IBM TS2280 tape drive
The IBM TS2280 tape drive (3580 model H8S) is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable unit that is designed to offer high capacity and performance for the midrange system environment. The TS2280 tape drive incorporates the IBM Linear Tape-Open (LTO) Ultrium 8 Half-High tape drive and uses a dual-port 6 Gbps serial-attached SCSI (SAS) host interface. The tape drive supports a native sustained data rate performance of up to 300 MBps, which increases to 600 MBps under compression.
The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive uses the IBM LTO Ultrium 8, 12 TB data cartridge, and 9 TB M8 format Ultrium 7 data cartridge. It provides tape data capacity of up to 30 TB on a L8 format cartridge, and 22.5 TB on a M8 format cartridge, with a 2.5:1 compression ratio. IBM Ultrium 8 tape drives can read and write LTO Ultrium 7 data cartridges. LTO 8 cannot read LTO 6 data cartridges. The TS2280 tape drive supports Write Once Read Many (WORM) on WORM cartridge types.
The Ultrium 8 tape drive is encryption capable and supports application-managed encryption.
The TS2280 tape drive Model H8S uses a 6 Gbps dual port SAS interface for connection to open system servers.
The TS220 tape drive is a client-replaceable unit (CRU). If there is a TS2280 tape drive failure, IBM provides a replacement drive.
This chapter includes the following topics:
 
Note: The TS2280 is the only stand-alone cartridge drive in the IBM LTO-8 family.
4.1 Product description
The IBM TS2280 tape drive is an external stand-alone or rack-mountable unit, and part of the family of IBM Ultrium Tape products. It incorporates the latest generation of the Ultrium 8 Half-High tape drives, which features write cartridges with a native physical capacity of up to 12 TB. The IBM Ultrium 8 technology supports tape partitioning and the IBM Spectrum Archive with Linear Tape File System (LTFS) technology. It also supports encryption of data and WORM cartridges. For the remainder of this chapter, the terms TS2280 is used as an abbreviation for the IBM TS2280 tape drive.
Only one model (model number 3580-H8S) is available for the TS2280 tape drive, as shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1 The TS2280 tape drive
The TS2280 tape drive uses 6 Gbps Serial SAS SFF-8088 interfaces.
The TS2280 tape drive is encryption-capable and uses Application Managed Encryption (AME). Encryption is supported on Ultrium 8, 7, 6, and 5 data cartridges. On the tape drive, an encryption LED shows you when the drive is using encryption.
The TS2280 tape drive is a CRU. When a TS2280 tape drive has a failure, IBM provides a replacement drive.
A Single-character Display (SCD) at the front of the TS2280 tape drive displays error codes and messages.
The TS2280 tape drive attaches to selected IBM Power Systems models, IBM System x, and PC servers. The TS2280 tape drive also supports attachment to other servers that are running Microsoft Windows, AIX, and Linux. For more information about the latest supported servers and operating system versions, see the IBM System Storage Interoperation Center (SSIC) website:
In summary, the drive offers the following features:
•Dual-port 6 Gbps SAS Computer Systems Interface
•Half-High form factor
•Native storage capacity of 12 TB per cartridge (15 TB at 2.5:1 compression ratio) on LTO 8 cartridge
•Native storage capacity of 9 TB per cartridge (22.5 TB at 2.5:1 compression ratio) on LTO 7 cartridge using M8 format.
•Maximum native data transfer rate of up to 300 MB per second
•Maximum Interface Transfer Rate MB per second
•Burst data transfer rate of 600 MB per second
•1024 MB read-and-write cache
•Support for encryption on Ultrium 8, and Ultrium 7 tape cartridges
•SCD operator panel
•Ready, Fault, and Encryption status lights
•Maintenance Mode functions
•Ethernet Port (drive service use only)
•Uses Tunneling Magnetoresistive (TMR) head technology
4.2 Half-High Ultrium 8 tape drive
The TS2280 houses the Half-High Ultrium 8 tape drive, as shown in Figure 4-2. The TS2280 is an ideal tape drive for clients with small installations who want a reliable tape drive that uses LTO Ultrium 8 technology. For more information, see 2.4.1, “The IBM LTO Ultrium 8 tape drive range” on page 83.
The TS2280 tape drive features a 6 Gbps SAS interface for connection to a wide spectrum of open system servers. The LTO Ultrium 8 Tape Media provides partitioning support, which, with IBM LTFS technology, provides the ability to have file-level access to tape data. This support helps quickly locate and update information on the tape media. The IBM Ultrium 8 technology is also designed to support encryption of data. The hardware encryption and decryption core and control core are in the IBM Ultrium 8 tape drive.
In addition to reading and writing to Ultrium 8 tape cartridges, the TS2280 tape drive can read and write to Ultrium 7 cartridges.
Figure 4-2 Front view of the TS2270 tape drive
The numbers in Figure 4-2 on page 179 highlight the following components:
1. Cartridge unload button
2.   Ready light (green)
3. Encryption light (white)
4. Fault light (amber)
5. Single Character Display (SCD)
6. SCD dot
7. Power button
4.2.1 Platform support
For the latest list of supported platforms and operating systems, see the SSIC:
4.2.2 Performance highlights
If you run applications that are highly dependent on tape processing speed, take advantage of the significant performance improvements that are provided by this tape drive. Table 4-1 shows the performance characteristics of the TS2270 tape drive.
Table 4-1 TS2270 tape drive performance characteristics
Performance characteristics
TS2270 tape drive
Native data rate
300 MBps (with Ultrium 7 media)
Maximum Interface Transfer Rate (maximum sustained with maximally compressible data)
500 MBps (SAS)
Interface Burst transfer rate
600 MBps (SAS)
Nominal load-to-ready time
15 seconds
Nominal unload time
24 seconds
Average rewind time
62 seconds
By using the built-in data compression capability of the tape drive, greater data rates than the native data transfer rate can be achieved.
To improve system performance, the drive uses a technique that is called speed matching to dynamically adjust its native (uncompressed) data rate to the slower data rate of a server. With speed matching, the drive operates at different speeds when it is reading or writing the Ultrium 8 or 7 cartridge format.
 
Important: Although the TS2280 tape drive provides the capability for excellent tape performance, other components of the system might limit the actual performance that is achieved. The compression technology that is used in the tape drive can more than double the amount of data that can be stored on the media. However, the actual degree of compression that is achieved is highly sensitive to the characteristics of the data that is compressed.
4.3 Media
To ensure that the IBM Ultrium tape drive conforms to the IBM specifications for reliability, only IBM LTO Ultrium tape cartridges should be used. Other LTO-certified data cartridges can be used, but they might not meet the standards of reliability that are established by IBM.
4.3.1 Data cartridges
The TS2280 tape drive uses the Ultrium 8 data cartridge, which has a native capacity of 12 TB. It has a compressed capacity of 30 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio, and uses a linear, serpentine recording format. The TS2270 tape drive reads and writes data on 6656 tracks, 32 tracks at a time.
Ultrium 7 data cartridges specially formatted to Ultrium 8 use can be used on this drive. In this case, these tapes will be pre-formatted as media format M8 and labeled as M8 media. This format allows the LTO8 drive to use Ultrium 7 media with the same performance as Ultrium 8 media and a higher capacity than Ultrium 7. M8 format media provide native capacity of 9 TB. It has a compressed capacity of 22.5 TB with a 2.5:1 compression ratio.
 
Note: LTO7 media with the M8 format can only be used on LTO 8 drives, and cannot be reformatted for read in an LTO7 drive. Using M8 media requires the latest version of drive FW to be installed.
See “M8 format” on page 74 for more details about M8 format.
The outside of the Ultrium 8 cartridges is burgundy, and the WORM cartridge color is burgundy and silvery gray. The cartridge has a nominal life of 20,000 load and unload cycles.
In Table 4-2, the compatibility of the Ultrium data cartridges and tape drives is shown. Ultrium 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 data cartridges are not supported when Ultrium 8 tape drives are used.
Table 4-2 Ultrium compatibility among the generations
IBM Ultrium
IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridge
 
12 TB
(Ultrium 8)
9 TB
(Ultrium 7 M8 format)
6 TB
(Ultrium 7)
2.5 TB
(Ultrium 6)
1.5 TB
(Ultrium 5)
800 GB
(Ultrium 4)
400 GB
(Ultrium 3)
Ultrium 8
Read/write
Read/write
Read/write
 
 
 
 
Ultrium 7
 
 
Read/write
Read/write
Read only
 
 
Ultrium 6
 
 
 
Read/write
Read/write
Read only
 
Ultrium 5
 
 
 
 
Read/write
Read/write
Read only
Ultrium 4
 
 
 
 
 
Read/write
Read/write
Ultrium 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
Read/write
4.3.2 Write Once Read Many cartridges
Certain records retention and data security applications require a WORM method for storing data on tape. To meet this data storage requirement, a WORM feature is available on IBM LTO Ultrium generation 8, 7, 6, and 5 drives. You can enable the WORM feature by upgrading to WORM-capable drive firmware and by using a special WORM tape cartridge.
A specially formatted WORM tape cartridge is required because standard read/write media are incompatible with the WORM feature. Each WORM cartridge has a unique worldwide cartridge identifier (WWCID), which comprises the unique Cartridge Memory (CM) chip serial number and the unique tape media serial number. For more information about WORM media, see “WORM tape format” on page 51.
4.3.3 Cleaning cartridges
A specially labeled IBM LTO Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge cleans the drive. One cleaning cartridge is included with the shipping package of the TS2280 tape drive.
 
Important: The drive automatically ejects an expired cleaning cartridge.
4.3.4 Cartridge memory
All generations of the IBM LTO Ultrium data cartridges include a Linear Tape-Open Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM) chip, which is a passive contact-less silicon storage device that is physically a part of the cartridge. It holds information about the specific cartridge, the media in the tape drive, and the data on the media.
The LTO-CM enhances the efficiency of the cartridge and aids in determining the reliability of the cartridge by storing data about its age, how many times it was loaded, and how many errors it accumulated. Whenever a tape cartridge is unloaded, the tape drive writes any pertinent information to the cartridge memory. A cleaning cartridge’s LTO-CM chip tracks the number of times that the cartridge is used to prevent it from being used more than 50 times.
The storage capacity of the Ultrium 8 Tape Cartridge Memory Chip is 16320 bytes. Communication between the TS2280 tape drive and the LTO-CM is through a low-level radio frequency field that is transmitted by the drive to the cartridge.
4.4 Encryption
The TS2280 tape drive supports host AME, which uses T10 protocols. In this drive, data encryption is supported by LTO Ultrium 8, and 7 data cartridges.
The TS2280 tape drive has a white key symbol on the front of the tape drive that indicates the encryption status, as shown in Figure 4-3. It illuminates only when an Ultrium 8 or 7 data cartridge is loaded and all data on the cartridge is encrypted.
Figure 4-3 Front view of TS2270 showing illuminated encryption symbol
The encryption-enabled drive contains the necessary hardware and firmware to encrypt and decrypt host tape application data. The encryption policy and encryption keys are provided by the host application, and no encryption setup is required (or available) for this drive.
Encryption requires the latest tape device drivers, which are available on Fix Central:
For more information about tape encryption, see IBM System Storage Open Systems Tape Encryption Solutions, SG24-7907.
4.5 IBM Spectrum Archive and Linear Tape File System
IBM Spectrum Archive uses LTFS, which is the first file system that works with the multiple partitioning that is available on LTO Ultrium 7, 6, and 5 tapes. LTFS brings a new level of use and portability to open systems tape storage. IBM Spectrum Archive storage software helps you reduce complexity in data management and access time through the enablement of a self-describing tape that includes a simple file index. It helps to decrease tape, file management, and archive costs while improving response time for new business needs.
LTFS allows files and directories to be shown on the desktop and directory listing, and files to be dragged-and-dropped to and from tape. It also supports data exchange and has a simple, one-time installation.
The IBM Spectrum Archive SDE software is included with each TS2270 and uses LTO 7 tape partitioning. It enables a self-describing tape file format and delivers an easy tape storage and distribution solution without the use of more database applications.
IBM Spectrum Archive is the perfect solution for those in the media and entertainment industry and other fields that need massive data storage on tape for long retention periods, such as banking, scientific research, and government sectors. For more information and a list of supported operating systems, see this website:
For more information about IBM Spectrum Archive SDE and LTFS, see IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition and Library Edition: Installation and Configuration Guide, SG24-8090.
4.6 Physical attachment
The specifications for the SAS 6 Gbps physical attachment interface are described next.
4.6.1 Serial-attached SCSI
The TS2280 tape drive comes with a dual-port SFF-8088 interface on the back of the drive. For more information about SAS, see “Serial-attached SCSI history” on page 63.
For the latest list of supported adapters, see the SSIC:
Figure 4-4 shows the rear view of the TS2280 tape drive with a dual-port SFF-8088 interface.
Figure 4-4 Rear view of the TS2280 tape drive
The numbers in Figure 4-4 highlight the following components:
1. Power connector
2. Air vents for fan
3. SAS connector, dual port
4. Ethernet connector (for service only)
4.7 Specifications
This section describes the physical, power, and environmental specifications for the drive.
4.7.1 Physical specifications
Table 4-3 lists the physical specifications for the tape drive.
Table 4-3 Physical specifications
Specification
Measurement
Width
213 mm (8.4 in.)
Length
332 mm (13.1 in.)
Height
58 mm (2.3 in.)
Weight (without a cartridge)
4.3 kg (9.4 lbs.)
4.7.2 Power specifications
Table 4-4 lists the power specifications for the tape drive.
Table 4-4 Power specifications
Power measurements
Drive
AC line current
100 - 240 V
Line frequency
50 - 60 Hz, auto-ranging
Line current at 100 Vac
1.0 A
Line current at 240 Vac
0.5 A
4.8 Feature codes
Table 4-5 Feature code
Feature code
Description
5402
2.0 M SAS/Mini-SAS Cable
5501
1.0 M Hi-Perf SAS External Cable
5502
2.0 M Mini-SAS/Mini-SAS Cable
5507
HD SAS to Mini SAS Cable
5509
Y SAS HD to Mini SAS Cable
7003
Rack Mount Shelf Kit w/PDU Line Cord
8002
Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge
8704
Ultrium 7 Data Cartridge (Single)
8706
Ultrium 7 Data Cartridges (5-pack)
9210
Attached to HP-UX System
9212
Attached to Windows System
9215
Attached to Linux System
9600
Attached to IBM AIX System
9800-9847
Power cord (different feature code for each country)
9848
Rack Device to PDU Line Cord
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