t-statistic, 352
confidence interval for population mean and, 265–270
hypothesis test for population mean and, 323–326
small-sample population mean comparisons and, 369, 374–375, 379
t-tests, comparison of two independent samples and, 429
Target parameter
explanation of, 254
identifying and estimating, 253–254, 312, 368–369
Test of hypothesis. See Hypothesis test
Test statistic, 352–353
explanation of, 308, 312
p-value and, 323
Treatment means, ANOVA F-test to compare, 425
Treatments, sum of squares for, 423
Tree diagrams
to calculate probability of intersections, 147–148
explanation of, 118
Tukey, John, 44
Two-tailed hypothesis test, 313, 348–349, 453
Two-way table. See also Contingency table
categorical probabilities in, 470–477
conditional probability in, 143–145
explanation of, 132–133, 470
with fixed marginals, 476–477
Type I error, 309
Type II error, 310