5.9. FURTHER READING 113
ere are then seven independent coefficients to be determined from the finite element analysis.
is contrasts with the isotropic case, where there are only two independent coefficients. For the
isotropic case, Equation (5.1) appears in matrix form as
2
4
A C B 0 A B
A 2B A
A B 0 A C B
3
5
2
4
x
xy
y
3
5
D
2
4
"
1
"
2
"
3
3
5
: (5.28)
Because of their greater complexity, residual stress measurements in orthotropic materials
are generally limited to the basic case where the stress is uniform through the hole depth.
5.9 FURTHER READING
General References
• Mathar J (1934). Determination of Initial Stresses by Measuring the Deformation Around
Drilled Holes. Transactions ASME, 56(4):249–254.
• ASTM (2013). Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-drilling Strain-gage Method.
Standard Test Method E837-13, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Con-
shohocken, PA.
• Grant PV, Lord JD, Whitehead PS (2002). e Measurement of Residual Stresses by the
Incremental Hole Drilling Technique. Measurement Good Practice Guide, No. 53, National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.
• Vishay Measurements Group, Inc. (1993). Measurement of Residual Stresses by the Hole-
Drilling Strain-Gage Method. Tech Note TN-503-6, Vishay Measurements Group, Inc.,
Raleigh, NC. 16pp.
• Schajer GS and Whitehead P (2013). Hole-Drilling and Ring Core Methods. Chapter 2
in Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods, G. Schajer, (Ed.), Wiley, Chichester, UK.
• Ajovalasit A, Scafidi M, Zuccarello B, Beghini M, Bertini L, Santus C, Valentini E, Ben-
incasa A, Bertelli L (2010). e Hole-Drilling Strain Gauge Method for the Measure-
ment of Uniform or Non-uniform Residual Stresses, AIAS Residual Stress Working Group,
TR01:2010, Florence, Italy, 70pp.
• Oettel R (2000). e Determination of Uncertainties in Residual Stress Measurement
(using the Hole Drilling Technique). Code of Practice 15, Issue 1, EU Project SMT4-
CT97-2165.
• Rendler NJ, Vigness I (1966). Hole-Drilling Strain-gage Method of Measuring Residual
Stresses. Experimental Mechanics, 6(12):577–586.