Index

access

digital divides 6, 118, 120–2, 148–9

e-commerce scenarios 46, 50, 53–4, 57

forecasts 120, 121

government target 118–139, 120, 149, 163–4

limitations 163–4

quality 148–9

resistance to internet 120–1

accounting 21–3, 33

advertising 100–1

air-freight 167–9, 186

Amazon.com 70, 72–3, 124, 174

Angell Town, Brixton 119

assets, intangible 21–3, 33

auction sites 83

B2B see business-to-business

B2C see business-to-consumer

bank access, e-commerce 122

banking industry, changes 25

barter currencies 131–2

benchmarks, e-regions 161, 164

biological insights, application to economy 19–20

book distribution 70, 72–3, 124

borrowing, change from ownership 31–2

business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce

cybersociety scenario 52

cyberspace scenario 44

digital islands scenario 48

efficiency 8

ethical trading 88–9

increasing supplier bases 187–8

network communities scenario 56

regulation 194

reputations 10–11

transport and distribution 169, 173–4

business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce

cybersociety scenario 52

cyberspace scenario 44

digital islands scenario 48

effects on highstreet 208–10

network communities scenario 56

transport and distribution 165–6, 170–3, 183–5

buying power 9, 10, 28

Cambridge, Silicon Fen 140, 144

Camden paradox, social exclusion 153–4

capital, changing values 21–3

cars see transport

Cenargo e-logistics centre 176

Center for energy and Climate Solutions 203

centres of excellence, environmental technology 34

certification, suppliers 188

charitable activities 79–80, 108

chat rooms 100–1

children 116, 122

cities 200–20

citizenship 60

civic institutions

e-commerce effects 99–100

encouraging cooperation 98

grant funding 110, 112

The Cluetrain Manifesto 85, 86, 87, 90

clustering 143–4, 154

commerce

see also e-commerce

social network dependency 7

community

e-commerce effects 99, 100–3

e-commerce scenarios 41–2, 50–4, 54–8

enterprise 110–11

group websites 106–7

information networks 125, 126

neighbourhood contacts 102

virtual 7, 87–8, 100–3

commuting

physical 151, 154

virtual 141, 143, 154, 205

competition 45, 49, 53, 56–7

competitiveness, regional development 147–8

consumer protection 59–60, 66, 70

consumerism, ethical 86–7, 95

consumerist values 43, 47

consumption

creating demand 27, 38

dematerialization 25–6, 67, 70, 83–4, 143

economic indicators 65

patterns 62

rebound effects 11, 26

service economy 23–5

values 27–8

virtualization 8–10, 16–17, 27, 83–4, 171, 202–3

control, local environment 110

Craigmillar Community Information Service 126

credit access 122, 163–4

credit facilities 122, 163–4

cultural shifts 20–1

currency, national rates 177–8

currency systems 119, 128–34

cybersociety, e-commerce scenario 42, 50–4, 214–15

cyberspace, e-commerce scenario 42, 43–7, 213

cycles of change, timescales 14

data exchange, supply chains 175–6

data protection, privacy 105

de-voicing, internet effects 104

dematerialization 25–6, 67, 70, 83–4, 143

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) 167, 189–90, 193–4

deregulation 45

developing world 80, 112, 183

digital divide

e-commerce scenarios 46, 50, 58–9

internet access 6, 118, 120–1

internet use 121–2, 148–9

mapping 147

digital economy

cybersociety scenario 51–2

cyberspace scenario 44

digital islands scenario 48

mapping 150–4

need for planning 5–6

network communities scenario 55

social inclusion 6–7

Digital Futures project

aims 2

partnerships 4–5, 13–14

think tanks 4–5

digital islands, e-commerce scenario 47–50, 213–14

digital TV (DTV) 7, 101, 129

disabled people 121–2, 139, 194

distribution

B2B 169, 173–4

B2C 165–6, 170–3, 183–5

books 70, 72–3, 124

civic organisation 112

e-commerce 165–99

food 171–2, 173, 175, 178, 180

international 169, 172, 186–7, 194

local/regional centres 165, 168, 173, 184–6, 191, 193

shared facilities 169, 177–8, 184–5, 193–4

documents, logistics 178, 179

dot-civics 107–13

dot-com companies

environmental policies and systems 78–9

ethical 81

locations 140, 143–4, 150–5

management attitudes 77–8

market events 2000 1

partnerships 13–14

stakeholder importance 85–6

dot-orgs, partnerships 13–14

DoubleClick 105

drop-off boxes, internet shopping 173, 184

e-businesses

environmental policies and systems 78–9

management attitudes 77–8

stakeholder importance 85–6

sustainable logistics 191–2

trust 104–5

e-commerce

bank/credit access 122, 163–4

civic responsibilities 112–13

consumer protection and security 59–60

currency systems 119

definition 3

economic indicators 65

energy consumption 25, 26, 82

environmental policies and systems 78–9

ethics 72–96, 28

first and second order effects 188, 190–1

forecast value 170

fulfilment 176, 177

home delivery 125

logistics assumptions 182–3

low-income market 6–7, 118, 123

management attitudes 77–8

market events 2000 1

myths 74

post offices 125–6

scenarios approach 39–71, 215–16, 220

social capital effects 97–119

social impacts 58–61

speed 76–7, 79

stakeholders 85–9

sustainability principles 3–15

threats 75

transport and distribution 165–99

urban sustainability 200–20

virtualization 8–10, 16–17, 27, 83–4, 171, 202–3

worldwide value potential 5

e-inclusion initiative, Hewlett-Packard 80, 112

e-marketplaces, B2B 173–4

e-materialization see virtualization

e-regions, sustainable regional development 140–64

e-Tropolis, city project 130, 131

eBay

charitable foundation 79

on-line auctions 83

eco-labelling, consumer choice 27 ecobots, green search engines 84

economic, e-commerce 65

economic strategies, UK regions 147–50

economy

cybersociety scenario 51

cyberspace scenario 43–4

digital islands scenario 47–8

network communities scenario 55

EDI see electronic data interchange

education, literacy 122, 138–9

efficiency, environmental benefits 8–9

elderly people, home shopping 194

electricity consumption

internet 26

US economy 203–4

electronic communication

limitations 115–16

wisdom 116–17

electronic currency 119, 7

electronic data interchange (EDI) 170

electronic delivery see virtualization

electronic money 129–32

employees

e-businesses 87

importance 95

power 10

empowerment, IT effects 10, 70

encription, privacy 70

Encyclopaedia Britannica 27

energy consumption

internet 26, 69–70

US economy 203–4

energy systems, need for investment 67

entertainment industry 16–17, 27

entrepreneurs 3D 76–81

Heroes.com 76–7

social responsibility 79–81

entrepreneurship

entertainment industry 16–17

environmental xxi, 34

social interests 13

environment

accounting 22–3

company attitudes 67–8, 78–9, 160

regulation 12, 63

sustainability 5–6, 142–7, 149–50

tourism impact 24–5

The Environmental Defence Fund (www.scorecard.org) 109

environmental movement 20–1, 13–14

ethical commerce

consumerism 86–7, 95

e-commerce 72–96

internet portals 28

potential 9

top 10 dot-com companies 81

EU monetary union 52

Evanston, Illinois, e-Tropolis 130, 131

evolutionary theory, application to economy 19–20

exclusivity, virtual communities 103

experience industry 24–5

face to face relationships 104

Fanning, Shawn, Napster 16–17

financial accounting 22–3

First Tuesday entrepreneurs’ network 80

flows, urban planning 201–2, 207

food distribution, logistics 171–2, 173, 175, 178, 180

forecasting, technological effects 1

forth party logistics 176

Forum for the Future

2000 survey 77–9

2001 survey 20

working with industry 23

fraud, e-commerce scenarios 59–60

GDP see gross domestic product

GEM see guaranteed electronic markets

geography, information economy 140–64

glass pipelines, supply chain management 175–6

global activists, net use 115

globalization

cybersociety scenario 50–4

cyberspace scenario 43–7

e-commerce scenarios 41–2

virtual organisation 176, 198

Gnutella 111

governance, e-commerce scenarios 41–2, 45, 48–9, 52–3, 56–7

government

environmental attitudes 21

institutional change 12–13

limitations 95–6

partnerships 13–14, 90–1, 94

regional economic development 142, 145–7, 149, 156, 159, 164

government policy

information simplification 138–9

innovation 33, 34

internet access 118–139, 120, 149, 163–4

internet protection 66

network diversity 66

social inclusion 118, 120, 122, 134–5

sustainability 84

transport and distribution 192–4

virtualization 33–4

government services, e-commerce scenarios 44–5, 52, 56

grant funding, civic groups 110, 112

green consumerism

see also ethical commerce

e-certificates 188

‘green delivery’ option 83

industrial ecology 160

internet culture 34

potential 9

transparency 67–8

gross domestic product (GDP), limitations 22

guaranteed electronic markets (GEM), trust 129–30

Hadrian Farm Meats, website 129

heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) 168

Hewlett-Packard, e-inclusion initiative 80, 112

HGVs see heavy goods vehicles

home shopping

drop-off boxes 173, 184

environmental impact 82–3

groceries 171–3

local distribution centres 165, 173, 184–6, 191, 193

packaging 73, 174–5

returns 173, 184

transport effects xx, 9–10, 72–3, 183–5

individualism 41–2, 43–7, 47–50

industrial ecology 160

industrial revolution 18–19

information

internet services 10–11, 104

simplification 138–9

virtualization 27

innovation xxi, 5, 17–19, 34

institutions 12–13, 106

intangible assets 22–3, 33

intelligent production, efficiency 29

international distribution 169, 172, 186–7, 194

internet energy use 26, 69–70

internet shopping see business-to-consumer (B2C); e-commerce; home shopping

‘IT for All’ initiative 149, 163–4

IT skills 126, 154, 159

iverb.com, time banking 133–4

Jacobs, Jane 19–20

Joy, Bill 75

Jubilee 2000 115

‘just in time’ deliveries 169, 175, 220

Kyoto Protocol 26

lastminute.com 1, 5

LCA see life cycle assessment

leasing, change from ownership 31–2

LETS see local exchange and trading schemes

life-cycle assessment (LCA) 198–9

light goods vehicles (LGVs) (`white vans’) 165–6, 168, 171, 193

Linux operating system 111

literacy, IT exclusion 122, 138–9

local communities

e-commerce 7–8, 119

marketplace networks 198

money flows 124

online organizations 107, 109–10

retailing 122, 123–4, 127

small businesses 122–8

Toby Peter directory 127

local distribution centres 165, 173, 184–6, 191, 193

local exchange and trading schemes (LETS) 7, 132

Local Internet Futures programme 153

localization 41–2, 47–50, 54–8

logistics 165–99

London, information society 153–5

London Time Bank 134

low-income communities 118–39

credit access 122, 163–4

internet access 120, 121, 148–9

market 6–7, 118, 123

Mallet, Jeff 100–1

manufacturing industry 23–4

mapping, information economy 140, 143–4, 145–6, 150–4

market access 183

measurement, intangibles 21–3, 33

media industry, virtualization 17

Mills, Mark 26

Moore's law 14, 69

music industry 16–17

mutual exchange 111

myths, e-commerce 74

Napster 16, 111

National Transportation Exchange 29

natural capital, accountancy 22–3

natural world, economic models 19–20

network communities, e-commerce scenario 54–8, 215

networks 7–8, 66

non-government organizations (NGOs) 90–1, 106–7

not-for-profit websites 107–8

oneworld.net 28

online relationships 7–8, 104–5

open markets 43–7

order picking, internet shopping 171–2

out-of-town developments 168–9, 185, 208, 219

outsourcing, power needs 32

ownership, changing attitudes 30–2

packaging 73, 174–5

partnerships

between sectors 90–1

environmental movement 21

importance 13–14

regional development 161

patterns, e-commerce 1–2

peer-to-peer commerce 111

Peter, Toby 127

petroleum supply chain 177, 178, 181

planning

incorporating sustainability factors 5–6

need for xxi

regional guidance 210–12

towns and cities 205–10

policy strategies 63, 65–8

political innovation 18–19, 21, 33–5

political sites 107

political values 41–2

pollution 30, 109

post office 125–66, 186

predictions 1, 39–40

pressure groups, use of technology 106–7

privacy

data protection 105

e-commerce scenarios 59

encription 70

Proddow, Louise 76–7

production 28–30

public services 60

public transport information systems 29

rail freight 169, 186–7, 194

RDAs see regional development agencies; regional development authorities

RDCs see regional distribution centres

rebound effects, consumerism 11, 26

recycling

computers 127

e-commerce potential 8–9

water pollution control 30

referendums, local community 110

regional development

e-commerce scenarios 60–1

regeneration projects 160

strategies 158–61

sustainability 142–7

regional development agencies (RDAs) 142, 145–6, 149, 156, 159, 164

regional development authorities (RDAs) 6

regional distribution centres (RDCs) 168

regional divide, IT companies 6, 143–4, 154

regional inequalities 183

regional planning guidance (RPG) 210–12

regulation

consumer protection 66

e-commerce scenarios 41–2, 45, 48–9, 52–3, 56–7

sustainability 84

transport and distribution 193–4

relationships

e-commerce stakeholders 85–9

e-commerce/governments/NGOs 90–1

renewable energy 26

reputations, e-commerce 10–11, 84

resource efficiency 61

responsibility, e-commerce 74, 84, 79–81

retailing

effect of online shopping 208–10

logistics 168–70

roads see transport

Romm, Joseph 82, 203

rural communities

information society strategies 160

retail outlets 103, 209–10

socially inclusive e-commerce 119

tele-commuting 141

scenarios approach 39–71, 215–16, 220

scorecard, The Environmental Defence Fund 109

Scotland

regional development 142, 146

Silicon Glen 140, 144

Scottish Organizational Currency System (SOCS) 131–2

search engines, ecobots 84

self-help networks 102

service economy 23–5

service obligations 66–7

shared distribution facilities 169, 177–8, 184–5, 193–4

sharing, change from ownership 31–2

shipping 169, 186–7, 194

Silicon Glen/Fen, UK 140, 144

Silicon Valley 144

sink estates 119

skills 126, 154, 159

small businesses 122–8

small towns 209, 220

smart cards, electronic cash 129

SmartCity, electronic money 130

SMEs, business facilitators 164

social capital 97–117

social exclusion 118–39

see also digital divide

Camden paradox 153–4

literacy 122, 138–9

mapping 153–4

RDA policies 149

social impacts, e-commerce 58–61

social inclusion

digital economy benefits 6–7

internet access 118, 120–2, 149, 163–4

regional development 147

social networks, e-commerce effects 7–8, 97, 98, 101–2

social responsibility 79–81, 74, 84

social values 41–2

socio-economic context

cybersociety scenario 54

cyberspace scenario 46–7

digital islands scenario 50

network communities scenario 57–8

SOCS see Scottish Organizational Currency System

spatial restructuring, cities 207, 211–12

stakeholders 85–9

stealth assets 22

suppliers

environmental and social performance 192

ethical considerations 88–9

increasing numbers 187–8

supply chains 165, 170–8, 182–3

sustainability

calculating costs 23

DETR sustainable distribution criteria 167, 189–90

incentives 11

intervention importance 11–12

logistics 166–8, 182–8, 190–4

ten principles 3–15

sustainable development, definition 3

T-commerce 119, 132–4

taxation

e-commerce 44, 48

transportation 193, 197

techno-determinism 74–5

technology

accelerating progress 69

cars 18, 37

cybersociety scenario 53

cyberspace scenario 45–6

digital islands scenario 49–50

environmental 34

MP3 33–4, 83–4

network communities scenario 57

pressure groups 106–7

telecommunications

synergy with transport 143

travel substitution 204–5

telecommuting 141, 143, 154, 205

time

attitudes 14

e-commerce speed 76–7, 79, 91–2

internet currency 119, 132–4

TimeBank 133

tourism, environmental impact 24–5

trade unions 89

transparency, environmental information 67–8

Transport 2000 197–9

transport

car leasing 31

car technology 18, 37

car use 18, 165–6, 168–9, 198

commuting 144, 151, 154

cybersociety scenario 51, 54

cyberspace scenario 43, 46

digital islands scenario 47, 50

e-commerce effects xx, 9–10, 82, 165–99

fuel demand 37–8

home deliveries xx, 9–10, 72–3, 183–5

information systems 29

international 24–5, 169, 172, 186–7, 194

mapping 155

need for investment 67

network communities scenario 57

public 29

rail freight 169, 186–7, 194

regional planning guidance 211–12

road use 144, 155, 168

shipping 169, 186–7, 194

strategies 160

substituting telecommunication 204–5

supply chains 165, 170–8

sustainable logistics 166–8, 182–94

telecommunications 149–50, 143

urban planning 208

trust

company reputations 10–11

e-commerce effects 98–9

encouraging cooperation 97–8

guaranteed electronic markets 129–30

online communication 104–5

Ubarter.com 131, 132

UK Online initiative 118, 120, 149, 163–4

UPS, e-fulfilment 177

urban dissolution 200–1, 206

urban sustainability

cyber society 214–15

cyberspace 213

digital islands 213–14

e-commerce effects 200–20

networked communities 215

planning 205–10, 205–12

values

intangible assets 21–3, 33

social/political 41–2

Varian, Hal 19

virtual communities 7, 87–8, 98, 100–3

virtual commuting 141, 143, 154, 205

virtual organisation 176–8

virtuality, physical impact myth 74, 79

virtualization

e-commerce scenarios 61

environmental impact 8, 16–17, 27

government policy 33–4

logistics impact 171

MP3 technology 33–4, 83–4

transport effects 9–10

urban sustainability 202–3

voluntary organizations 121, 135, 108

vulnerable supply chains 175, 177

Wales, regional development 142, 146

warehousing 169, 172, 174, 177–8, 193

‘white vans’ see light goods vehicles

whole-system innovation 18–19

wisdom, electronic communication 116–17

women 116

work patterns, telecommuting 141, 143, 154, 205

world internet access 120

Yahoo, virtual communities 100–1

young people 122