NOTES

CHAPTER 1

1 Vincent P. Barabba and Gerald Zaltman, Hearing the Voice of the Market (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1990), 52.

2 BAV Consulting, “Industry Leading Brand Insights,” accessed February 18, 2016, http://bavconsulting.com/insights/reports/.

3 http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21679448-pace-business-really-getting-quicker-creed-speed.

CHAPTER 2

1 Catharine Smith, “Website Lets You Opt-Out of Yellow Pages Delivery,” HuffingtonPost.com, updated May 25, 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/03/yellow-pages-opt-out-website_n_818050.html?ir.

2 Reinventing Adobe, Harvard Business School Case 9-514-066, Sunil Gupta & Lauren Barley, 3.

3 Chunka Mui, “Five Dangerous Lessons to Learn From Steve Jobs,” Forbes.com, updated October 17, 2011, https://www.forbes.com/sites/chunk-amui/2011/10/17/five-dangerous-lessons-to-learn-from-steve-jobs/#f9c95263a95c.

4 Russell L. Ackoff, “Management Misinformation Systems,” Management Science, Vol. 14, No. 4 (December) B147–56.

5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQ9nhDUXTsk.

CHAPTER 3

1 Hal Arkes and Catherine Blumer, “The Psychology of Sunk Cost,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, Vol. 35 (1985), 124–140.

2 Barry M. Staw, “The escalation of commitment: An update and appraisal,” in Zur Shapira, ed. Organizational Decision Making (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1997), 191–215.

3 Ian Austen, “Blackberry Abandons Its Phone,” accessed August 6, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/technology/blackberry-phones-earnings-q2.html.

4 Theodore Levitt, “Marketing Myopia,” Harvard Business Review, July–August 1960, 45–56.

5 http://www.bain.com/publications/articles/get-your-mojo-back-with-the-founders-mentality.-video.aspx.

6 http://www.economist.com/node/13760551;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUddgE8rI0E.

7 Theodore Levitt, “Marketing Myopia,” Harvard Business Review, July-August 1960, 45–56.

8 Daniel Kahneman, Jack Knetsch, and Richard H. Thaler, “Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1991, 193–206.

CHAPTER 4

1 Jim Taylor, “Business: Ten Laws of Prime Business Preparation,” Psychology Today, September 5, 2010, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-power-prime/201009/business-ten-laws-prime-business-preparation.

2 Peter Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), 39.

3 http://trueviralnews.com/clayton-christensen-has-a-new-theory/.

4 Frances Frei and Anne Morriss, “Culture Takes Over When the CEO Leaves the Room,” Harvard Business Review (blog), posted May 12, 2012, https://hbr.org/2012/05/culture-takes-over-when-the-ce.

5 James Heskett, The Culture Cycle: How to Shape the Unseen Force That Transforms Performance (Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press, 2012).

6 Eric C. Sinoway, “When to Fire a Top Performer Who Hurts Your Company Culture,” Harvard Business Review (blog), posted October 15, 2012, https://hbr.org/2012/10/beware-of-the-cultural-vampire. See also https://hbr.org/2011/12/what-great-companies-know-abou.

CHAPTER 5

1 Christopher Mims, “How Self-Driving Cars Could Wipe Out Uber,” Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2017, B1, B4.

2 Amy Webb, The Signals Are Talking: Why Today’s Fringe Is Tomorrow’s Mainstream (New York: Public Affairs, 2016), 97.

CHAPTER 6

1 Robert Klara, “Why 74-Year-Old Cheerios Is Still America’s No. 1 Cereal,” Adweek.com, September 9, 2015, http://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/why-74-year-old-cheerios-still-america-s-no-1-cereal-166715/.

2 Ibid.

3 Bali Sunset, Marketing Campaign Case Studies (blog), posted January 12, 2009, http://marketing-case-studies.blogspot.com/search/label/General%20Mills%20Inc.

4 Nathalie Tadena, “Cheerios Is King of Commercial Spending Among Cereal Brands,” Wall Street Journal, July 17, 2014, https://blogs.wsj.com/cmo/2014/07/17/cheerios-is-king-of-commercial-spending-among-cereal-brands/.

5 Hasbro Corporate, “Brief Overview of Hasbro’s History,” https://corporate.hasbro.com/images/2013_HasbroHistory.pdf

6 Megan Wilde, “Evolution of Mr. Potato Head,” Mental Floss (blog), posted March 18, 2011, http://www.cnn.com/2011/LIVING/03/18/mf.mr.potato.evolution/.

7 “Hasbro, Inc.,” International Directory of Company Histories, Encyclopedia.com, accessed June 21, 2017, http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/hasbro-inc.

8 “Hasbro, Inc. History,” International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 16 (Detroit: St. James Press, 1997), cited at FundingUniverse.com, http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/hasbro-inc-history/.

9 Ibid.

10 Ibid.

11 “Hasbro Outlines Growth Strategy Rooted in Licensing and with an Emphasis on International Sales,” Intellectual Property News (blog), posted October 24, 2013, https://www.bvresources.com/blogs/intellectual-property-news/2013/10/24/hasbro-outlines-growth-strategy-rooted-in-licensing-and-with-an-emphasis-on-international-sales.

12 Harold L. Erickson, “Cable News Network (CNN),” Encyclopaedia Britannica, last updated May 5, 2017, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cable-News-Network.

13 Kathryn Rudie Harrigan, Joint Ventures, Alliances, and Corporate Strategy (Washington, DC: Beard Books, 2003), 169, https://books.google.com/books?id=JeY_afXHSnEC&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167#v=snippet&q=satellite%20news&f=false.

14 Erickson, “Cable News Network (CNN).”

15 Pew Research Center, “State of the News Media 2016,” June 2016, http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/cable-news-fact-sheet/.

16 Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research and American Press Institute, “How Millennials Get News: Inside the Habits of America’s First Digital Generation,” March 2015, https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/millennials-news/.

17 Gerry Smith, “Comcast CEO Prepares His Netflix Killer For An Olympics Showcase,” Bloomberg.com, accessed August 7, 2017.

18 Darcy Frey, “How Green Is BP?” New York Times Magazine, December 8, 2002, http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/08/magazine/how-green-is-bp.html; and Terry Macalister and Eleanor Cross, “BP Rebrands on a Global Scale,” The Guardian, July 24, 2000, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/jul/25/bp.

19 John Browne, Robin Nuttall, and Tommy Stadlen, Connect: How Companies Succeed by Engaging Radically with Society (New York: Public Affairs, 2015), 67, 68, 71.

20 Browne, Nuttall, and Stadlen, Connect: How Companies Succeed by Engaging Radically with Society, 71–72.

21 “CNBC Transcript: Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg Speaks with CNBC’s Julia Boorstin on ‘Squawk Alley’ Today,” news release, September 27, 2016, http://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/27/cnbc-transcript-facebook-coo-sheryl-sandberg-speaks-with-cnbcs-julia-boorstin-on-squawk-alley-today.html.

22 David E. Bell and Jason Riis, “Red Lobster,” Harvard Business School Case 511–052, September 2010. (Revised February 2011).

CHAPTER 7

1 Daan Stam, Robert G. Lord, Daan van Knippenberg, and Barbara Wise, “An Image of Who We Might Become: Vision Communication, Possible Selves, and Vision Pursuit,” Organization Science 25, no. 4 (July-August 2014), 1172–1194 at 1173; Eric Van den Steen, “Organizational Beliefs and Managerial Vision,” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 21, no. 1 (2004), 256–283 at 257.

2 Daan van Knippenberg and Sim B. Sitkin, “A Critical Assessment of Charismatic-Transformational Leadership Research: Back to the Drawing Board?,” Academy of Management Annals 13 (February 2013), 1–60.

3 Ibid.

4 Warren Boeker, “Strategic Change: The Influence of Managerial Characteristics and Organizational Growth,” Academy of Management Journal 50, no. 1 (February 1997), 152–170.

5 Bruce J. Avolio, Fred O. Walumbwa, and Todd J. Weber, “Leadership: Current Theories, Research, and Future Directions,” Annual Review of Psychology 60 (2009), 421–449.

6 Stam et al., “An Image of Who We Might Become.”

7 Central Park Conservancy, “Central Park: A Research Guide,” accessed June 23, 2017, http://www.centralparknyc.org/assets/pdfs/institute/Central-Park-Conservancy-Research-Guide.pdf.

8 Pew Project for Excellence in Journalism, “The State of the News Media 2009,” http://www.stateofthemedia.org/2009/network-tv-intro/audience/; and Pew Research Center, “State of the News Media 2016.” See also http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/30143308/state-of-the-news-media-report-2016-final.pdf.

9 Kathy Haley, “Forbes’ DVorkin Shares Lessons Learned,” NetNewsCheck, October 2, 2014, http://www.netnewscheck.com/article/36306/forbes-dvorkin-shares-lessons-learned.

10 Lisa O’Carroll, “Forbes Media’s Lewis DVorkin, ‘I’m not a geek, I just like doing new things,’” The Guardian, April 21, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/apr/21/forbes-media-lewis-dvorkin.

11 A. Henderson, D. Miller, and D. Hambrick, “How Quickly Do CEOs Become Obsolete? Industry Dynamism, CEO Tenure, and Company Performance,” Strategic Management Journal 27, no. 5 (2006), 447–460.

12 Ibid.

13 C. Crossland, J. Zyung, N. Hiller, and D. Hambrick, “CEO Career Variety: Effects on Firm-Level Strategic and Social Novelty,” Academy of Management Journal 57, no. 3 (2014), 652–674.

14 R. Adams, A. Licht, and L. Sagiv, “Shareholders and Stakeholders: How Do Directors Decide?,” Strategic Management Journal 32 (December 2011), 1331–1355.

15 Y. Berson, S. Oreg, and T. Dvir, “CEO Values, Organizational Culture, and Firm Outcomes,” Journal of Organizational Behavior 29, no. 5 (2008), 615–633.

16 Jennifer Maloney, “Coke’s New CEO James Quincey to Staff: Make Mistakes,” Wall Street Journal, May 9, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/cokes-new-ceo-james-quincey-to-staff-make-mistakes-1494356502.

17 Adam M. Grant, Elizabeth M. Campbell, Grace Chen, Keenan Cottone, David Lapedis, Karen Lee, “Impact and the Art of Motivation Maintenance: The Effects of Contact with Beneficiaries on Persistence Behavior,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 103 (2007), 53–67.

CHAPTER 8

1 “Marriott: From Root Beer Stand to Ritz-Carlton,” Forbes YouTube Channel video, 24:12, December 18, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRRBDaNxLLQ.

2 http://www.govtech.com/network/Wi-Fi-Hot-Spots-for-Rent-How-Public-Libraries-Are-Changing-with-the-Times.html.

CHAPTER 9

1 Mark R. Leffler, “The New Golden Age of TV Drama: How HBO and AMC Became the New NBC and CBS,” Review Magazine, 2009, https://review-mag.com/archive/680-689/689/captain_video.htm.

2 Kristina Monllos. “GE Imagines A World Where We Treat Female Scientists Like Celebrities,” accessed August 6, 2017, http://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/ge-imagines-a-world-where-we-treat-female-scientists-like-celebrities/.

3 Bill Marriott, “Success Is Never Final—Marriott On The Move,” http://www.blogs.marriott.com/marriott-on-the-move/2014/06/success-is-never-final.html.