical antennas, 152–153
multiport SRS, 150–151, 150f
SRS resource set, 151
SRS sequences and Zadoff–Chu sequences, 149–150
time-domain structure of SRS, 151
Uplink control information (UCI), 67–68, 96
Uplink power control, 303–310
See also Beam-based power control
baseline power control, 304–306
beam-based power control, 306–308
in case of multiple uplink carriers, 309–310
commands, 206
for PUCCH, 308–309
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH), 88, 155
Urban Macro-mMTC, 21
Urban Macro-URLLC, 21
Usage scenarios, 11–12, 29
for IMT-2020, 14–16
User Equipment (UE), 74–75, 357
User experienced data rate, 18
User Plane Function (UPF), 74
User-plane protocols, 80–96, 82f
See also Control-plane protocols
MAC, 86–95
PDCP, 83–85
physical layer, 95–96
RLC, 85–86, 85f
SDAP, 83
Uu interface, 77

V

Van diagram, 10, 11f
Vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X communication), 43, 54–55, 55f
Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V communication), 14–15, 43, 54–55, 55f
Virtual resource blocks, 111–112, 168, 207
“Vision” recommendation, 11–12, 12
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), 392

W

Wi-Fi, 45–46, 415
Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), 3
Wideband reference signals, 193
Wireless
communication systems, 97–98
technology for backhaul, 413
wireless-backhaul solutions, 413
WLAN interworking, 51–52
Working Party 5D (WP5D), 9–10
World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC), 28–29
WARC-92, 28
World Radio-communication Conference (WRC), 9, 28–29
WRC-15, 12, 13, 29
WRC-19, 12

X

Xn interface, 77

Z

Zadoff–Chu sequences (ZC sequences), 149–150, 182–183, 328, 328
Zero-correlation zone parameter, 328
Zero-power CSI-RS (ZP-CSI-RS), 141–142
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