Form Versus Function Trade-offs |
|
Nonprofit |
For-profit |
Governance |
Accountable to the community via a board of directors |
Accountable to ownership with an obligation of maximizing financial returns, unless special governance provisions are set |
Transparency |
Financial records available for public review via IRS Form 990 |
Financial records available for public review only if publicly held |
External support |
Some amount “built in” because of “community benefit” purpose |
Earned via brand stewardship and corporate responsibility record |
Taxation |
None on mission-specific income; UBIT on unrelated income |
All income taxable at corporate rates |
Access to debt capital |
Available; must be at commercially competitive rates |
Available with few restrictions |
Access to invested capital |
Limited to donated capital, with no financial return expected |
Wide access to equity investment with expectation of financial return |
Use of capital |
Often restricted to a donor-specified use |
Generally used at the discretion of management |
Use of profit |
Stays within the enterprise’s fund balance; may be used as internally generated capital |
Available for distribution via dividends and profit-sharing in addition to use as internally generated capital |
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