Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JITTFs), 186–188, 191, 307, 546
Journal of Law and Economics, 121
JRA (Japanese Red Army), 282, 284
JRIES (Joint Regional Information Exchange System), 199
JUA (Jamiat ul-Ansar), 578
JUD (Jamaat-ud-Dawa), 580
Judiciary Act of 1789, 213
Jundallah, 569–570
Kadir, Abdul, 543
Kahane Chai, 585–586
Kamikaze pilots, 339
Kashmiri, Ilyas, 546
Kata’ib Hizballah (KH), 575–576
Kelly, Raymond W., 181
Kenya embassy bombing (1998), 38
Kerr, Paul K., 523–524
KH (Kata’ib Hizballah), 575–576
Khalil, Fazlur Rehman, 578
Khameini, Ali, 574
Khan, A. Q., 361
Khan, Masoud, 539
Khan, Raja Lahrasib, 546
Khobar Towers bombing (1996), 300
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 296, 574, 595
King, Rodney, 30
Kinghoffer, Leon, 283
KKK (Ku Klux Klan), 8, 310, 314
Krar, William, 319
Krueger, Alan B., 270
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 8, 15, 310, 314
Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), 591–592, 605
La Guardia Airport bombing (1975), 281–282, 336
Labor Appropriation Act of 1924, 20
Lackawanna Six, 538
Landslides and debris flows, 381–383
Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT), xiii–340, 539, 580–581
Lashkar-i-Jhangvi (LJ), 570–571
Law Enforcement Online, 178, 200
LAX bomber, 41–42
LAX shooting, 2002, xiv
Layered defense, 130
Layered security principle, 490–491
Leaderless resistance, 327
Leave-behind bombs, 336
Left-wing extremists, 312
Legals, 327
Legionella, 355
Leiter, Michael E., 279
Lemorin, Lyglenson, 542
LeT (Lashkar-e-Tayyiba), xiii–340, 539, 580–581
Letter bombs, 337
Lewis, Bernard, 294–295
LFIG (Libyan Islamic Fighting Group), 571
Liability, 474
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 267–269, 275, 282, 290, 339, 592–593
al-Libi, Abu al-Faraj, 571
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), 571
Lidle, Cory, 513
Lincoln, Abraham, 6
Liquid explosives plot, 2006, 542
Little Rock shooting, 2009, xiv, 544
LJ (Lashkar-i-Jhangvi), 570–571
Local government, 104–107
Logic bomb, 521
Lone offender, 318
Lone wolves, 273
Long, William (“Andy”), 544
Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), 607
Los Angeles riots (1992), 113
Los Angeles ticket counter shooting, 2002, 538
LRA (Lord’s Resistance Army), 607
LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam), 267–269, 275, 282, 290, 339, 592–593
Los Macheteros, 312
Madrid train bombings (2004), 136–137
Maginot Line, 490
Malicious software, 520–521
Manifest screening, 511
MANPADS (Man-portable air defense systems), 326, 333–335
Man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS), 326, 333–335
Marine Corps, U.S., 216, 221, 266
Marine Security Operations Centers (MSOCSs), 501
Maritime and Transportation Security Act, 507
Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), 502–503
Maritime Infrastructure Recovery, 504
Maritime Operational Threat Response Plan (MOTR), 91, 502
Maritime security, 63, 410–411, 499–507
Maritime Transportation Security Act, 63
Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA), 410–411
Markle, John, 9
Martinez, Antonio, 548
Mass destruction, 261, 276–277
Mass emergencies. See Disasters and mass emergencies
Mass Migration Response Plan, 242
Mazloum, Zand Wassim, 541
McFarland, James, 9
McKevitt, Michael (“Mickey”), 590
McKinley, William, 8
McVeigh, Timothy, 182, 273, 311, 325, 330
MDA (Maritime Domain Awareness), 502–503
Media, 455
Medical care, 468–469
Medical Reserve Corps, 241, 479
Medunjanin, Adis, 545
Mehanna, Tarek, 545–546
MEK (Mujahadin-e Khalq Organization), 595–597
Merida Initiative, 76
Merryman, John, 6
Meshaal, Khalid, 605
Meth labs, 346
Metzger, Tom, 309
Mexican cartels, xv, 75–76, 495
Mexico border, 495–499
Middle East Partnership Initiative, 131
Military conflict theories, 119–120
Militia Act of 1792, 213
Militia movement, 314
Milligan, Lambdin, 7
Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla, 325
Missing Persons File, 198
Mitigation, 238–239
Mohamed, Ali, 325
Mohamed, Hesham, 538
Mohammed, Fazul Abdullah, 561
Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 537, 538, 542–543
Mohamud, Mohamed Osman, 191–192, 548
Monkeywrenching, 317
Montana Freemen, 314
Morgan, J. P., 14
Moro, Aldo, 333
Moro rebels, 274–275
Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM), 572
Mosed, Shafal, 538
MOTR (Maritime Operational Threat Response Plan), 91, 502
MSN, 478
MSOCs (Marine Security Operations Centers), 501
MTSA (Maritime Transportation Security Act), 410–411
Mubarak, Hosni, 564
Mud people, 313
Muhammad, Abdulhakim, 544
Muhlhausen, David, 498
Mujahadin-e Khalq Organization (MEK), 595–597
Mujahidh, Walli, 549
Mumbai, India terrorist attacks (2008), 162
al-Munawar, Muhammad Ahmed, 582
Munich Olympics (1972), 265, 333
Musharraf, Pervez, 579
Muslim Brotherhood, 583
Muslims, 38, 291–294, 583. See also Sunni Muslims
Mutual aid, 439
Nabhan, Saleh Ali Saleh, 561
Naim, Muhammad, 568
Narco-terrorism, 280, 286–288, 601–603
Nasrallah, Hassan, 301
Nassour, Aziz, 40
National Academy of Sciences, 159
National Alliance, 319
National Animal Health Reserve Corps, 392
National Capabilities Analysis Database, 150
National Clandestine Service, 172
National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), 90, 168, 170, 184–185, 260
National Criminal Information Center (NCIC), 195, 198
National Critical Infrastructure Protection Plan, 418
National Cyber Security Division (NCSD), 528
National Disaster Medical System, 241
National Emergencies Act, 240
National Emergency Training Center (NETC), 200
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 432
National Flood Risk Management Program, 382
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), 90, 157–158, 173
National Governors Association, 218–220
National Guard, 216, 217, 226, 377, 379–384, 390, 393, 487
National Incident Management System (NIMS), 233, 240, 244, 254
command and management, 245–246
communications and information management, 247
ongoing maintenance, 247
preparedness, 246
resource management, 246–247
supporting technologies, 247
National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC), 404–407
National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP), 408
National Intelligence Coordination Center, 168
National Intelligence Council (NIC), 169
National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), 149
National Intelligence Program (NIP), 168
National Interagency Fire Center, 384
National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System, 178, 199
National Liberation Army (ELN), 601–602
National Medical Disaster System (NMDS), 484
National nurse response team (NNRT), 485
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 215, 377, 380, 398
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, 242
National Operations Center, 244
National Park Service, 384
National pharmacist response teams (NPRTs), 485
National preparedness, 17
National Protection and Programs Directorate, 187
National Reconnaissance Office, 90, 173
National Response Framework (NRF), 233, 241–244, 254, 474
National Response Plan (NRP), 241–242
National Review, 121
National Security Act of 1947, 21, 76, 86, 111
National Security Agency (NSA), 90, 157, 170, 173, 527
National Security Council (NCS), 77, 125, 135
mission and members, 86
strategy and policy, 87
National Security Letters, 162, 186
National security strategy, xv, 3–5, 57–58, 84, 109
adequacy, 133–134
analytical tools, 139–144
assessing, 127–134
crafting, 126
framework, 126
fundamentals, 127
GAO and, 127–128
layered defense, 130
Obama, 126
offense versus defense, 129
planning, 137–139
Reagan, 126
strategic management, 134–139
sufficient, 133
war of ideas, 171–173
what and why of, 122–126
National Strategy for Homeland Security, 260
National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS), 98–99, 134–135, 449–450
National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters (NVOAD), 474, 479
National Weather Service, 378, 383, 398, 439, 452–453
Native Americans, 4
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 61–62, 130, 222, 573, 599
Natural security, 444
Nazi chemical attack, 18
Nazi Low Riders, 314
NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical), 28
NCIC (National Criminal Information Center), 195, 198
NCS. See National Security Council
NCSD (National Cyber Security Division), 528
NCTC (National Counterterrorism Center), 90, 168, 170, 184–185, 260
Near enemies, 298
Need to know, 166
Needs assessment, 467–468
Neo-Confederates, 314
Neo-Nazi National Alliance, 313
Net assessment, 143–144
NETC (National Emergency Training Center), 200
Netcentric warfare, 528
New Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, 312
New normalcy, 84
New World Order, 314
New York City blackouts (1965), 116
New York City Emergency Operations Center, 236
New York City Police Department, 155–156, 160, 540
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association), 432
NGA (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency), 90, 157–158, 173
NGOs (Nongovernmental organizations), 62, 474, 478
NIAC (National Infrastructure Advisory Council), 404–407
NIC (National Intelligence Council), 169
NIEs (National Intelligence Estimates), 149
Nigerian scam, 521
NIMS. See National Incident Management System
911 systems, 454–455
9/11 Commission (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks), 49–50, 250–252
9/11 Commission Recommendations Act, 77
9/11/2001 attacks, xiii, xvii, 24
American public response, 70–71
disaster preparedness lessons, 49–50
health and environmental consequences, 46
hijackers, 39, 43–44, 203, 206–207, 270
human costs, 44–46
meaning of, 35–52
national response and aftermath, 55–78
paving way for, 26
preventing, 31
private sector response, 70
short and long term costs, 47–48
state and local government response, 69–70
unprecedented danger, 3–4
workers in aftermath, 396
NIPP (National Infrastructure Protection Plan), 408
Nixon, Richard, 595
NMDS (National Medical Disaster System), 484
NNRT (National nurse response team), 485
No FEAR (Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act), 176
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), 215, 377, 380, 398
Noncombatants, 260–261
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 62, 474, 478
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), 102, 222–223, 501
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 61, 77, 130, 222, 573, 599
North Korea, 85, 271, 283–284, 381, 505, 529, 605, 607–608
Northern Command (NORTHCOM), 67, 101–102, 224–225, 230, 231
Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act (No FEAR), 176
November 26 (Mumbai’s day of terror), xiii
NPRTs (National pharmacist response teams), 485
NRF (National Response Framework), 233, 241–244, 254, 474
NRP (National Response Plan), 241–242
NSA (National Security Agency), 90, 157, 170, 173, 527
NTAS (National Terrorism Advisory System), 98–99, 134–135, 449–450
Nth country experiment, 362–363
Nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) materials, 28
Nuclear reactors, 425–426
Nuclear smuggling, 361–362
Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Domestic Preparedness Initiative, 28
Nur, Abdel, 543
NVOAD (National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters), 474, 479
Obama, Barack, 77, 87, 88, 126, 529
Obama administration, 529
Observation, Orientation, Decision, Action (OODA loop), 119
Occupational Safety and Health Act, 434
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 433–434
Odierno, Ray, 576
Office of Bombing Prevention, 150
Office of Homeland Security, 63–64, 67–71
Office of Intelligence and Analysis, 169
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 87–88
Office of Naval Intelligence, 17, 19
Oil spills, 29, 136, 233, 254, 371
Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing (1995), 28, 31, 70, 273, 311, 325, 330, 338, 364, 365, 417
OMB (Office of Management and Budget), 87–88
OODA loop (Observation, Orientation, Decision, Action), 119
Open Source Center, 160
Open source intelligence, 159–160
OpenSource.gov, 177
Operation Enduring Freedom, 567
Operation Gatekeeper, 23
Operation Hold the Line, 23
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 61
Operation Jump Start, 497
Operation Noble Eagle, 222, 487
Operation Rio Grande, 496
Operational security, 328–329
Operations research, 141
Operations security (OPSEC), 167
Organized crime, 14, 183, 204. See also Transnational crime
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), 433–434
Other than Mexican (OTM), 495
Othman el-Hindi, Marwan, 541
OTM (Other than Mexican), 495
Outsider attacks, 520
Overclassification, 166
Pacific Command (PACOM), 224
Pacific Northwest Economic Region (PNWER), 484
PACOM (Pacific Command), 224
Padilla, Jose, 537–538
Pahlaviwith, Mohammad Reza, 595
Pakistan, 271, 302, 339, 547, 555, 570, 572–573, 577–581
Palestine, 24, 265, 276, 281–283, 289, 298–299, 576, 581–588, 605
Palestine Liberation Front-Abu Abbas Faction, 586–587
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 24, 265, 281, 282, 289, 298–299
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), 283, 289, 576, 605, 607
Palestinian Islamic Jihad-Shaqaqi Faction, 587
Palestinian terrorism, 265
Pan-Arabism, 38
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006, 103
Pandemics, 15–17, 103, 385–389
Panetta, Leon, 517
Pape, Robert A., 275
Parliament, 213
Passenger Name Record (PNR), 511
Patterson Gregory Vernon, 540
Paul, Christopher, 544
Payen, Laguerre, 544
PCPA (People’s Committee against Police Atrocities), 597
PDD (Presidential Decision Directive), 112–113, 133, 404, 412, 424, 432, 474, 527
Peña Soltren, Luis Armando, 604
Pentagon, xvii, 20, 28, 44, 50, 56, 69, 84, 101, 330, 527, 529, 543, 555
People’s Committee against Police Atrocities (PCPA), 597
Personal protective equipment (PPE), 207
Peru, 600–601
Petri dishes of terrorism, 290
Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act of 2006, 476
PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), 276, 283, 576, 587–588, 605
PFLP-GC (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command), 588, 605
Phanor, Stanley Grant, 542
Pharming, 521–522
Phishing, 521–522
Physical security, 444
Pierce, William, 273, 311, 313, 319, 325, 327, 339
PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad), 283, 289, 576, 605, 607
Pinkerton, Alan, 8
PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party), 591–592, 605
Planning. See also Attack planning and execution; specific plans
al-Qaida, 41
community-based, 467
disaster scenarios, 372
FRP, 241–243
homeland security, 137–39, 137–139
national security strategy, 137–139
private sector preparedness, 435–442
public, personal, and family preparedness, 458–466
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), 24, 181, 265, 282, 289, 298–299
Plutonium, 360–361
PNR (Passenger Name Record), 511
PNWER (Pacific Northwest Economic Region), 484
Political correctness, xvii
Political oppression, 270–271
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 276, 283, 576, 587–588, 605
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC), 588, 605
Port security, 410–411, 504–505
Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, 8, 113, 214–215, 240, 529
Postal system and shipping, 424
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 45
PPE (Personal protective equipment), 207
Prabhakaran, Velupillai, 267–268
Preemption, 57–60
Premadasa, Ranasinghe, 592
Preparedness. See specific topics
Presidential Decision Directive (PDD), 112–113, 133, 404, 412, 424, 432, 474, 527
Private sector preparedness
definitions and standards, 432
federal requirements, 433–435
information technology continuity and recovery, 445
new world of disorder, 430–431
overview, 429
physical security, 444
planning, 435–442
supply chain security, 443–444
Usama effect, 432
voluntary, 432–433
Private Sector Preparedness Coordinating Council, 432–433
Private security agencies, 8–9
“Problem of Social Cost,” 121
Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), 501
Proto-military-industrial complex, 9
Protozoan infestation, 355
PSI (Proliferation Security Initiative), 501
PS-Prep (Voluntary Private Sector Preparedness Accreditation and Certification Program), 433
PSTN (Public switched telephone network), 421
Psychological warfare, 340–341
PTSD (Posttraumatic stress disorder), 45
Public, personal, and family preparedness
antiterrorism measures, 456–458
challenge, 448–449
community response, 466–468
indications of terrorist attack, 468–469
overview, 447
planning principles, 458–466
risk communication, 449–456, 467
Public choice theories, 120–122
Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley), 434
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act, 63, 415
Public Health Service, 16
Public Health Service Act, 240, 476
Public switched telephone network (PSTN), 421
Puerto Rican liberationists, 24
Pushpackages, 253
Qadhafi, Muammar, 284, 299, 571
QF (Quds Force), 283
Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report, 85, 88–89, 110, 227–229, 403
Quds Force (QF), 283
Racism, 38
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), 190
Radicalization, 306–307. See also Self-radicalization
Radiological weapons, 357–360
al-Rahayyal, Muhammad Abdullah Khalil Hussain, 582
Rajaei, Mohammad-Ali, 596
RAND Corp., 142
Ready Campaign, 71
Reagan, Ronald, 25, 126, 266, 297, 300
Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA), 590–591
Realism, 118
Recovery
domestic counterterrorism, 208
emergency management, 239
Maritime Infrastructure Recovery, 504
private sector preparedness, 445
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 434
response, 208
Red Cross, 11, 73–74, 439, 458–461, 464, 474, 479
Regional Information Sharing System (RISS), 178, 199–200
Religious extremists, 315
Religious groups, 481
Republic of Texas, 314
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 434
Responders
disasters, 26–28
First responders, 28
protecting, 207
Response, 63, 91, 226, 230, 387–389, 415, 479, 485, 502. See also National Response Framework; Volunteer response
community, 466–468
to contemporary terrorism, 56–61
domestic counterterrorism, 206–208
emergency management, 235–236, 239, 247
FBI, 29
Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan, 242
front-loaded, 377
government-sponsored volunteer, 484–486
grassroots, 472–473
Hurricane Andrew, 73–74
Hurricane Katrina, 102–103, 112, 211, 225, 235
incident response annexes, 245
Maritime Operational Threat Response Plan, 91
Mass Migration Response Plan, 242
9/11/2001 attacks, 55–78, 69–70, 70–71
protecting scene, 207–208
public, personal, and family preparedness, 466–468
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act, 63, 415
recognizing attack, 206
recovery, 208
reporting incident and initiating command systems, 207
securing scene, 207
state territorial, local, tribal, 247
terrorism, 56–61
Restoration Act, 240
Revenue Service, 10
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia, 268
Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17N), 597
Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front, 598–599
Revolutionary Struggle (RS), 598
Reynolds, Michael C., 541
Rhode, David, 565
Rice, Condoleezza, 267
Richter scale, 373–374
RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act), 190
Right-wing extremists, 313–315
RIRA (Real Irish Republican Army), 590–591
Risk assessment, 141, 436–437, 443–444
Risk communication, 449–456, 467
Risk mitigation, 141
RISS (Regional Information Sharing System), 178, 199–200
Robberies, 194, 204, 311, 341, 590
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 29
Rockefeller, John, 14
Rocket attacks, 341, 558, 562, 576, 582, 583, 584
Rockwood, Nadia Piroska Maria, 547
Rockwood, Paul G., Jr., 547
Rodríguez Llerena, Otto René, 604
Rollins, John, 287–288, 523–524
Rosen, Seth, 287–288
Rossmiller, Shannen, 541
Rowe, James Nicholas, 594
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 501
Royer, Randall Todd, 539
RS (Revolutionary Struggle), 598
Rubin, Irv, 315
Rudman, Warren, 41
Russia, 270, 285, 290, 353, 364, 518, 523, 563, 568, 593–594
Sadequee, Ehsanul Islam, 541
Safe Third Country Agreement, 494
SAFECOM program, 249
SAFETY Act (Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002), 439
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 501
Salat (daily prayer), 291
Salfiyya, 293–294
Salvation Army, 73
Samana, Hammad Riaz, 540
SAMs (Surface-to-air missiles), 333
San Francisco earthquake (1906), 10–11, 113
SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986), 434
Sarbanes-Oxley (Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002), 434
Saudi Arabia, 298–300
Sawm (fasting), 292
SBI Net (Secure Border Initiative), 76
SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition), 416, 418–419, 522, 524, 532
Scenario-based planning, 142–143
SCI (Secret/sensitive compartmentalized information), 165
Science, 120
SDFs (State defense forces), 486–488
SE (Sect of Revolutionaries), 599–600
Seattle Military Entrance Processing Station plot, 2011, 549
Second Gulf War, 61
Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet), 179
Secretary of defense, 220
Secret/sensitive compartmentalized information (SCI), 165
Sect of Revolutionaries (SE), 599–600
Sector-specific agencies, 4–8
Secure Border Initiative (SBI Net), 76
Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Reform Act of 2007, 75–76
Security, 4. See also Cybersecurity; Department of Homeland Security; Domain security; Homeland security; Immigration and border security; National Security Act of 1947; National Security Agency; National Security Council; National security strategy; Port security; Transportation Security Administration; specific topics
al-Qaida, 43
biosecurity, 392
Border Enforcement Security Task Forces, 497
budgets, 5
Central Security Service, 157
classification and clearances, 165–166
during Cold War, 109
Container Security Initiative, 507
Customs Air Security Officers Program, 24
domestic, 85–86
Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act, 63
Federal Information Security Management Act, 528
Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, 408
International Ship and Port Facility Security, 501
layered security principle, 490–491
maritime, 63, 410–411, 499–507
National Security Letters, 162, 186
natural, 444
operational, 328–329
OPSEC, 167
physical, 444
preparations, 167
private security agencies, 8–9
Proliferation Security Initiative, 501
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act, 63, 415
supply-chain, 443–444
United Nations Security Council, 62, 130, 577
Sedition Act of 1918, 12–13
Self-radicalization, 273–274, 318, 519
September 11, 2001. See 9/11/2001 attacks
September 11 Fund, 45
17N (Revolutionary Organization 17 November), 597
Severe storms and cold weather, 393–394
SEVP (Student and Exchange Visitor Program), 499
Al-Shabaab, 560–561
SHAC (Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty), 317–318
Shadow war, 24–28
Shah of Iran, 296
Shahada (affirming faith), 291
Shareef, Derrick, 542
Sharon, Ariel, 585
Shelfware, 138
Shelters, 464–465
Shiites, 38, 293, 296–298, 300, 302, 573–577. See also Hizballah
Shining Path, 600–601
Shukrijumah, Adnan, 545
SIGINT (Signals intelligence), 156–157
Signals intelligence (SIGINT), 156–157
Sinn Fein, 590
SIPRNet (Secret Internet Protocol Router Network), 179
Siraj, Shahawar Matin, 540
Skinheads, 314
Skyjackings, 24
Smadi, Hosam Maher Husein, 545
Small boat terrorism, 505–506
Small Business Act, 240
Smith, Benjamin, 308
Sniping, 341
Social networking, xvi, 450–452. See also Facebook; Twitter
Social Security Act of 1935, 476
Society of Visiting Nurses, 16
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea), 501
Sons of the Gestapo, 332
South Bay Police Chiefs Advisory Group, 197
SOUTHCOM (Southern Command), 223
Southern Baptist Disaster Relief, 481
Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), 223
Sovereign citizen movement, 313
Soviet Union, 22, 24, 33, 52, 61, 265, 270, 325–326
Space weather, 397–399
Spamming, 520
Spanish-American War, 5
Spear phishing, 521
Special needs, 465–466
Special weapons and tactics (SWAT), 206, 397
Specific hazards approach, 237
Stafford Act, 214, 217, 240, 476
Stansell, Keith, 602
State defense forces (SDFs), 486–488. See also National Guard
State Department, 19, 174–175, 253, 499
State duty, 216
State government, 104–107
Stealware, 521
Steel mill strikes, Homestead, Pennsylvania (1892), 9
Stephens, Darrel W., 193–196
Steuneberg, Frank, 9
Sting, 186
Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC), 317–318
Strategic management, 134–139
Strategic National Stockpile, 241, 253
Structural collapse, 395–396
Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), 499
Sudan, 37–39, 283–284, 551, 606–607
Suggestions for Protection of Industrial Facilities, 18
Suicide attacks, 339–340
Suicide bombers, 266
Suicide terrorism, 274–276
Sulfur mustard gas, 345
Sunata, Abdullah, 568
Sunni extremists, 551–573
Sunni Muslims, 38, 293, 296, 298–299, 300, 302
Sunset provision, 450
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), 434
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), 416, 418–419, 522, 524, 532
Supply chain security, 443–444
Support agencies, 99–100, 172–173, 220–221, 244–245, 390, 392, 475–477
Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002 (SAFETY Act), 439
Support operations, 171, 188, 198, 215–217, 223, 225, 230–231, 329
Supporting technologies, 247, 249–250, 252, 439, 484
Supreme Court, 10
Surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), 333
Surratt, Donald T., 539
Suspicious packages, 457
Sustainability, 474
SWAT (Special weapons and tactics), 206, 397
Swine flu, 27
Synagogue terror plot, 2009, 544
Syria, 25, 283–284, 297, 361, 546, 551, 575, 582, 604–606
Taher, Yasein, 538
Taliban, 40, 58, 280, 287, 564
Taney, Roger B., 6
Target value assessment, 413
Targeted violence, 396–397
Team B exercise, 154
Technical Escort Unit, 226–227
Technical intelligence, 158–159
Teddy bear bombs, 338
Tehran embassy siege, 296
Tehrik-E Taliban Pakistan (TTP), 302, 339, 547, 555, 570, 572–573
Tenet, George, 344
Terrorism, 491. See also al-Qaida; Attack planning and execution; Bioterrorism; Ecoterrorism; Extremism; International and transnational terrorism; Narco-terrorism; Terrorist groups
central elements, 261–262
in cyberspace, 524–525
disrupting and interdicting, 203
distributed, 273
domestic, 8
drive for mass destruction, 276–277
emergence of modern, 264–265
extremism compared to, 308–309
FBI definition, 261
front lines, 182–183
historical definition, 260
Iranian-backed, 266, 283–284, 576–577
Islamist, 294–303
overview, 259
Palestinian, 265
petri dishes, 290
plague of, 25
reasons for, 263–269
response to contemporary, 56–61
right-wing, 313
small boat, 505–506
State Department definition, 260–261
suicide, 274–276
tactics working, 264
transnational, xiv
U.S. government definitions, 260–261
Terrorism Information and Prevention System (TIPS), 71
Terrorism plots, foiled from 9/11 to 2011, 537–549
Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA), 439
Terrorism Tax, 47–48
Terrorism Threat Integration Center (TTIC), 68
Terrorist groups, 260, 266. See also specific terrorist groups
defined, 271
demographics, 271–272
modernization, cultural conflict, religion, 271
political oppression and, 270–271
poverty and ignorance among, 270
profiles, 551–608
psychology, 272
selection, indoctrination, control, 272–273
self-radicalization, 273–274
strife and, 269–270
types of, 268–274
Terrorist operations
ambushes, 332
antiaircraft missiles, 333–335
bombings, 336–339
hijackings, 336
hostage taking, 333
psychological warfare, 340–341
sieges, 340
suicide attacks, 339–340
Terrorist organization
categories, 328
cells, 327
leadership, 326–327
operational security, 328–329
Terrorist Screening Center (TSC), 68, 149, 170, 198
Terrorist Surveillance Program, 157
Terrorist Watch List, 96, 122, 140, 149, 511
Theohary, Catherine, 523–524
Theory of phenomenon, 117
Theory of practice, 117
Third Amendment, 213
Threat assessment, 413
311 systems, 454
TIA (Total Information Awareness), 161
Tiller, George, 311
Times Square attack, 2010, xiv
Times Square bomb (2012), 366
al-Timimi, Ali, 539
TIPS (Terrorism Information and Prevention System), 71
Tokyo subway bombing (1995), 28, 344
Top, Noordin Mohammad, 569
Top officials (TOPOFF), 235
Tornadoes, 378–379
Total Information Awareness (TIA), 161
Toxic Substances Control Act, 434
“The Tragedy of the Commons,” 120–121
Training, 15, 30, 40, 46, 90, 94, 102, 117, 137, 167, 179, 188–189, 197–200. See also Planning
Transnational crime, 285–286, 492
Transnational terrorism. See International and transnational terrorism
Transport Canada, 501
Transportation, 422–423
Transportation Safety Administration, 542
Transportation Security Administration (TSA), 67, 96–97, 158, 169, 171, 508–514
Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC), 410, 507, 511
Treasury Department, 10
Trend analysis, 143
TRIA (Terrorism Risk Insurance Act), 439
Trojan horse, 520
Truck bombs, 358
Truman, Harry, 310
TSA (Transportation Security Administration), 67, 171, 508–514
TSC (Terrorist Screening Center), 68, 149, 198
Tsunamis
as disasters and mass emergencies, 379–380
fake warnings, 451
Hawaii, 1946, 380
Japan earthquake and tsunami, 2011, xv, 115–116, 137, 419
Tsunamographs, 380
TTIC (Terrorism Threat Integration Center), 68
TTP (Tehrik-E Taliban Pakistan), 302, 339, 547, 555, 570, 572–573
Turk, Hikmet, 599
Turkey, 39, 132, 290, 299, 591–592, 597, 599, 605
al-Turki, Wadoud Muhammad Hafiz, 582
The Turner Diaries (Pierce), 273, 311, 313, 319, 325, 327, 339
TWIC (Transportation Worker Identification Credential), 410, 507, 511
UAVs (Unmanned aerial vehicles), 354
UFF (United Freedom Front), 310
Umarov, Doku, 563
Unabomber, 337
Unidentified Persons File, 198
United Airlines Flight 93, xvii
United Freedom Front (UFF), 310
United Nations Security Council, 62, 130, 577
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), 602–603
United States. See specific topics
United States v. Hammoud, 191
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 354
UPS, 484
Uranium, 360–361
Urban Search and Rescue, 72, 485
Urban searches, 379
U.S. Code (USC), 90
U.S. Government Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan, 242
U.S.-Canada Smart Border Declaration, 494
US Department of Agriculture (USDA), 384, 392, 415
USA Freedom Corps, 71
USA PATRIOT ACT, 63–66, 162, 175–176, 261
Usama effect, 432
USC (U.S. Code), 90
USDA (US Department of Agriculture), 384, 392, 415
Use of force, 129–130
USS Cole suicide attack (2000), 38, 299, 339, 506
USS Lexington, 17
USS The Sullivans attack (2000), 506
US-VISIT program, 498
Vahidi, Ahmad, 576
VBIEDs (Vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices), 338, 558, 559, 590, 608
Venezuela, 284
Veterinary medical assistance teams (VMATS), 484
Victim Compensation Fund, 46
Vietnam War, 310
Violent Gang and Terrorist Offender’s File, 68, 198
Virginia jihad network, 539
Virtual community, 472
Visa Waiver Program (VWP), 90, 494
VMATs (Veterinary medical assistance teams), 484
Volcanic eruptions, 382–383
Voluntary Private Sector Preparedness Accreditation and Certification Program (PS-Prep), 433
Volunteer response
business support, 484
FBCOs, 480–484
government-sponsored, 484–486
grassroots, 472–473
Hurricane Katrina lessons, 477–479
issues, 473–474
national network, 474–477
overview, 471
SDFs, 486–488
von Clausewitz, Carl, 119, 269
von der Goltz, Horst, 14
Vulnerability assessment, 413–414
VWP (Visa Waiver Program), 90, 494
Waagner, Clayton, 315
Wahhabism, 293–294
Wannabes, 273
Wanted Persons File, 198
WAR (White Aryan Resistance), 309
War of 1812, 5
War of ideas, 171–173
War Relocation Authority, 20
Washington, George, 280
Washington, Levar Haley, 540
Wassenaar Arrangement, 365
Water
in critical infrastructure, 417
in disaster supply kits, 459, 461
stockpiling, 459
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), 50, 52, 63, 162, 542, 545, 608
biological, 350–356
characteristics, 157
chemical, 344–350
creating, 277
domestic terrorism and, 319–320
first responders, 28
high-yield explosives, 364–366
nuclear, 360–364
nuclear weapons, 367
overview, 343
radiological, 356–360
Weather Underground Organization (WUO), 310
Web sites, 319, 459, 478, 482, 522, 525, 544
What Is a Disaster?”, 370
White Aryan Resistance (WAR), 309
White Slave Traffic Act (the Mann Act), 9
WHO (World Health Organization), 387–389
Wicked problems, 140
Williams, David, 544
Williams, Onta, 544
Wilson, James Q., 121
Wilson, Woodrow, 16
Wiretapping, 157
WMD. See Weapons of Mass Destruction
World Church of the Creator, 308
World Health Organization (WHO), 387–389
World Trade Center attack, New York (1993), 28, 35, 205, 330, 338, 364, 366
World Trade Center cough, 46
World Trade Organization (WTO), 312
World War I, 12–17
World War II, 17–21
WTO (World Trade Organization), 312
WUO (Weather Underground Organization), 310
Wyler, Liana Sun, 287–288
Yong Ki Kwon, 539
Younis, Awais, 548
Zakat (giving alms), 291–292
Zazi, Mohammed Wali, 545
Zazi, Najibullah, 187, 545, 555
Zero-day attacks, 526
Zetas, 288
Zionist Occupation Government (ZOG), 311
Zombie, 521
Zoot Suit Riots, 20