Notes

Chapter 1

1. Viktor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy, 4th ed. (Boston: Beacon, 1992), 113–14.

2. Viktor E. Frankl, The Unconscious God (New York: Washington Square, 1975), 120.

3. Viktor E. Frankl, Recollections: An Autobiography (New York: Plenum, 1997), 53.

4. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 75.

5. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 108.

6. Viktor E. Frankl, lecture, delivered February 18, 1963, Religion in Education Foundation, University of Illinois. See also Viktor E. Frankl, Psychotherapy and Existentialism (New York: Washington Square, 1967), 147.

7. Frankl, Psychotherapy and Existentialism, 4, emphasis added.

8. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 49.

Chapter 2

1. Frankl, Autobiography, 35.

2. Frankl, Autobiography, 19. See also Anna S. Redsand, Viktor Frankl: A Life Worth Living (New York: Clarion Books, 2006).

3. See, for example, Alex N. Pattakos, “Searching for the Soul of Government,” in Rediscovering the Soul of Business: A Renaissance of Values, edited by Bill DeFoore and John Renesch, 321–23 (San Francisco: New Leaders Press, 1995). Frankl’s choice of the Greek word logos, including its spiritual underpinnings, in the naming of his school of psychotherapy was discussed in a personal conversation with Alex Pattakos, Vienna, Austria, August 6, 1996. For further evidence of Frankl’s intention to use the word in its spiritual sense, see Viktor E. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul: From Psychotherapy to Logotherapy (New York: Random House, 1986), xvii.

4. David Winston, Logos and Mystical Theology in Philo of Alexandria (Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1985). This kind of interpretation of logos received attention more recently in Karen Armstrong’s best seller A History of God, in which she notes that Saint John had made it clear that Jesus was the Logos and, moreover, that the Logos was God.

5. Frankl, Autobiography, 53

6. Frankl, Autobiography, 98.

7. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 75.

8. See also Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 117.

9. Frankl, Autobiography, 53.

Chapter 3

1. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 75.

2. Personal conversation with Alex Pattakos, Vienna, Austria, August 6, 1996. See also Viktor E. Frankl, keynote address delivered at the Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, California, December 12–16, 1990.

3. I am indebted to Dr. Myron S. Augsburger for this account. See also Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom (New York: Little, Brown, 1995).

4. Christopher Reeve, Still Me (New York: Ballantine Books, 1999), 267.

5. Interview with Christopher Reeve on Larry King Live, originally aired on February 22, 1996.

6. Reeve, Still Me, 3–4, emphasis added.

7. See Christopher Reeve, Nothing Is Impossible: Reflections on a New Life (New York: Random House, 2002). See also Dana Reeve, Care Packages: Letters to Christopher Reeve from Strangers and Other Friends (New York: Random House, 1999).

8. Frankl, keynote address delivered at the Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, California, December 12–16, 1990.

9. Frankl, Psychotherapy and Existentialism, 3.

Chapter 4

1. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 87–88.

2. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 105.

3. Viktor E. Frankl, The Unheard Cry for Meaning (New York: Washington Square, 1978), 21.

4. This ministry of meaning has continued to manifest itself beyond Chappell’s efforts to ensure that Tom’s of Maine, which became part of the Colgate-Palmolive Company in 2006, maintains its core values, beliefs, and mission as a business enterprise. Tom and Kate Chappell’s newest venture, Rambler’s Way Farm, continues their passion for creating superior products for a sustainable lifestyle, while at the same time creating a business that can be a positive force for its consumers, workers, communities, and the planet. Rambler’s Way Farm is “a company that pays homage to America’s rich history as a textile producer, while breathing new life into the domestic wool industry, through our collaboration with farmers and producers around the country.” See http://www.ramblersway.com/toms.

5. Rodney Crowell, “Time to Go Inward,” Fate’s Right Hand (Sony Music Entertainment, 2003). We’re indebted to our friend and colleague Stewart Levine for introducing us to Rodney Crowell’s music and lyrics. Some people, even though they can clearly see such prison bars, are unwilling to go inward and do something constructive about what they see. Take, for example, former major league baseball player and manager Pete Rose, whose gambling addiction, a manifestation of the will to pleasure, proved to be his own demise, as he describes in his autobiography My Prison Without Bars (New York: Rodale Books, 2004).

6. Viktor E. Frankl, The Will to Meaning, 1985 lecture (available on tape from Zeig, Tucker & Theisen, Phoenix, ISBN: 1-932462-08-2). See also Viktor E. Frankl, The Will to Meaning: Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy (New York: Penguin Books, 1988).

7. “The Classroom of the Future,” Newsweek, October 29, 2001, online at http://www.newsweek.com/classroom-future-154191.

Chapter 5

1. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 114.

2. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 115.

3. See, for example, Phil Jackson and Hugh Delehanty, Sacred Hoops: Spiritual Lessons of a Hardwood Warrior (New York: Hyperion, 1995).

4. Frankl, keynote address, delivered at the Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, California, December 12–16, 1990.

5. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 107.

6. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, xix.

7. We’re indebted to Art Jackson for introducing us to this particular exercise.

8. Frankl, Unheard Cry, 45.

Chapter 6

1. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 125.

2. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 118.

3. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 118.

4. See Ronna Lichtenberg, It’s Not Business, It’s Personal: The 9 Relationship Principles That Power Career (New York: Hyperion, 2002).

5. Jean-François Manzoni and Jean-Louis Barsoux, “The Set-Up-to-Fail Syndrome,” Harvard Business Review (March–April 1998): 101–13.

6. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 126.

7. See, for example, Charles C. Manz, The Power of Failure (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2002).

8. Management guru Tom Peters as cited in Robert Johnson, “Speakers Use Failure to Succeed,” Toronto Globe and Mail, January 30, 2001.

9. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 224.

10. Haddon Klingberg, When Life Calls Out to Us: The Love and Lifework of Viktor and Elly Frankl (New York: Doubleday, 2001), 67. See also Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 232.

11. The bookkeeper’s story as told in Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 128.

12. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 127.

13. Frankl, Autobiography, 67–68.

14. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 224.

Chapter 7

1. Frankl, Psychotherapy and Existentialism, 20.

2. The Dalai Lama and Howard C. Cutler, The Art of Happiness at Work (New York: Riverhead Books, 2003), 200.

3. Responses from MBA students to Andy Borowitz’s talk at the Wharton School as reported in USA Today, August 19, 2003.

4. Rubin Battino, Meaning: A Play Based on the Life of Viktor E. Frankl (Williston, VT: Crown House, 2002), 66. See also Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 54, emphasis added.

5. Charlotte Foltz Jones, Mistakes That Worked (New York: Delacorte, 1991).

6. Frankl, Autobiography, 98. See also Frankl, keynote address delivered at the Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, California, December 12–16, 1990; and Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 81–82.

Chapter 8

1. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 254.

2. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 125.

3. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 255.

4. See Charles Taylor, The Ethics of Authenticity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991).

Chapter 9

1. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 12.

2. Frankl as quoted in Haddon Klingberg, “When Life Calls Out to Us: The Love and Lifework of Viktor and Elly Frankl,” speech, Toronto Youth Corps, February 11, 1973, p. 289.

3. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 135.

4. Lovemore Mbigi and Jenny Maree, Ubuntu: The Spirit of African Transformation Management (Randburg, South Africa: Knowledge Resources, 1997).

5. The story “The Echo” is told in full in Alex Pattakos and Elaine Dundon, The OPA! Way: Finding Joy & Meaning in Everyday Life & Work (Dallas, TX: BenBella Books, 2015), 59.

6. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 92–93.

7. Peter M. Senge, The Fifth Discipline (New York: Currency/Doubleday, 1994), 13.

Chapter 10

1. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 105.

2. Viktor E. Frankl, Psychotherapy and Existentialism (New York: Washington Square, 1967), 122.

3. Personal conversation with Alex Pattakos, Vienna, Austria, August 6, 1996. See also Frankl, keynote address delivered at the Evolution of Psychotherapy Conference, Anaheim, California, December 12–16, 1990.

4. Michael J. Berland and Douglas E. Schoen, “How the Economic Crisis Changed Us,” Parade, November 1, 2009, pp. 4–5.

5. Frankl, Psychotherapy and Existentialism, 27.

6. “Think Millennials Have It Tough? For Generation K, Life Is Even Harsher,” The Guardian, March 19, 2016.

7. See Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 26.

8. See Mabel Sieh, “Life’s a Roller Coaster,” South China Morning Post, April 29, 2013, online at http://yp.scmp.com/article/4979/lifes-roller-coaster.

9. Mark Gerzon, Coming into Our Own: Understanding the Adult Metamorphosis (New York: Delacorte, 1992).

Chapter 11

1. Frankl, The Will to Meaning (1985 lecture). See also Frankl, The Will to Meaning: Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy.

2. See Caleb Melby, “Ellison’s Paycheck Is $103 Million and He’s Still a Bargain,” March 11, 2015, online at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-11/ellison-s-103-million-pay-seen-as-a-good-deal-for-shareholders.

3. Gallup Organization, “Engaged Employees Inspire Company Innovation,” Gallup Management Journal, October 12, 2006.

4. Amy Adkins, “Employee Engagement in U.S. Stagnant in 2015,” January 13, 2016, online at http://www.gallup.com/poll/188144/employee-engagement-stagnant-2015.aspx.

5. “One in Two US Employees Looking to Leave or Checked out on the Job, Says New What’s Working™ Research by Mercer,” June 20, 2011, online at http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110620005336/en/Employees-Leave-Checked-Job-What%E2%80%99s-Working%E2%84%A2-Research.

6. Steelcase Global Report, Engagement and the Global Workplace (Grand Rapids, MI: Steelcase, Inc., 2016), online at http://www.steelcase.com/insights/360-magazine/steelcase-global-report/.

7. For example, see Joanne Richard, “The Toxic Workplace: From Narcissists and Pot-stirrers, to Drama Queens and Bully Bosses, Ultimately Toxic People Can Take Other People Down with Them,” October 7, 2015, online at http://www.torontosun.com/2015/10/07/the-toxic-workplace.

8. Gallup Organization, “Engaged Employees Inspire Company Innovation,” Gallup Management Journal, October 12, 2006.

9. Eileen E. Morrison, George C. Burke, and Lloyd Greene, “Meaning in Motivation: Does Your Organization Need an Inner Life?” Texas State University–San Marcos, Faculty Publications, School of Health Administration, 2007.

10. Victor Lipman, “Key Management Trends for 2016? Here Are 6 Research-Based Predictions,” Forbes, January 1, 2016, online at http://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2016/01/01/key-management-trends-for-2016-here-are-6-research-based-predictions/#403e455d1071.

11. See “Satisfaction Beats Salary: Philips Work/Life Survey Finds American Workers Willing to Take Pay Cut for More Personally Meaningful Careers,” May 17, 2013, online at http://www.newscenter.philips.com/us_en/standard/news/press/2013/20130517-Philips-Work-Life-Survey.wpd#.VXYtVKZ12Ud.

12. Frankl identified three categories of values that, when actualized, provide sources of meaning: (1) creative values (that is, “by doing or creating something”); (2) experiential values (that is, “by experiencing something or encountering someone”); and (3) attitudinal values (that is, “by choosing one’s attitude toward suffering”).

13. Donald M. Berwick, Escape Fire: Designs for the Future of Health Care (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/John Wiley & Sons, 2004), 231, emphasis added.

14. “Korn Ferry Hay Group Global Study Finds Employee Engagement at Critically Low Levels,” March 31, 2016, online at http://www.kornferry.com/press/korn-ferry-hay-group-global-study-finds-employee-engagement-at-critically-low-levels/.

15. Roger Frantz and Alex Pattakos, eds., Intuition at Work: Pathways to Unlimited Possibilities (San Francisco: New Leaders Press, 1996), 4.

16. Anita Roddick, Body and Soul (New York: Crown Publishers, 1991).

17. “Analysis of Global EAP Data Reveals Huge Rise in Depression, Stress, and Anxiety over Past Three Years,” Workplace Options, December 16, 2015, online at http://www.workplaceoptions.com/polls/analysis-of-global-eap-data-reveals-huge-rise-in-depression-stress-and-anxiety-over-past-three-years/. See also John Hollon, “Last Word: New Survey Is Clear—More and More Workers Are Stressed and Depressed,” TLNT | Talent Management and HR, December 18, 2015, online at http://www.eremedia.com/tlnt/last-word-new-survey-is-clear-more-and-more-workers-are-stressed-and-depressed/#.

18. See Joe Raelin, “Finding Meaning in the Organization,” MIT Sloan Management Review 47, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 64–68.

Chapter 12

1. Frankl, The Doctor and the Soul, 130–31.

2. Kalle Lasn and Bruce Grierson, “America the Blue,” Utne Reader Online, October 28, 2000.

3. “Food & Coffee ‘On Hold’ for the Needy,” Greek News Agenda, March 1, 2016, online at http://greeknewsagenda.gr/index.php/topics/culture-society/5881-food-coffee-“on-hold”-for-the-needy.

4. Gregory Pappas, “Vanessa Redgrave: ‘The Greek People Are Showing the World How to be Human, How to Try to Help Fellow Human Beings,’” Pappas Post, January 5, 2016, online at http://www.pappaspost.com/vanessa-redgrave-the-greek-people-are-showing-the-world-how-to-be-human-how-to-try-to-help-fellow-human-beings/.

5. Sharon Crowther, “Condo Developers Boost ‘Sharing’ Features to Draw Young Buyers,” The Globe and Mail, March 25, 2016, online at http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/home-and-garden/real-estate/condo-developers-boost-sharing-features-to-draw-young-buyers/article29385716/.

6. “Korn Ferry Hay Group Global Study Finds Employee Engagement at Critically Low Levels,” March 31, 2016, online at http://www.kornferry.com/press/korn-ferry-hay-group-global-study-finds-employee-engagement-at-critically-low-levels/.

7. Thomas Moore, The Re-Enchantment of Everyday Life (New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 126.

8. Hippocrates G. Apostle and Lloyd P. Gerson, Aristotle’s Politics (Grinnell, Iowa: The Peripatetic Press, 1986), Book Γ, 84–86.

9. Alex Pattakos, “The Search for Meaning in Government Service,” Public Administration Review 64, no. 1 (2004): 106.

10. See the International Center for Leading Studies of Athens, Greece, at http://www.ticls.org/.

Chapter 13

1. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 49.

2. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 147–49.

3. See the Viktor Frankl Institute at http://www.viktorfrankl.org/e/long_cv.html.

4. Stephen R. Covey, A. Roger Merrill, and Rebecca R. Merrill, First Things First: To Live, to Love, to Learn, to Leave a Legacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 103.

5. See the Viktor Frankl Institute at http://www.viktorfrankl.org/e/.

6. Such websites as Academia.edu (https://www.academia.edu/) and ResearchGate (https://www.researchgate.net/) contain numerous references to pertinent resources in the professional and academic literature dealing with this topic. In this regard, see Stephen J. Costello, “Logotherapy as Philosophical Practice,” Philosophical Practice 11, no. 1 (March 2016): 1684–1703. For an example of Viktor Frankl’s wisdom in a mainstream consumer publication, see Elaine Dundon and Alex Pattakos, “Why Am I Here? Your Personal Answer to the Ultimate Question,” Complete Wellbeing 9, no. 1 (2014): 36–46. Complete Wellbeing is a leading, award-winning lifestyle magazine in India.

7. Michael F. Steger, Shigehiro Oishi, and Todd B. Kashdan, “Meaning in Life Across the Life Span: Levels and Correlates of Meaning in Life from Emerging Adulthood to Older Adulthood,” Journal of Positive Psychology 4, no. 1 (2009): 43–52.

8. Paul T. P. Wong, “Positive Psychology 2.0: Towards a Balanced Interactive Model of the Good Life,” Canadian Psychology 52, no. 2 (2011): 69–81. See also Dr. Paul Wong, “What Is Second Wave Positive Psychology and Why Is It Necessary?” http://www.drpaulwong.com/what-is-second-wave-positive-psychology-and-why-is-it-necessary/.

9. See the Second International Congress on Cognitive Behavioral Coaching, in Athens, Greece, at which Dr. Alex Pattakos was a keynote speaker (http://www.iccbc2016.com/). Also, in 2015, Alex was a keynote speaker at the International Existential Coaching Congress in Bogotá, Colombia.

10. See Alex Pattakos and Elaine Dundon, “Discovering Meaning Through the Lens of Work,” Journal of Constructivist Psychology, DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2015.1119084 (2016). In addition, the Global Meaning Institute offers, as meaning-centered measurement tools, MEANINGology^® Life, MEANINGology^® Work, and MEANINGology^® Team & Organizations Tests.

11. Alex Pattakos, “The Search for Meaning in Government Service,” Public Administration Review 64, no. 1 (2004): 106. See also Panagiotis Karkatsoulis, Alex Pattakos, and Efi Stefopoulou, “Looking for Ariadne’s Thread: Greece’s Public Service Workforce in Transition,” PA Times 37, no. 2 (2014): 4–5.

12. Laurence E. Lynn, Managing the Public’s Business: The Job of the Government Executive (New York: Basic Books, 1981).

13. “Viktor Frankl” entry in New World Encyclopedia, http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Viktor_Frankl.

14. Mike Fleming Jr., “Holocaust Memoir ‘Man’s Search for Meaning’ Heading to Screen,” Deadline, June 8, 2015, online at http://deadline.com/2015/06/viktor-frankl-holocaust-memoir-mans-search-for-meaning-movie-1201439694/; see also Henry Barnes, “Viktor Frankl’s Book on the Psychology of the Holocaust to Be Made into a Film,” June 9, 2015, online at http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/09/viktor-frankls-book-on-the-psychology-of-the-holocaust-to-be-made-into-a-film. In June 2016 it was reported that another production company, Straight Up Films, had acquired the rights to develop a movie based on Viktor Frankl’s memoir, Man’s Search for Meaning (http://variety.com/2016/film/news/viktor-frankl-mans-search-for-meaning-movie-1201804466/). As the details of this film project unfold and the partners in the movie’s development become clear, one thing is certain: our friends Alexander Vesely MA, director and grandson of Viktor Frankl, and Mary Cimiluca, producer of Noetic Films, Inc., are actively involved in a Hollywood film project featuring the life and work of Dr. Viktor Frankl in authentic ways, never before told!

15. Jonathan Zalman, “In Intensive Care, Jimmy Fallon Read ‘Man’s Search for Meaning’: The Late-night Host Nearly Lost His Finger, but He Found Zen via Viktor Frankl,” July 14, 2015, online at http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/192232/in-intensive-care-jimmy-fallon-read-mans-search-for-meaning.

16. Interview with Jimmy Fallon, Esquire (December 2015–January 2016), online at http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/a39744/jimmy-fallon-interview/.

17. “Jimmy Fallon Searched for the Meaning of Life while in the ICU for 10 Days,” Relevant, July 14, 2015, online at http://www.relevantmagazine.com/slices/jimmy-fallon-searched-meaning-life-while-icu-10-days.

18. For the “Law of the Forgetting Curve,” see Hermann Ebbinghaus, Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology (New York: Dover, 1964). This classic work was originally published as Über das Gedächtnis (Leipzig: Duncker and Humblot, 1885).

19. Viktor & I: An Alexander Vesely Film, produced by Mary Cimiluca, CEO, Noetic Films, Inc., 2010 (http://www.viktorandimovie.com/).

20. See Viktor Frankl Museum, Vienna, at http://www.franklzentrum.org/english/viktor-frankl-museum-vienna.html.

21. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, 134.

22. For more on the Statue of Responsibility, see http://www.statueof responsibility.com/. See also Ken Shelton and Daniel Louis Bolz, eds., Responsibility 911: With Great Liberty Comes Great Responsibility (Provo, UT: Executive Excellence Publishing, 2008). Alex Pattakos, “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Meaning,” in Responsibility 911, 72–75.