Table of Contents

Preface

Part 1 – Basic MongoDB – Design Goals and Architecture

1

MongoDB – A Database for the Modern Web

Technical requirements

The evolution of SQL and NoSQL

The evolution of MongoDB

MongoDB for SQL developers

MongoDB for NoSQL developers

MongoDB’s key characteristics and use cases

Key characteristics

Use cases for MongoDB

MongoDB criticism

MongoDB configuration and best practices

Operational best practices

Schema design best practices

Best practices for write durability

Best practices for replication

Best practices for sharding

Best practices for security

Best practices for AWS

Reference documentation and further reading

Summary

2

Schema Design and Data Modeling

Technical requirements

Relational schema design

MongoDB schema design

Data modeling

Data types

Modeling data for atomic operations

Read isolation and consistency

Modeling relationships

One-to-one

One-to-many and many-to-many

Modeling data for keyword searches

Modeling data for Internet of Things

Connecting to MongoDB

Connecting using Ruby

Connecting using Python

Connecting using PHP

Summary

Part 2 – Querying Effectively

3

MongoDB CRUD Operations

Technical requirements

CRUD using the shell

Scripting for the mongo shell

Administration

MapReduce in the mongo shell

Aggregation framework

Securing the shell

Authentication with MongoDB

The new mongosh shell

MongoDB Stable API

Summary

4

Auditing

Technical requirements

Auditing and logging differences

Audit setup in MongoDB Enterprise Edition

Audit events and format

Audit filters

Audit guarantee

Audit setup in MongoDB Atlas

JSON audit filter

Audit logging access

Audit case study

MongoDB CLI

Mongo shell and audit logs

Summary

5

Advanced Querying

Technical requirements

MongoDB CRUD operations

CRUD using the Ruby driver

CRUD in Mongoid

CRUD using the Python driver

CRUD using PyMODM

CRUD using the PHP driver

CRUD using Doctrine

Update operators

Smart querying

Change streams

Introduction

Queryable encryption

Summary

6

Multi-Document ACID Transactions

Technical requirements

Transactions background

Exploring ACID properties

Atomicity

Consistency

Isolation

Durability

When do we need ACID in MongoDB?

Building a digital bank using MongoDB

E-commerce using MongoDB

The best practices and limitations of multi-document ACID transactions

Summary

7

Aggregation

Technical requirements

Why aggregation?

Aggregation options

Single-purpose aggregation methods

Aggregation operators

Aggregation pipeline stages

Aggregation pipeline expression operators

Literal expression operator

Miscellaneous operators

Object expression operators

Expression string operators

Text expression operators

Timestamp expression operators

Trigonometry expression operators

Type expression operators

Time series collections

MongoDB views

Limitations

Optimizing aggregation pipelines

Aggregation use case

Summary

8

Indexing

Index internals

Index types

Building and managing indexes

Using indexes efficiently

Further reading

Summary

Part 3 – Administration and Data Management

9

Monitoring, Backup, and Security

Technical requirements

Monitoring clusters

What should we monitor?

Monitoring memory usage in WiredTiger

Tracking page faults

Working set calculations

Monitoring tools

Cluster backups

Backup options

EC2 backup and restore

Incremental backups

Securing our clusters

Authentication

Role-based access control-based authorization

Network-level security

Auditing security

Special cases

Overview

Summary

10

Managing Storage Engines

Pluggable storage engines

WiredTiger

Encrypted at rest

Client-side field-level encryption

In-memory

Other storage engines

Locking in MongoDB

Lock reporting

Lock yield

Commonly used commands and locks

Commands requiring a database lock

Further reading

Summary

11

MongoDB Tooling

Technical requirements

Introduction to MongoDB tools

MongoDB Atlas

Setting up a cluster

MongoDB Atlas Search

MongoDB Kubernetes Operator

An introduction to Kubernetes

Enterprise Kubernetes Operator

MongoDB Atlas Serverless

MongoDB Realm

Realm Sync

Realm Sync data model

Realm Sync mode

Realm Application Services

MongoDB Charts

MongoDB Compass

MongoDB Connector for Business Intelligence

MongoDB Cloud Manager

MongoDB Ops Manager

Summary

12

Harnessing Big Data with MongoDB

Technical requirements

What is big data?

The big data landscape

Message queuing systems

Data warehousing

MongoDB as a data warehouse

Big data use case with servers on-premises

Setting up Kafka 

Setting up Hadoop

Using a Hadoop-to-MongoDB pipeline

Setting up a Spark connection to MongoDB

MongoDB Atlas Data Lake

Summary

Further reading

Part 4 – Scaling and High Availability

13

Mastering Replication

Technical requirements

Replication

Logical or physical replication

Different high availability types

An architectural overview

How do elections work?

What is the use case for a replica set?

Setting up a replica set

Converting a standalone server into a replica set

Creating a replica set

Read preference

Write concern

Priority settings for replica set members

Production considerations

Connecting to a replica set

Replica set administration

How to perform maintenance on replica sets

Initial sync

Resyncing a member of a replica set

Changing the oplog’s size

Reconfiguring a replica set when we have lost the majority of our servers

Chained replication

Streaming replication

Flow control

Cloud options for a replica set

Amazon DocumentDB

Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

MongoDB Atlas

Replica set limitations

Summary

14

Mastering Sharding

Technical requirements

Why do we need sharding?

Architectural overview

Development, continuous deployment, and staging environments

Planning ahead with sharding

Setting up sharding

Choosing the shard key

Choosing the correct shard key

Sharding administration and monitoring

Balancing data – how to track and keep our data balanced

Chunk administration

Sharding limitations

Querying sharded data

The query router

Hedged reads

Querying using Ruby

Performance comparison with replica sets

Sharding recovery

mongos

mongod

Config server

A shard goes down

The entire cluster goes down

Further reading

Summary

15

Fault Tolerance and High Availability

Application design

Schema-less doesn’t mean schema design-less

Design patterns

Design anti-patterns

Read performance optimization

Defensive coding

Elevating operations

Boosting security

Enabling security by default

Isolating our servers

Checklists

Summary

Further reading

Index

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