- Preliminaries
- Dedication
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Signal Representation and Modeling
- Chapter Objectives
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Mathematical Modeling of Signals
- 1.3 Continuous-Time Signals
- 1.4 Discrete-Time Signals
- 1.5 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 1.1
- Figure 1.1
- Figure 1.2
- Figure 1.3
- Figure 1.4
- Figure 1.5
- Figure 1.6
- Figure 1.7
- Figure 1.8
- Figure 1.9
- Figure 1.10
- Figure 1.11
- Figure 1.12
- Figure 1.13
- Figure 1.14
- Figure 1.15
- Figure 1.16
- Figure 1.17
- Figure 1.18
- Figure 1.19
- Figure 1.20
- Figure 1.21
- Figure 1.22
- Figure 1.23
- Figure 1.24
- Figure 1.25
- Figure 1.26
- Figure 1.27
- Figure 1.28
- Figure 1.29
- Figure 1.30
- Figure 1.31
- Figure 1.32
- Figure 1.33
- Figure 1.34
- Figure 1.35
- Figure 1.36
- Figure 1.37
- Figure 1.38
- Figure 1.39
- Figure 1.40
- Figure 1.41
- Figure 1.42
- Figure 1.43
- Figure 1.44
- Figure 1.45
- Figure 1.46
- Figure 1.47
- Figure 1.48
- Figure 1.49
- Figure 1.50
- Figure 1.51
- Figure 1.52
- Figure 1.53
- Figure 1.54
- Figure 1.55
- Figure 1.56
- Figure 1.57
- Figure 1.58
- Figure 1.59
- Figure 1.60
- Figure 1.61
- Figure 1.62
- Figure 1.63
- Figure 1.64
- Figure 1.65
- Figure 1.66
- Figure 1.67
- Figure 1.68
- Figure 1.69
- Figure 1.70
- Figure 1.71
- Figure 1.72
- Figure 1.73
- Figure 1.74
- Figure 1.75
- Figure 1.76
- Figure 1.77
- Figure 1.78
- Figure 1.79
- Figure 1.80
- Figure 1.81
- Figure 1.82
- Figure 1.83
- Figure 1.84
- Figure 1.85
- Figure 1.86
- Figure 1.87
- Figure 1.88
- Figure 1.89
- Figure 1.90
- Figure 1.91
- Figure 1.92
- Figure 1.93
- Figure P. 1.2
- Figure P. 1.4
- Figure P. 1.10
- Figure P. 1.12
- Figure P. 1.13
- Figure P. 1.23
- Figure P. 1.25
- Figure P. 1.33
- Figure P. 1.39
- Figure P. 1.51
- Chapter 2 Analyzing Continuous-Time Systems in the Time Domain
- Chapter Objectives
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Linearity and Time Invariance
- 2.3 Differential Equations for Continuous-Time Systems
- 2.4 Constant-Coefficient Ordinary Differential Equations
- 2.5 Solving Differential Equations
- 2.6 Block Diagram Representation of Continuous-Time Systems
- 2.7 Impulse Response and Convolution
- 2.8 Causality in Continuous-Time Systems
- 2.9 Stability in Continuous-Time Systems
- 2.10 Approximate Numerical Solution of a Differential Equation
- 2.11 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 2.1
- Figure 2.1
- Figure 2.2
- Figure 2.3
- Figure 2.4
- Figure 2.5
- Figure 2.6
- Figure 2.7
- Figure 2.8
- Figure 2.9
- Figure 2.10
- Figure 2.11
- Figure 2.12
- Figure 2.13
- Figure 2.14
- Figure 2.15
- Figure 2.16
- Figure 2.17
- Figure 2.18
- Figure 2.19
- Figure 2.20
- Figure 2.21
- Figure 2.22
- Figure 2.23
- Figure 2.24
- Figure 2.25
- Figure 2.26
- Figure 2.27
- Figure 2.28
- Figure 2.29
- Figure 2.30
- Figure 2.31
- Figure 2.32
- Figure 2.33
- Figure 2.34
- Figure 2.35
- Figure 2.36
- Figure 2.37
- Figure 2.38
- Figure 2.39
- Figure 2.40
- Figure 2.41
- Figure 2.42
- Figure 2.43
- Figure 2.44
- Figure 2.45
- Figure 2.46
- Figure 2.47
- Figure 2.48
- Figure 2.49
- Figure 2.50
- Figure 2.51
- Figure 2.52
- Figure 2.53
- Figure P. 2.2
- Figure P. 2.4
- Figure P. 2.5
- Figure P. 2.12
- Figure P. 2.17
- Figure P. 2.18
- Figure P. 2.19
- Figure P. 2.20
- Figure P. 2.23
- Figure P. 2.24
- Figure P. 2.30
- Figure P. 2.36
- Figure P. 2.37
- Table 2.1
- Chapter 3 Analyzing Discrete-Time Systems in the Time Domain
- Chapter Objectives
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Linearity and Time Invariance
- 3.3 Difference Equations for Discrete-Time Systems
- 3.4 Constant-Coefficient Linear Difference Equations
- 3.5 Solving Difference Equations
- 3.6 Block Diagram Representation of Discrete-Time Systems
- 3.7 Impulse Response and Convolution
- 3.8 Causality in Discrete-Time Systems
- 3.9 Stability in Discrete-Time Systems
- 3.10 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 3.1
- Figure 3.1
- Figure 3.2
- Figure 3.3
- Figure 3.4
- Figure 3.5
- Figure 3.6
- Figure 3.7
- Figure 3.8
- Figure 3.9
- Figure 3.10
- Figure 3.11
- Figure 3.12
- Figure 3.13
- Figure 3.14
- Figure 3.15
- Figure 3.16
- Figure 3.17
- Figure 3.18
- Figure 3.19
- Figure 3.20
- Figure 3.21
- Figure 3.22
- Figure 3.23
- Figure 3.24
- Figure 3.25
- Figure 3.26
- Figure 3.27
- Figure 3.28
- Figure 3.29
- Figure 3.30
- Figure 3.31
- Figure 3.32
- Figure 3.33
- Figure 3.34
- Figure 3.35
- Figure P. 3.3
- Figure P. 3.19
- Figure P. 3.20
- Figure P. 3.21
- Figure P. 3.22
- Figure P. 3.32
- Figure P. 3.35
- Table 3.1
- Chapter 4 Fourier Analysis for Continuous-Time Signals and Systems
- Chapter Objectives
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Analysis of Periodic Continuous-Time Signals
- 4.3 Analysis of Non-Periodic Continuous-Time Signals
- 4.3.1 Fourier transform
- 4.3.2 Existence of Fourier transform
- 4.3.3 Developing further insight
- 4.3.4 Fourier transforms of some signals
- 4.3.5 Properties of the Fourier transform
- Linearity
- Duality
- Symmetry of the Fourier Transform
- Transforms of even and odd signals
- Time shifting
- Frequency shifting
- Modulation property
- Time and frequency scaling
- Differentiation in the time domain
- Differentiation in the frequency domain
- Convolution property
- Multiplication of two signals
- Integration
- 4.3.6 Applying Fourier transform to periodic signals
- 4.4 Energy and Power in the Frequency Domain
- 4.5 System Function Concept
- 4.6 CTLTI Systems with Periodic Input Signals
- 4.7 CTLTI Systems with Non-Periodic Input Signals
- 4.8 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 4.1
- Figure 4.1
- Figure 4.2
- Figure 4.3
- Figure 4.4
- Figure 4.5
- Figure 4.6
- Figure 4.7
- Figure 4.8
- Figure 4.9
- Figure 4.10
- Figure 4.11
- Figure 4.12
- Figure 4.13
- Figure 4.14
- Figure 4.15
- Figure 4.16
- Figure 4.17
- Figure 4.18
- Figure 4.19
- Figure 4.20
- Figure 4.21
- Figure 4.22
- Figure 4.23
- Figure 4.24
- Figure 4.25
- Figure 4.26
- Figure 4.27
- Figure 4.28
- Figure 4.29
- Figure 4.30
- Figure 4.31
- Figure 4.32
- Figure 4.33
- Figure 4.34
- Figure 4.35
- Figure 4.36
- Figure 4.37
- Figure 4.38
- Figure 4.39
- Figure 4.40
- Figure 4.41
- Figure 4.42
- Figure 4.43
- Figure 4.44
- Figure 4.45
- Figure 4.46
- Figure 4.47
- Figure 4.48
- Figure 4.49
- Figure 4.50
- Figure 4.51
- Figure 4.52
- Figure 4.53
- Figure 4.54
- Figure 4.55
- Figure 4.56
- Figure 4.57
- Figure 4.58
- Figure 4.59
- Figure 4.60
- Figure 4.61
- Figure 4.62
- Figure 4.63
- Figure 4.64
- Figure 4.65
- Figure 4.66
- Figure 4.67
- Figure 4.68
- Figure 4.69
- Figure 4.70
- Figure 4.71
- Figure 4.72
- Figure 4.73
- Figure 4.74
- Figure 4.75
- Figure 4.76
- Figure 4.77
- Figure 4.78
- Figure 4.79
- Figure 4.80
- Figure 4.81
- Figure 4.82
- Figure 4.83
- Figure 4.84
- Figure 4.85
- Figure 4.86
- Figure 4.87
- Figure 4.88
- Figure 4.89
- Figure 4.90
- Figure 4.91
- Figure 4.92
- Figure 4.93
- Figure 4.94
- Figure 4.95
- Figure 4.96
- Figure 4.97
- Figure 4.98
- Figure 4.99
- Figure P. 4.2
- Figure P. 4.5
- Figure P. 4.7
- Figure P. 4.8
- Figure P. 4.11
- Figure. P.4.14
- Figure P. 4.19
- Figure. P.4.20
- Figure. P.4.23
- Figure. P.4.31
- Figure. P.4.34
- Figure P. 4.47
- Figure P. 4.48
- Table 4.1
- Chapter 5 Fourier Analysis for Discrete-Time Signals and Systems
- Chapter Objectives
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Analysis of Periodic Discrete-Time Signals
- 5.3 Analysis of Non-Periodic Discrete-Time Signals
- 5.4 Energy and Power in the Frequency Domain
- 5.5 System Function Concept
- 5.6 DTLTI Systems with Periodic Input Signals
- 5.7 DTLTI Systems with Non-Periodic Input Signals
- 5.8 Discrete Fourier Transform
- 5.9 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 5.1
- Figure 5.1
- Figure 5.2
- Figure 5.3
- Figure 5.4
- Figure 5.5
- Figure 5.6
- Figure 5.7
- Figure 5.8
- Figure 5.9
- Figure 5.10
- Figure 5.11
- Figure 5.12
- Figure 5.13
- Figure 5.14
- Figure 5.15
- Figure 5.16
- Figure 5.17
- Figure 5.18
- Figure 5.19
- Figure 5.20
- Figure 5.21
- Figure 5.22
- Figure 5.23
- Figure 5.24
- Figure 5.25
- Figure 5.26
- Figure 5.27
- Figure 5.28
- Figure 5.29
- Figure 5.30
- Figure 5.31
- Figure 5.32
- Figure 5.33
- Figure 5.34
- Figure 5.35
- Figure 5.36
- Figure 5.37
- Figure 5.38
- Figure 5.39
- Figure 5.40
- Figure 5.41
- Figure 5.42
- Figure 5.43
- Figure 5.44
- Figure 5.45
- Figure 5.46
- Figure 5.47
- Figure 5.48
- Figure 5.49
- Figure 5.50
- Figure 5.51
- Figure 5.52
- Figure 5.53
- Figure 5.54
- Figure 5.55
- Figure 5.56
- Figure 5.57
- Figure P.5.3
- Figure P.5.4
- Figure P.5.8
- Figure P.5.9
- Figure P.5.37
- Figure P.5.45
- Table 5.1
- Chapter 6 Sampling and Reconstruction
- Chapter Objectives
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Sampling of a Continuous-Time Signal
- 6.3 Reconstruction of a Signal from Its Sampled Version
- 6.4 Resampling Discrete-Time Signals
- 6.5 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 6.1
- Figure 6.1
- Figure 6.2
- Figure 6.3
- Figure 6.4
- Figure 6.5
- Figure 6.6
- Figure 6.7
- Figure 6.8
- Figure 6.9
- Figure 6.10
- Figure 6.11
- Figure 6.12
- Figure 6.13
- Figure 6.14
- Figure 6.15
- Figure 6.16
- Figure 6.17
- Figure 6.18
- Figure 6.19
- Figure 6.20
- Figure 6.21
- Figure 6.22
- Figure 6.23
- Figure 6.24
- Figure 6.25
- Figure 6.26
- Figure 6.27
- Figure 6.28
- Figure 6.29
- Figure 6.30
- Figure 6.31
- Figure 6.32
- Figure 6.33
- Figure 6.34
- Figure 6.35
- Figure 6.36
- Figure 6.37
- Figure 6.38
- Figure 6.39
- Figure 6.40
- Figure 6.41
- Figure 6.42
- Figure 6.43
- Figure 6.44
- Figure 6.45
- Figure 6.46
- Figure 6.47
- Figure 6.48
- Figure 6.49
- Figure 6.50
- Figure 6.51
- Figure 6.52
- Figure 6.53
- Figure 6.54
- Figure 6.55
- Figure 6.56
- Figure 6.57
- Figure P. 6.1
- Figure P. 6.2
- Figure P. 6.14
- Figure P. 6.15
- Figure P. 6.19
- Table 6.1
- Chapter 7 Laplace Transform for Continuous-Time Signals and Systems
- Chapter Objectives
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Characteristics of the Region of Convergence
- 7.3 Properties of the Laplace Transform
- 7.4 Inverse Laplace Transform
- 7.5 Using the Laplace Transform with CTLTI Systems
- 7.5.1 Relating the system function to the differential equation
- 7.5.2 Response of a CTLTI system to a complex exponential signal
- 7.5.3 Response of a CTLTI system to an exponentially damped sinusoid
- 7.5.4 Pole-zero plot for a system function
- 7.5.5 Graphical interpretation of the pole-zero plot
- 7.5.6 System function and causality
- 7.5.7 System function and stability
- 7.5.8 Allpass systems
- 7.5.9 Inverse systems
- 7.5.10 Bode plots
- 7.6. Simulation Structures for CTLTI Systems
- 7.7 Unilateral Laplace Transform
- 7.5 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 7.1
- Figure 7.1
- Figure 7.2
- Figure 7.3
- Figure 7.4
- Figure 7.5
- Figure 7.6
- Figure 7.7
- Figure 7.8
- Figure 7.9
- Figure 7.10
- Figure 7.11
- Figure 7.12
- Figure 7.13
- Figure 7.14
- Figure 7.15
- Figure 7.16
- Figure 7.17
- Figure 7.18
- Figure 7.19
- Figure 7.20
- Figure 7.21
- Figure 7.22
- Figure 7.23
- Figure 7.24
- Figure 7.25
- Figure 7.26
- Figure 7.27
- Figure 7.28
- Figure 7.29
- Figure 7.30
- Figure 7.31
- Figure 7.32
- Figure 7.33
- Figure 7.34
- Figure 7.35
- Figure 7.36
- Figure 7.37
- Figure 7.38
- Figure 7.39
- Figure 7.40
- Figure 7.41
- Figure 7.42
- Figure 7.43
- Figure 7.44
- Figure 7.45
- Figure 7.46
- Figure 7.47
- Figure 7.48
- Figure 7.49
- Figure 7.50
- Figure 7.51
- Figure 7.52
- Figure 7.53
- Figure 7.54
- Figure 7.55
- Figure 7.56
- Figure 7.57
- Figure 7.58
- Figure 7.59
- Figure 7.60
- Figure 7.61
- Figure 7.62
- Figure 7.63
- Figure 7.64
- Figure 7.65
- Figure 7.66
- Figure 7.67
- Figure 7.68
- Figure 7.69
- Figure 7.70
- Figure 7.71
- Figure 7.72
- Figure 7.73
- Figure 7.74
- Figure 7.75
- Figure 7.76
- Figure 7.77
- Figure 7.78
- Figure 7.79
- Figure 7.80
- Figure P. 7.3
- Figure P. 7.13
- Figure P. 7.14
- Figure P. 7.15
- Figure P. 7.34
- Figure P. 7.48
- Figure P. 7.49
- Chapter 8 z-Transform for Discrete-Time Signals and Systems
- Chapter Objectives
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Characteristics of the Region of Convergence
- 8.3 Properties of the z-Transform
- 8.4 Inverse z-Transform
- 8.5 Using the z-Transform with DTLTI Systems
- 8.5.1 Relating the system function to the difference equation
- 8.5.2 Response of a DTLTI system to complex exponential signal
- 8.5.3 Response of a DTLTI system to exponentially damped sinusoid
- 8.5.4 Graphical interpretation of the pole-zero plot
- 8.5.5 System function and causality
- 8.5.6 System function and stability
- 8.5.7 Allpass systems
- 8.5.8 Inverse systems
- 8.6 Implementation Structures for DTLTI Systems
- 8.7 Unilateral z-Transform
- 8.8 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Project
- Figure 8.1
- Figure 8.1
- Figure 8.2
- Figure 8.3
- Figure 8.4
- Figure 8.5
- Figure 8.6
- Figure 8.7
- Figure 8.8
- Figure 8.9
- Figure 8.10
- Figure 8.11
- Figure 8.12
- Figure 8.13
- Figure 8.14
- Figure 8.15
- Figure 8.16
- Figure 8.17
- Figure 8.18
- Figure 8.19
- Figure 8.20
- Figure 8.21
- Figure 8.22
- Figure 8.23
- Figure 8.24
- Figure 8.25
- Figure 8.26
- Figure 8.27
- Figure 8.28
- Figure 8.29
- Figure 8.30
- Figure 8.31
- Figure 8.32
- Figure 8.33
- Figure 8.34
- Figure 8.35
- Figure 8.36
- Figure 8.37
- Figure 8.38
- Figure 8.39
- Figure 8.40
- Figure 8.41
- Figure 8.42
- Figure 8.43
- Figure 8.44
- Figure 8.45
- Figure 8.46
- Figure 8.47
- Figure 8.48
- Figure 8.49
- Figure 8.50
- Figure 8.51
- Figure 8.52
- Figure 8.53
- Figure 8.54
- Figure 8.55
- Figure 8.56
- Figure 8.57
- Figure 8.58
- Figure 8.59
- Figure 8.60
- Figure 8.61
- Figure P. 8.3
- Figure P. 8.33
- Figure P. 8.56
- Chapter 9 State-Space Analysis of Systems
- Chapter Objectives
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 State-Space Modeling of Continuous-Time Systems
- 9.2.1 State-space models for CTLTI systems
- 9.2.2 Obtaining state-space model from physical description
- 9.2.3 Obtaining state-space model from differential equation
- 9.2.4 Obtaining state-space model from system function
- 9.2.5 Alternative state-space models
- 9.2.6 CTLTI systems with multiple inputs and/or outputs
- 9.2.7 Solution of state-space model
- 9.2.8 Computation of the state transition matrix
- 9.2.9 Obtaining system function from state-space model
- 9.3 State-Space Modeling of Discrete-Time Systems
- 9.4 Discretization of Continuous-Time State-Space Model
- 9.5 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- Figure 9.1
- Chapter 10 Analysis and Design of Filters
- Chapter Objectives
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Distortionless Transmission
- 10.3 Ideal Filters
- 10.4 Design of Analog Filters
- 10.5 Design of Digital Filters
- 10.6 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 10.1
- Figure 10.1
- Figure 10.2
- Figure 10.3
- Figure 10.4
- Figure 10.5
- Figure 10.6
- Figure 10.7
- Figure 10.8
- Figure 10.9
- Figure 10.10
- Figure 10.11
- Figure 10.12
- Figure 10.13
- Figure 10.14
- Figure 10.15
- Figure 10.16
- Figure 10.17
- Figure 10.18
- Figure 10.19
- Figure 10.20
- Figure 10.21
- Figure 10.22
- Figure 10.23
- Figure 10.24
- Figure 10.25
- Figure 10.26
- Figure 10.27
- Figure 10.28
- Figure 10.29
- Figure 10.30
- Figure 10.31
- Figure 10.32
- Figure 10.33
- Figure 10.34
- Figure 10.35
- Figure 10.36
- Figure 10.37
- Figure 10.38
- Figure 10.39
- Figure 10.40
- Figure 10.41
- Figure 10.42
- Figure 10.43
- Figure 10.44
- Figure 10.45
- Figure 10.46
- Figure 10.47
- Figure 10.48
- Figure 10.49
- Figure 10.50
- Figure 10.51
- Figure 10.52
- Figure 10.53
- Figure 10.54
- Figure 10.55
- Figure P. 10.3
- Figure P. 10.4
- Figure P. 10.19
- Figure P. 10.32
- Figure P. 10.37
- Chapter 11 Amplitude Modulation
- Chapter Objectives
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 The Need for Modulation
- 11.3 Types of Modulation
- 11.4 Amplitude Modulation
- 11.5 Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulation
- 11.6 Single-Sideband Modulation
- 11.7 Further Reading
- MATLAB Exercises
- Problems
- MATLAB Problems
- MATLAB Projects
- Figure 11.1
- Figure 11.1
- Figure 11.2
- Figure 11.3
- Figure 11.4
- Figure 11.5
- Figure 11.6
- Figure 11.7
- Figure 11.8
- Figure 11.9
- Figure 11.10
- Figure 11.11
- Figure 11.12
- Figure 11.13
- Figure 11.14
- Figure 11.15
- Figure 11.16
- Figure 11.17
- Figure 11.18
- Figure 11.19
- Figure 11.20
- Figure 11.21
- Figure 11.22
- Figure 11.23
- Figure 11.24
- Figure 11.25
- Figure 11.26
- Figure 11.27
- Figure 11.28
- Figure 11.29
- Figure 11.30
- Figure 11.31
- Figure 11.32
- Figure 11.33
- Figure 11.34
- Figure 11.35
- Figure 11.36
- Figure 11.37
- Figure 11.38
- Figure 11.39
- Figure 11.40
- Figure P. 11.7
- Figure P. 11.9
- Figure P. 11.12
- Figure P. 11.15
- Figure P. 11.16
- Figure P. 11.21
- Table 11.1
- Appendix A Complex Numbers and Euler’s Formula
- Appendix B Mathematical Relations
- Appendix C Closed Forms for Sums of Geometric Series
- Appendix D Orthogonality of Basis Functions
- Appendix E Partial Fraction Expansion
- Appendix F Review of Matrix Algebra
- Matrix
- Vector
- Square matrix
- Diagonal matrix
- Identity matrix
- Equality of two matrices
- Trace of a square matrix
- Transpose of a matrix
- Determinant of a square matrix
- Minors of a square square matrix
- Cofactors of a square square matrix
- Adjoint of a square square matrix
- Scaling a matrix
- Addition of two matrices
- Scalar product of two vectors
- Multiplication of two matrices
- Inversion of a matrix
- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
-
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