Index
Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate figures, and t indicate tables.
A
Active and adaptive electric network (AAN)
68–69,
131
Active Distribution Management Systems (ADMS)
235
Active Distribution networks with full integration of Demand and distributed energy RESourceS (ADDRESS)
241,
276,
288,
308
Adaptive pricing method
4–5
Adjustable electrical loads
178
Advanced information and control technologies
418–419
Advanced measurement infrastructure (AMI)
39f,
203
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
351
actors and components
353f
application systems
53,
54f
case studies and field trials
369
central access system communications
45–47
CI3 (data concentrator)
43
CI2-SI1 (concentrator-CAS)
43
energy usage visualization
359
home health monitoring
361
institutes of science and technology architecture
45–47,
46f
MI3 (multiutility meter-electricity meter/communication hub)
44,
44t
MI1-CI1 (electricity meter-concentrator)
40–41,
41f
MI2-SI2 (electricity meter-CAS)
41–43,
42f
Advanced metering management
313–314
American Green Button Standard
351
Ampla utility demonstration project
205
Application systems, FAHAM system
53,
54f
Aquiraz Smart City project
208
Archipelago Fernando de Noronha Smart Grid project
206
communication initiation procedure
354,
355f
Automatic decision tree-based system
machine learning algorithms
118,
119t
proximity-driven streaming random forest algorithm
114–116
voltage stability index
115
Automatic restoration sequence algorithms
286
Automatic voltage controller (AVC)
238
B
Baikal-Amur mainline external power supply
109
Black-box testing approach
248
ABRADEE investment scenarios
196t
Brazilian Association of Electric Power Distribution Companies (ABRADEE)
196
investment scenarios for implementation of SGs
196t
Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL)
195–197,
222
regional distribution of SG projects cataloged by
197f
Brazilian Industrial Development Agency (ABDI)
214,
219
percentage of investment segmented per DG
198f
smart grid pilot projects in Brazil
201f
Brazilian Program of Intelligent Electrical Network
219
Brazilian Smart Grid Reference Architecture
220,
221f
Broadband power lines (BPL) network
252
Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm
109
Building management systems (BMS)
22
BundesDisplay project
370
Búzios Intelligent City project
205–206
C
Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)
160–161
Center for Strategic Studies and Management Science, Technology, and Innovation (CGEE)
196–197
Central access system (CAS)
40,
51–52
Channel Components Transform
430–431
CI3 (data concentrator)
43
CI2-SI1 (concentrator-CAS)
43
endogenous load anomalies
414t
one-year load profiles
406f
temperature anomalies
413t
temperature profiles
406f
user energy consumptions
405f
COELCE demonstration project
208
Combined heat and power (CHP) boilers
280
Common information model (CIM)
238–239
Commonwealth Edison (ComEd)
Hourly Pricing Program
147
Peak Time Savings Program
147
Smart Ideas Central AC Cycling Program
147
smart buildings/smart residential community
185–187
Community energy storage (CES)
Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
Connecticut Load Center (CLC) area
441–447
initial values with errors
450f
line flows and limits
442f
online parameter estimation
449f
optimization time windows
449f
real-time estimation
446f
Conservative voltage reduction (CVR)
283–285
Consolidated Edison (Con Edison)
Smart Thermostat Program
148
Time-of-Use Rates Program
148
Controllable local system (CLS)
352–354
communication initiation procedure
354,
355f
Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER)
232,
234–235
Coupled single-port circuit
430–431
Customer active participation, smart grid
Crout reduction method
95
D
Data provisioning procedure
367f
Day-Ahead Demand Response Program (DADRP)
149
Decentralized energy resources (DER)
348–351
aggregated demand profile, tuned power requests
165,
166f
delay tolerance of type I appliances
168,
168f
direct load-control mechanism
153–164
electromagnetic compatibility network size
167–168,
167f
Demand-Side Ancillary Services Program (DSASP)
149
Demand-side energy management system (DSEMS)
173–174
Denial-of-service attack
94,
96
Density-based cluster
400
Desynchronization attack
96
Digitalization of Energy Transition
351–352
operation deadline constraint
164
demand target allocation in upper-layer EMC
158–160,
158f
electromagnetic compatibility
154–156
Distributed measurement system
252
Distributed renewable generation (DG)
195
Distribution devices ,
70
Distribution grid congestion management
238
Distribution grid digitalization, as enabler for energy transition
351
Distribution Load Relief Program (DLRP)
158
licensed regions, Romania
320f
smart metering implementation by
322–326
impact of smart metering implementation on saving electricity in
326–341,
327–329f
Distribution system operator (DSO)
350
commercial aggregator control hierarchy and interaction with
239–242,
240f
regulations about service continuity
231–232
regulations about voltage quality
232
District Information Modeling and Management for Energy Reduction (DIMMER)
276,
288
DNP3 protocol for communication
201
Dynamic line rating capacity (DLR)
383–385
Dynamic state estimation (DSE)
error forecast and filtering in voltage magnitude measurement
107–108,
108f
forecast of state variables
107–108
E
Electrical energy consumption
Electric energy production model
384t
Electric energy wind power production model
383t
Electricity meter/communication hub
39
electric vehicles impact on
423
individualized services
419
Electricity supply systems (ESSs)
69–70
computational intelligence techniques
106
ENTSO-E network code on operational security
105–106
security monitoring and control
104–106
Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT)
Emergency Response Service
150
Voluntary Load Response
150
Electric vehicles (EV)
421
battery characteristics
424
charging/discharging schedule
424,
425f
impact on electricity networks
423
in-vehicle communication board
425–426
Elektro Smart Grid project
209
Eletropaulo Digital project
202–203
Emergency control system (ECS), Russia
98–124,
99t
electric power system
98,
100
Emergency Demand Response Program
149
Emergency Response Service (ERS)
150
Encryption certificates
363
End customer devices
40,
52
of distribution networks
336
electricity power grid
416
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007)
1–2
Energy Information Administration, United States
173,
174f
Energy management controller (EMC)
144–145
Energy management system (EMS)
239
electric generation and consumption
390f
overloading and outages, handling
390t
distribution grid digitalization as enabler for
351
Energy usage visualization
359,
364
Environmental sensors
175,
182
distribution system operators challenges and needs in
231–232
power system, challenges for
374
electricity metering large-scale rollout in
316t
implementation and regulation
315,
315f
European Electricity Grid Initiative (EEGI) road map
233
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
42
F
Fault location, isolation and supply restoration (FLISR)
201,
236,
243–244
Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System (FGC UES)
67,
106
Federal Network Agency (BNetzA)
349
Federal State Institution Russian Energy Agency
67
distribution system operator application
349,
351
Federal Network Agency
349
transmission system operators
349
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago Smart Grid project
206
Fixed electrical loads
178
FP7 European Project INTEGRIS
243–246
Funding Authority for Studies and Projects (FINEP)
195,
215
G
Galvin Center Smart Home model
176,
177f
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
42–43
German Energiewende, AMI-based use cases for
355–361,
357f
German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI)
352
Germany, smart grid digitalization in
consumers and decentralized producers
350–351
distribution system operator
350
transmission system operator
349–350
Gotland, smart grid demonstration
electric energy consumption model
382
solar power generation model
383
wind power generation model
382
Gray-box testing approach
248
Grid4EU Large-Scale Demonstration of Advanced Smart Grid Solutions
233
Residential Service Variable Price Rate
148
Wi-Fi Access for Home Area Network
148
Wi-Fi-Enabled Thermostat
148
H
communication scheme
176f
system software configuration
178–182
Home health monitoring
361
Hybrid data-driven approach, forecast of EPS parameters
Baikal-Amur mainline external power supply
109
Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm
109
machine learning algorithms
108
Mean Decrease Gini index
108
multilayer perceptron neural network model
109
Hybrid plug-in electric vehicles (HPEVs)
426
I
Incentive-based approach, DR
151,
152f
“Inova Energia” program
195,
214
Installed Capacity-Special Case Resource (ICAP-SCR) program
149
Intelligent electric power system with an active and adaptive network (IESAAN)
electricity supply systems
69–70
phasor data concentrators
73–74
phasor measurement unit sensors
72–73,
75
electric power system
76–78
phasor measurements
78–84
supervisory control and data acquisition
72–75
unified national electric grid
69
Intelligent operation and smart emergency protection
artificial intelligence applications
106–124
monitoring, forecasting, and control of power systems
102–106
Intermittent renewable energy resources
173
International Energy Agency standard
14–17,
16t
International Energy Agency (IEA) standard
14–15
Internet of Things (IoT)
369,
418
Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs)
108–109
In-vehicle communication board
425–426
Invoicing, providing data for
358
Iran Energy Efficiency Organization (IEEO)
36
Iran's Electric Smart Grid National Grand Project (IESGNGP)
22
evaluation indices
30,
32t
National Smart Metering System project
central access system communications
45–47
institutes of science and technology architecture
45–47
interruption information
52
power quality information
52
attractiveness-capability matrix
15–17,
19f
business development
17,
21f
deployment measures through 2020 and 2025
34,
35t
economic, social, and environmental requirements
17–18
electricity customers
34,
36f
electric network priorities
34,
34f
evaluation indices
30,
32t
financial resources
30,
31t
grid players, ecosystem of
17,
20f
International Energy Agency standard
14–17,
16t
Joint Research Center method
14
methodology and components
17,
21f
Multilevel Perspective models
17
Research and Technology Committee
30–33
Smart Grid Architecture Model
14
smart grid roll-out
36,
36f
technology innovation system
17
Iran Smart Grid National Grand Project
14
Irkutsk power system
87,
87f
ISO/RTO level, demand response
Italian Smart Domo Grid project
244–246
J
Joint Research Center (JRC) method
14
K
L
Load shedding process
4–5
Locational marginal price (LMP)
149,
151
electric distribution networks
330,
331f
M
Mean Decrease Gini index
108
Meter data management system (MDMS)
22,
45–47,
202
MI3 (multiutility meter-electricity meter/communication hub)
44,
44t
MI1-CI1 (electricity meter-concentrator)
40–41,
41f
Mixed integer linear programing (MILP)
161–162
Mobile workforce management (MWM) software
203
Monte Carlo simulations
287
Multienergy building/community system
289f
Multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network model
109
Multiutility meter
40,
44
N
National Smart Metering System project (FAHAM), Iran smart grid
central access system communications
45–47
interruption information
52
power quality information
52
N +1 buses equivalent system
431–436
Connecticut Load Center area
441–447
initial values with errors
450f
line flows and limits
442f
online parameter estimation
449f
optimization time windows
449f
photovoltaic (PV) curves
444f
real-time estimation
446f
external system parameters identification
432–433
load area parameters identification
433–434
Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) test system
441–453,
443f
online scheme for implementation
436–437
Nest Learning Thermostat
145
Network
See also specific types of network
New York Independent System Operator (NYISO)
Economic-based DR program
149
Reliability-based DR program
149
North Atlantic Green Zone Project
235
O
Online parameter estimation
Outage management system (OMS)
203
P
Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E)
Paraná Smart Grid pilot project
208–209
Peak load pricing method
4–5
Phasor data concentrators (PDCs)
73,
94,
96
on transmission systems
430
Photovoltaic (PV) power
277
control zones of smart control system
127,
127t
to Skolkovo innovation center
128–131
territorial smart grid cluster in Russky and Popov Islands
125–126t,
127–128
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)
5–6,
426
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)
184–185,
422
Power industry, innovations in
418–419
Power-on request messages (PRQMs)
160
Pricing-based approach, demand response
151,
152f
Principal component analysis (PCA)
398
Projects of Common Interest (PCI)
235
Prototype-based cluster
400
Proximity-driven streaming random forest (PDSRF) algorithm
114–116
Pseudomeasurements (PMs)
75
R
Real-life demonstration
233
Release appliance set
160
Remote terminal unit (RTU)
349
Renewable energy resources
3–4
Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)
349
Renewable resources, intermittent
429
Request appliance set
160
Research and Technology Committee (RTC)
30–33
Revenue=Incentives+Innovation+Outputs (RIIO)
279–280
European Electricity Grid Initiative (EEGI)
233
attractiveness-capability matrix
15–17,
19f
business development
17,
21f
deployment measures through 2020 and 2025
34,
35t
economic, social, and environmental requirements
17–18
electricity customers
34,
36f
electric network priorities
34,
34f
evaluation indices
30,
32t
financial resources
30,
31t
grid players, ecosystem of
17,
20f
International Energy Agency standard
14–17,
16t
Joint Research Center method
14
methodology and components
17,
21f
multilevel perspective models
17
Research and Technology Committee
30–33
Smart Grid Architecture Model
14
smart grid roll-out
36,
36f
technology innovation system
17
Romanian National Energy Regulatory Authority (ANRE)
314–315
pilot projects approved by
321t
Russian electric power system (EPS)
state estimation methods
76–98
intelligent energy system
technological platforms
67,
68f
intelligent operation and smart emergency protection
artificial intelligence applications
106–124
monitoring, forecasting, and control of power systems
102–106
pilot project on electricity supply to Skolkovo innovation center
128–131
RWTH laboratory demonstrator, IDE4L project
249–251,
251f
S
Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED)
150
Security, Iran smart grids
phasor measurement units (PMUs)
72–73,
75
Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method
433–434
Shiftable electrical loads
178
Signature certificates
364
Situational awareness
398,
414
Smart buildings/smart residential community
185
system hardware/software control configuration
187
Smart community energy systems
288–291
commercial arrangements
290
commercial arrangements
286
network security and reliability
286–287
Smart Domo Grid project
244
Smart Energy Paraná program
208–209
Smart Energy Showcases—Digital Agenda for the Energy Transition (SINTEG)
350,
368
factors that making grid smart
419–420
Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM)
14
continuous learning dynamics applied to
225f
opportunities and threats
224t
products nationalization indexes
217–218t
amount of investment
198f
Aquiraz Smart City project
208
Búzios Intelligent City project
205–206
Elektro Smart Grid project
209
Eletropaulo Digital project
202–203
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago Smart Grid project
206
and invested values per Brazilian region
200t
Paraná Smart Grid pilot project
208–209
strengths and weaknesses
223t
pilot project on electricity supply to Skolkovo innovation center
128–131
distribution system operators (DSOs)
commercial aggregator control hierarchy and interaction with
239–242,
240f
regulations about service continuity
231–232
regulations about voltage quality
232
performance of communication network for low-voltage monitoring
251–252
smart community energy systems
288–291
commercial arrangements
290
commercial arrangements
286
network security and reliability
286–287
Smart Grid Traffic Light Concept
350
Galvin Center Smart Home model
176
layout controllability schemes
177f
communication initiation procedure
354,
355f
wireless 5G technologies with
369
Smart meter gateway administrator (SMGWA)
353–355,
369
advanced metering infrastructure
352
Smart metering-public key infrastructure (SM-PKI)
363–364
based decision making for replacement of distribution transformers
336–341,
338–342f
Solar power generation model
383
Southern California Edison (SCE)
Smart Thermostat Plans
146
Time-of-Use Rate Plans
146
State estimation (SE), data
357–358
State estimation, IESAAN
76–98
retrospective information
92
electric power systems
76–78
flexible alternating current transmission systems
equivalent circuits, parameters of
84
Irkutsk power system
87,
87f
static var. compensator
86,
88,
89t
thyristor-controlled series capacitors
84–85,
85f,
87
Thevenin equivalent (TE) technique
79–81
Strategic Energy Technologies Plan (SET-Plan)
233
Substation automation units (SAUs)
237–238
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system
73,
349
Supreme Council for Science Research and Technology, Iran
30
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI)
375–377
System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI)
231
System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI)
231
T
Technology Innovation System (TIS)
17
Thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSCs)
84–85,
85f,
87
Total transfer capability (TTC) estimation method
artificial intelligence method
112
estimation parameters
111
temporarily compensate for
385
Transparency software
366
Transport layer security (TLS) certificates
363
U
Unified energy system (UES) of Russia
62
Unified modeling language (UML)
48
Unified national electric grid (UNEG)
69–70
United Kingdom, electricity sector
276–282
electricity markets and mechanisms
ancillary service market
279
United States, energy information administration
173,
174f
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
42–43
interruption information
52
periodic meter reads
49,
50f
unified modeling language
48
Utilities level, demand response (DR)
Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E)
146
Southern California Edison (SCE)
146
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPS)
147–148
V
Virtual intelligent electronic devices (VIEDs)
249–251
Virtual power plant (VPP)
348,
361
Voltage instability,
N +1 buses equivalent system
429
Voltage stability assessment (VSA)
429–430
Voluntary load response
150
W
Well-separated cluster
400
Wide area measurement system (WAMS)
73,
74f
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPS)
Cool Credit Direct Load Control Program
147
Three-Level Pricing Program
147
X
Z
Zigbee communication protocol
176