Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release (AAER), 81–82
Adelphia Communications Corporation, 99
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADRs), 94–95
American Accounting Association (AAA), 3, 43, 46, 68
American Board of Forensic Accounting, 68
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), 33, 44, 45
Board of Examiners, 57
Code of Professional Conduct, 61, 67
nonauthoritative guidelines, 68–69
American Therapeutic Corporation, 16
Antifraud procedures, 103
Antifraud programs, 116
Appeal, 94
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), 3, 61
Association of Chartered Certified Forensic Accountants. See International Institute of Certified Forensic Accountants
AU-C Section 240, 68
Auditing and Attestation (AUD), 57, 58
Behavioral sciences, 117
Big Data, 35, 109. See also Analytical skill sets
Business Environment and Concepts (BEC), 57, 58
Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE), 3, 48, 58
Certified Government Financial Managers (CGFM), 48
Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), 48, 59
Certified management accountants (CMA), 48
Certified public accountants (CPAs), 20
Chartered accountants (CA), 48
Chartered Professional Accountants (CFA), 68
Circle of Conflict, 33
Civil litigation processes, 92
alternatives to litigation, 94–95
appeal, 94
discovery, 93
pleadings, 92
Code of ethics, for forensic accountant, 69–73
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), 5, 32
Confidential Information Memorandum (CIM), 32
Continuing professional education (CPE), 59–60
related literature, 60
Control environment, 103
Conventional accounting, 18
Corporate culture, 103
Corporate Integrity Agreement, 98
Court systems, 66
Criminal proceedings, 95
Criminalistics, 21
Data analytics. See Analytical skill sets
Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 28–29
Deloitte, 7
Department of Justice (DoJ), 61, 73
Department of Labor (DOL), 61
Digital forensics. See Analytical skill sets
Digital forensics, 21
Direct examination, 93
Discovery, 93
Dispute resolution, 33
Divorce litigation, 31
Dodd-Frank Act (DFA). See also Financial Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
Drug offenses, 95
Due care principle, 67
Enron, 99
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), 32
Ethics, 69
Expert witnesses, 28
court cases, 29
External auditing, 19
FAR (Financial Accounting and Reporting), 57, 58
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 15
Federal courts, 67
Federal, state, and local taxing authorities, 61
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 20
Financial Forensics Institute (FFI), 44, 47
Financial Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, 78–80
Financial Reporting Fraud (FRF), 97
Financial Statement Fraud (FSF), 2, 95
timeline for, 86
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), 73
Forensic accounting
guidelines and standards
action items, 87
conclusion, 87
regulations relevant to, 73–86
standards and authoritative guidance for, 66–73
action items, 22
with conversional accounting and auditing, 17–21
modules for, 121
practices, and education and research
action items, 124
conclusion, 124
fraud standards and practices, 95–97
introduction, 91
structure of legal system, 91–95
profession
conclusion, 62
introduction, 43
professional certifications in, 48–62
action items, 40
dispute resolution, 33
expert testimony and witnesses, 28–29
forensic risk assessment and management, 32
introduction, 25
litigation and expert consulting, 27–28
other nonfraud forensic accounting services, 31–32
Forensic Accounting: Litigation Support and Expert Witnessing, 34
Forensic and investigative accounting, 17
Fraud
definition of, 3
forensic accounting, 19
forensic and investigation practices, 19
Magazine CPE Service, 60
risk factors, 96
Fraud Examination and Computer Forensics and IT Auditing, 34
Fraudulent financial reporting (FSF), 31
The French Bank Societe Generale, 100
Global business, 32
Government Accountability Office (GAO), 61
Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program, 98
HealthSouth Corporation, 100
Hedge–Fund Fraud, 100
House Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank (D-MA), 79
Information technology (IT). See Analytical skill sets
Institute for Fraud Prevention (IFP), 46
Integrity principle, 67
Internal auditing, 19
Internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), 75
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 97
International Association of Consultants Valuators and Analysis (IACVA), 46
International Forensic Accounting Association (IFAA), 44, 46, 68
International Institute of Certified Forensic Accountants (IICFA), 45, 68
International Standard on Auditing (ISA) No. 240 entitled, 95, 96
International Trends in Forensic and Valuations Services, 35
Investigative and Forensic Accounting (IFA), 69
Journal of Accounting Research, 109
Journal of Auditing, 109
KPMG, 7
The Kumho Tire Co. vs. Carmichael decision. Daubert vs. Merrell, 29
Legal system, structure of, 91–92
civil litigation processes, 92
alternatives to litigation, 94–95
appeal, 94
discovery, 93
pleadings, 92
criminal proceedings, 95
Litigation consultants, 27
AICPA guidelines on, 28
MADDOFF, 100
MC’Afee Inc., 100
Mediator, 33
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A), 32
Moore, Christopher W., 33
National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts’ (NACVA), 44, 46, 65
National Association of Forensic Accountants (NAFA), 45, 47
Nonfraud forensic and investigation practices, 19
Objectivity and Independence principle, 67–68
Olympus, 101
Parmalat, 101
Pleadings, 92
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), 7
Prisoner petitions, 92
Professional certifications
continuing professional education, 59–60
experience, 59
professional ethics, 61
Professional Code of Conduct, 67
Professional ethics, 61
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), 20, 61
Public interest principle, 67
QWEST communications international, 99
Raj Rajaratnam, 16
Reebok, 99
Risk of material misstatement (RMM), 96
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), 5, 74–78
fundamental objective of, 77–78
primary focus of, 76
provisions of, 78
Satyam, 101
Scope and Nature of work principle, 67
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 3, 61
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 80–86
Semi-structured data, 35
Senate Banking Committee Chairman Christopher Dodd (D-CT), 79
Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 99 entitled, 95, 96
Statement on Standards for Forensic Services No. 1 (SSFS 1), 45
Structured data, 35
Tip of the iceberg, 116
TYCO International Ltd, 100
UBS, 99
Unstructured data, 35
U.S Supreme Court, 67
Violent crime, 95
Voirdire, 93