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The animal on the cover of Java in a Nutshell, Sixth Edition, is a Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica), a subspecies unique to the island of Java. Although this tiger’s genetic isolation once presented an unrivaled opportunity to biologists and other researchers, the subspecies has all but disappearead in the wake of human encroachment on its habitat: in a worst-case scenario for the tiger, Java developed into the most densely populated island on Earth, and awareness of the Javan tiger’s precarious position apparently came too late to secure the animal’s survival even in captivity.

The last confirmed sighting of the tiger occurred in 1976, and it was declared extinct by the World Wildlife Fund in 1994. However, reports of sightings around Meru Betiri National Park in East Java and in the Muria mountain range persist. Camera traps have been used as recently as 2012 in efforts to verify the Javan tiger’s continued existence.

Many of the animals on O’Reilly covers are endangered; all of them are important to the world. To learn more about how you can help, go to animals.oreilly.com.

The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial Archive. The cover fonts are URW Typewriter and Guardian Sans. The text font is Adobe Minion Pro; the heading font is Adobe Myriad Condensed; and the code font is Dalton Maag’s Ubuntu Mono.