3D camera tracking. See also motion tracking: 2D, versus 112; overview 112; tutorial 112–15
3D cameras 127; creating 128; image plane 130–1; properties, altering 130–1; transforming 129–30; Trapcode Particular, use with 171; views 130
3D layers: ambient light 136; brightness 134; creating 126; diffuse shading 136; lights, setting 134–6; masking 141; materials options 136; shadows, cast 137, 138; Specular Shininess 136–7; transforming 126
3D renders: alpha passes 188–9; ambient occlusion 182–3; beauty pass 179; blending modes 179, 190; depth pass 181–2; diffuse pass 180; glow 183; incandescence 183; matte layers 190; matte pass 182; motion vector passes 186; nonalpha passes 188–9; nonmatte layers 190; normal passes 187–8; object render passes 178–9; overview 177; reflection pass 182; shadow pass 183–4; specular pass 180–1; tutorial 184–6; UV passes 187
A
Active Camera 127
Advanced Spill Suppressor 45, 46
After Effects: bit-depths, reading of 3; color management 5–6; footage, importing 6, 16; program window 78; rotoscoping in 65 (see also rotoscoping)
alpha mattes 29, 32, 35; edges 50; motion blur 72; refining 50, 51
Anchor Points 92; 3D layers 126; adjusting 102
Anchor Points 239
animation curves 81; altering 83; driver property of 257
Anti-Aliasing Filters 156
aperture 132
Arriflex 10
Aspect Ratio Correction 16
Assign Profile 7
Autodesk 3ds Max 158
Autodesk Maya 81, 127, 158; 3D camera layer, use as 145
AVI 16
B
base frames: creating 70–1; defining 70; property values 70
bit-depth: choosing 4; common 3; defining 2; higher quality 4; setting 4
blending 154; paint tools, as part of 241
Blot tool 249
blur level 132
bokeh 132
C
Camera Raw files 11, 12; tutorial on 12–14
CameraTracker: applications 116–17; overview 116; steps in 116
Cast Shadows 137
CC Bubbles 159
CC Particle Systems 159
CC Particle Systems II, 161–2; sparks, creating with 161–4
CC Particle World 159; tutorial 164–8
CC Rainfall 159
CC Snowfall 159
CC wide time effect 28
channel: defining 2
Choke Matte 50
chroma keys: backdrops 30; defining 30; Keylight (see Keylight); overview 30
Cinema 4D cameras 152
Cinema 4D layers: motion blurring 153
Cineware 4D Lite 145
Cineware plug-in 145
Clip Rollback 36
Cloudlet particles 171
color banding 209
color grading: adjustments, aesthetic 198; color casts 201; consistency 200; gauging 200; overview 198; time of day shifts 199; tutorial 218–24
color model: defining 2
color spaces 1; converting 9; defining 2; linearized 8–10; logarithmic 9–10; previewing 8–9
color temperature: defining 5; measuring 6
Color to Suppress 46
color values 200
Colorama 214
colorization 204
Combined Matte values 53
Composition Settings window 15, 127, 213
confidence 104
contrast 202
Contrast slider 52
Convert To Linear Light menu 8
Cooling filter 213
corner-pin tracking: overview 109; tutorial 109–12
CRT monitors 6
custom mattes 35
Cycore Effects 159
D
damage, film. See also specific types of damage: tutorial on repairing/removing 244–6
Decontamination 72
degrading of footage, intentional 249–52
Density property 213
Depth menu, After Effects 4
desaturation 46
Despot properties: applications 35; Screen Despot Black 36; Screen Despot White 36
Detail Preserving 249
Digieffects Phenomena 169
digital composites 197
dirt on film 232
dropout 233
dual properties 93
duration 14
E
echo effect 28
Echo Operator 28
Expressions 254–5; adding 257–8; syntax 255–6; tutorial 258–60; writing 256–7
Extrapolate Motion 104
F
fading, color 237
Feather slider 52
Field of View 247
film weave 234
floating-point architecture 4; After Effects, used by 5
flow 240
focus distance 131
Foundry, The 31, 116; CameraTracker (see CameraTracker)
Frame Mix 20
frame rates 14; altering 17; blending 20–1; common 16; interlaced 17–19; interpretations 16–17; manipulating 1; matching compositions to footage 17, 20; mismatching 20; multiple 1; progressive 17–19; slowing down 20; speeding up 20
FujiFilm: motion picture film stock 10
G
gamma values 211
garbage mask 34
glare 235
glint 235
grain 35, 225, 226; adding 229–30; removal 227
Graph Editor 81, 85–6; Rotation curves, working with 93
green screen 30. See also chroma keys; imperfect conditions 33–5, 87–9; Keylight, use with (see Keylight); spill 88; tutorial, keying a difficult green screen 53–6
H
halation 234
hand tracking 118. See also motion tracking
hardness 240
HDR compander 217
HDR Highlight Compression 218
High Dynamic Range (HDR) images 216–17, 248–9
high-definition television (HDTV) 4; frames per second 16; gamma curve 8
High-Dynamic Range Imagery (HDRI) 197
highlight gain 132
highlight saturation 132
highlight threshold 132
histograms 11, 12, 206, 208, 211; banding 209
hue: altering 204; definition of 201
Hue/Saturation effects 144
I
ICC. See International Color Consortium (ICC)
Imagineer Systems 73
Import a Raw file 11
inbetweens 67
integer values 4
International Color Consortium (ICC) 5, 7
iris aspect ratio 132
iris diffraction fringe 132
iris rotation 132
iris roundness 132
iris shape 132
J
K
Keep Aspect Ratio 15
kelvin units 6
Key Color 46
keyframing: copying 80; curves, altering 81–3; defining 79; deleting 80; deleting keyframes 105; editing 80; Graph Editor, altering using 81; linked positions 94; manually adjusting 103; overview 79; tangent types, changing 83–5; transform properties 93
Keylight 31–3; background color 39; spill effects, applying 45–7; spill, suppressing 44–5; tutorial 33–4; View menu 53
keys (in After Effects). See keyframing
keys (in chroma key techniques) 30
Kodak: motion picture film stock 10
layer blending 233
Levels effect 213
light probe map 248
Light Transmission 137
lighting: changes in 102; stable 102
linked scale 93
liquefy 249
look-up tables (LUTs) 9
Luma Correction 46
luma mattes: applications 48; custom 48, 50
luminance 202
Luminance option 103
M
masks: 3D layers 139, 141; bitmap, importing 73; blending 62; combining 61–3; creating 61; drawing 67; edges, detecting 72; existing, altering 60–1; functionality 61; hollow vertices on 62; layer properties 60; manipulating 60, 66, 67; Mask Feather tool 64–5; RotoBeizer (see RotoBeizer); rotoscoping (see rotoscoping); single layer 62; vector, importing 73
Master Lightness 204
Master Saturation 204
Matte Choker 50
mattes, custom. See custom mattes
Max slider 43
Maxon 145
Maya camera. See Autodesk Maya
Maya IFF 190
mesh warp 249
midtone 203
Min slider 43
Mocha AE 73–4; planar tracking with 120; tutorial 120–3, 749
motion blur 70, 72; activating, in After Effects 97–8, 144; Cinema 4D scenes, with 153; overview 97; tutorial 3D renders 192–6
Motion Damping 72
motion picture film stock 9, 10
Motion Threshold 72
Motion Tracker Options window 103, 104
motion tracking. See also 3D camera tracking: confidence 104; corner pin (see corner-pin tracking); hand tracking 118; key frames, relationship between 105; motion paths 105; multiple features 106; overview 91, 99; positional changes 104; reanalyzing 102; stabilization tutorial 107–8; tutorial 99–101
Motion Vectors 24
N
nesting layers 94–5; disadvantages 95; simplification 95
noise 35, 225, 226; adding 229–30; removal 227–8
Noise Alpha effects 230
Noise effects 230
Noise HLS 230
Noise HLS Auto 230
noise patterns 232
NTSC (National Television System Committee) 16
O
occlusions 102
OpenEXR 4, 190; field, depth of 194
Output Module Settings 8
P
paint fixes 239
paint tools 239
Panavision 10
parallel light 135
Parenting 94
Particle Playground 159; dust puffs, creating 159–61
particle simulations: applications 157; overview 157; workflow 158
Perlin Noise 231
Phenomena, Digieffects 169
Photo Effect filter 213
pixels, nonsquare. See nonsquare pixels
planar tracking 74, 120–3. See also motion tracking
point light 135
posterization 209
Pre-Render 263
Preserve RGB 8
project management: memory management 262; overview 262; preview, fast 263; quality 262–3; renaming layers 262; testing by region 263
Project Settings window 14
Pucker tool 249
Push tool 249
Q
QuickTime 16
R
Radius property 238
Random Seed property 230
Raw format 4
Raw Interpretation 11
Red Giant Software 36
ReelSmart 192
Refine Edge Matte 71
Refine Hard Matte 51
Render Queue 127
Replace Colour 55
Replace Method 36
resolutions 1; composition, as part of 14; overview 14–15; reducing 264
RGB color model 190, 203; channels 3; defining 2; edge values 39
rolling shutter artifacts 249
Rotation curves 93
Roto Brush: Feather property 72; mask shape, calculating 70; Matte 72; overview 67–8; properties 71–1; propagation 71; searching with 71; tutorial 68–70
RotoBeizer 65
rotoscoping 29, 35; After Effects, in 65; bisecting 67; inbetweens 67; key poses 66–7; keyframing 66; process 65; Roto Brush, use with (see Roto Brush); straight ahead technique 66
Rowbyte Software Plexus 2, 169
RPF image sequences 145
S
saturation 36; defining 201; intensity 201–2
Saturation options 103
scale: linked 93; X value 93; Y value 93
Scale property 232
Screen Balance 35
Screen Gain 35
Screen Grow 36
Screen Matte 32
Screen Pre-Blur 35
Screen Shrink 36
Screen Softness 36
SDTV. See standard-definition television (SDTV)
shape layers 73
Shape Path Visibility 61
Shift Edge slider 52
shifting color 237
shortcuts, creating 264
shutter angles 153
shutter controls 153
shutter samples 153
Side Effects Houdini 158
Simple Choker effect 50
Simulate Output 9
Smooth slider 52
speed changes, tutorial on 26–8
Sphere particles 171
spill: Keylight, suppressing in 44–5; overview 44
Spill Color Correction 46
spill range 46
standard-definition television (SDTV) 16, 18
Streaklet particles 171
Stretch Factor 25
superwhite values 5
Synthetic Aperture Color Finesse 3 LE plug-in. See Color Finesse 3
T
TIFF 4
Time Displacement Layer 28
Time Display Style 14
Time icon 79
Time Stretch 25
time warps 1, 20–4. See also frame rates
timecodes 14
Tint effect 204
Toggle Mask 61
Tolerance 46
tonal range 212
Track Matte 48
transforms: 3D cameras, for 128; collapsing 94–6; nesting 94–5; resetting 94; tracking 99
Trapcode Particular 168–9; 3D camera awareness 171; animation presets 170; Aux System 173; blur 174; field, depth of 171; functionality 169; installation 170; life color 172; light awareness 172; opacity 172; overview 169; particle rain tutorial 173–6; shadowing 172; soft particles 171–2; sub-particles 173; textured particles 173; volumetric emitters 171
Turbulence tool 249
Turbulent Displace 232
turbulent displace 247
Turbulent Noise effects 247
Twirl tool 249
Twixtor Pro 25
Twixtor Pro, Vectors In 25
V
vector details 153
vector-based files 73
Video Copilot Element 3D 169
viewing mode 229
Viper 10
visual effects cards 141
W
Wave Warp effect 249
Wondertouch particleillusion 169
working spaces 6; RGB values 8
X
X Scale dimensions 80
X-Spline 74
Y
Y Scale dimensions 80
Z
Z values 139