NOTES

ONE Simply Managing

1. See my book The Flying Circus: Why We Love to Hate Our Airlines and Airports, 2005; available at: http://www.mintzberg.org/sites/default/files/book/flying_circus_whole_book_august_2005.pdf.

2. See my article “Covert Leadership: Notes on Managing Professionals,” where I describe observing a conductor in rehearsal for a day. Harvard Business Review, November– December 1998, https://hbr.org/1998/11/covert-leadership-notes-on-managing-professionals.

3. Peter F. Drucker, The Practice of Management (New York: Harper & Row, 1954), 341–342.

4. Sune Carlson, Executive Behaviour: A Study of the Workload and the Working Methods of Managing Directors (Stockholm: Strombergs, 1951), 52.

5. Leonard R. Sayles, Managerial Behavior: Administration in Complex Organizations (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), 162.

6. The internet is loaded with videos about conductors as leaders. See the TED Talk with Itay Talgam (October 21, 2009), which I think best captures both sides of this issue: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wn1fV47NaWY.

7. Warren Bennis, On Becoming a Leader (Philadelphia: Basic Books, 1989); and Abraham Zaleznik, “Managers and Leaders: Are They Different?” Harvard Business Review, January 2004, https://hbr.org/2004/01/managers-and-leaders-are-they-different.

8. Mie Augier, “James March on Education, Leadership, and Don Quixote: Introduction and Interview,” Academy of Management Learning & Education 3, no. 2 (2017): 173. doi: 10.5465/amle.2004.13500521.

9. See chapter 6 of my book Simply Managing: What Managers Do—and Can Do Better (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013).

10. See chapter 3 of both my books The Nature of Managerial Work (New York: HarperCollins, 1973) and Simply Managing.

11. Terry Connolly, “On Taking Action Seriously” in Gerardo R. Ungson, ed., Decision-Making: An Interdisciplinary Inquiry (Boston: Kent, 1982), 45.

12. For more on this and related topics, see Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel, Management: It’s Not What You Think! (AMACOM, 2010).

13. See my July–August 1987 article “Crafting Strategy” at https://hbr.org/1987/07/crafting-strategy. For more, see Tracking Strategies: Toward a General Theory (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), Strategy Bites Back (Harlow, UK: Pearson, 2005), and Strategy Safari: A Guided Tour through the Wilds of Strategic Management (New York: Prentice-Hall, 2009; also Free Press, 1998).

TWO Simply Organizing

14. I first used the word communityship in “Community-ship Is the Answer,” Financial Times, October 23, 2006; see also my article “Rebuilding Companies as Communities,” Harvard Business Review, July–August 2009, https://hbr.org/2009/07/rebuilding-companies-as-communities.

15. For more pictures of this beaver collection, please see www.mintzberg.org/beaver.

16. “The current body of internet research indicates that the internet has not caused a widespread flourishing of new relationships”; people mostly communicate with others they already know, and when they do meet people online, the relationships that continue “tend to migrate offline” (D. D. Barney, “The Vanishing Table, or Community in a World That Is No World,” in Community in the Digital Age: Philosophy and Practice [Lanham, MD: Rowman and Litttlefield, 2006], citing Boase and Wellman).

17. Thomas L. Friedman, “Facebook Meets Brick-and-Mortar Politics,” New York Times, June 9, 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/10/opinion/sunday/friedman-facebook-meets-brick-and-mortar-politics.html.

18. Cases at Harvard Business School “exaggerate the role of individual leaders: 62 per cent of cases feature heroic managers acting alone,” according to an internal HBS study. (Andrew Hill, “Harvard and Its Business School Acolytes Are Due a Rethink,” Financial Times, May 7, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/104359b4-3166-11e7-9555-23ef563ecf9a.)

19. John P. Kotter, “Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1995; reprinted January 2007; the table and quote are from the later version.

20. “1956: Designing Furniture for Flat Packs and Self-Assembly,” Ikea.com, accessed July 31, 2018, https://www.ikea.com/ms/fr_MA/about_ikea/the_ikea_way/history/1940_1950.html.

21. In the last paragraph of the Kotter article, the author noted that “In reality, even successful change efforts are messy and full of surprises.” This sentence belonged in the first paragraph, where it could have changed many of the other paragraphs.

22. Regina E. Herzlinger, “Why Innovation in Health Care Is So Hard,” Harvard Business Review, May 2006, https://hbr.org/2006/05/why-innovation-in-health-care-is-so-hard.

23. Harry Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974), 87.

24. See part II of my book Mintzberg on Manage ment (New York: Free Press, 1989). The original book, The Structuring of Organizations, and the shortened version, Structure in Fives, are widely available in many languages, less so in English. A revision of this book is underway, with the working title Understanding Organizations … Finally.

THREE Analyzing Analysis

25. Robert S. Kaplan and Michael E. Porter, “The Big Idea: How to Solve the Cost Crisis in Health Care,” Harvard Business Review, September 2011, https://hbr.org/2011/09/how-to-solve-the-cost-crisis-in-health-care.

26. Alfred North Whitehead, Science and the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1925).

27. See my article “Beyond Implementation: An Analysis of the Resistance to Policy Analysis” in K. Brian Haley, ed., Operational Research 1978: International Conference Proceedings (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1979), 106–162; a shorter version appeared in INFOR in May 1980.

28. Herbert A. Simon, Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization, 2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1957), 14.

29. See my article “A Note on That Dirty Word ‘Efficiency,’” Interfaces 12, no. 5 (1982), 101–105, https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.12.5.101.

30. From Abraham Kaplan, The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science (New York: Routledge, 1998; also Chandler, 1964).

31. Attributed to Josiah Stamp, 1929, cited in Michael D. Maltz, Bridging Gaps in Police Crime Data: A Discussion Paper from the BJS Fellows Program (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999), 3, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/bgpcd.pdf.

32. In his account of “statistics and planning” in the British Air Ministry during World War II (Planning in Practice: Essays in Aircraft Planning in War-time [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950]), Ely Devons wrote that the collection of such data was extremely difficult and subtle, demanding “a high degree of skill,” yet it “was treated … as inferior, degrading and routine work on which the most inefficient clerical staff could best be employed” (134). Errors entered the data in all kinds of ways, even just treating months as normal although all included some holiday or other. “Figures were often merely a useful way of summing up judgement and guesswork” (155). Sometimes they were even developed through “statistical bargaining.” But “once a figure was put forward … no one was able by rational argument to demonstrate that it was wrong” (155). “And once the figures were called ‘statistics,’ they acquired the authority and sanctity of Holy Writ” (155).

33. See my book Managing the Myths of Health Care: Bridging the Separations between Care, Cure, Control, and Community (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2017).

34. Robert F. Kennedy, “Remarks at the University of Kansas” (speech, Lawrence, KS, March 18, 1968), http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/RFK-Speeches/Remarks-of-Robert-F-Kennedy-at-the-University-of-Kansa-March-18-1968.aspx.

35. Seth Mydans, “Recalculating Happiness in a Himalayan Kingdom,” New York Times, May 6, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/07/world/asia/07bhutan.html.

36. “2010 Survey Results: Results of the Second Nationwide 2010 Survey on Gross National Happiness,” accessed August 4, 2018, http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/survey-results/index.

37. “ACM: Cultural Marxism: The Highest Stage of RW Brakin’ 2 Eclectic Bugaboo,” Daily Kos, March 22, 2015, https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2015/3/22/1366643/-Anti-Capitalist-Meetup-Cultural-Marxism-the-highest-stage-of-RW-brakin-2-eclectic-bugaboo.

38. “Bhutan’s ‘Gross National Happiness’ Masks Problems, Says New Prime Minister,” Telegraph, August 2, 2013, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bhutan/10217936/Bhutans-gross-national-happiness-masks-problems-says-new-prime-minister.html.

39. Gardiner Harris, “Index of Happiness? Bhutan’s New Leader Prefers More Concrete Goals,” New York Times, October 4, 2013, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/05/world/asia/index-of-happiness-bhutans-new-leader-prefers-more-concrete-goals.html.

40. “Bhutan’s ‘Gross National Happiness’ Masks Problems.”

41. F. Scott Fitzgerald, “Part I: The Crack-Up,” Esquire, February 1936 (reprinted March 7, 2017), https://www.esquire.com/lifestyle/a4310/the-crack-up.

FOUR Developing Managers

42. David W. Ewing, Inside the Harvard Business School, citing Howard Stevenson (New York, Times Books, 1990), 273.

43. Francis J. Kelly and Heather Mayfield Kelly, What They Really Teach You at the Harvard Business School (New York: Warner, 1986).

44. David W. Ewing, Inside the Harvard Business School (New York: Crown, 1990).

45. Michael Kinsley, “A Business Soap Opera,” Fortune, June 25, 1984.

46. Brian O’Reilly, “Agee in Exile,” Fortune, May 29, 1995, http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/05/29/203144/index.htm.

47. See my article with Joseph Lampel “Do MBAs Make Better CEOs? Sorry, Dubya, It Ain’t Necessarily So,” Fortune, February 19, 2001; and my book Managers Not MBAs: A Hard Look at the Soft Practice of Managing and Management Development (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2004), 111–119.

48. Danny Miller and Xiaowei Xu, “A Fleeting Glory: Self-Serving Behavior among Celebrated MBA CEOs,” Journal of Management Inquiry 25, no. 3 (2015): 286–300.

49. Danny Miller in an interview. See Nicole Torres, “MBAs Are More Self-Serving Than Other CEOs,” Harvard Business Review, December 2016.

50. Danny Miller and Xiaowei Xu, “MBA CEOs, Short-Term Management and Performance,” Journal of Business Ethics (February 2, 2017).

51. Attributed to Henry Ford, Albert Einstein, and Mark Twain. Einstein actually put it this way: “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result.”

52. International Masters Program for Managers (impm.org) is for business; later we created a similar program for health care: International Masters for Health Leadership (imhl.org).

53. ”This is the best management book I ever read,” IMPM graduate Silke Lehnhardt told colleagues at Lufthansa who were about to start the program. She was holding up her Insight Book, which is given to everyone, blank, at the start of the program. Every day begins with morning reflections, first alone as everyone records thoughts in that book about their learning, their managing, their life. Then they share their insights with colleagues around the table, followed by discussion in a big circle of the most compelling ones. Shouldn’t every manager’s best management book be the one they have written for themselves?

54. See chapters 1–6 of my book Managers Not MBAs; also the articles “Looking Forward to Development,” Training and Development, February 13, 2011, available at https://www.td.org/magazines/td-magazine/looking-forward-to-develop ment; “From Management Development to Organization Development with IMPact,” OD Practitioner 43, no. 3 (2011), available at http://www.mintzberg.org/sites/default/files/article/download/odpractitionerv43no3.pdf; and Jonathan Gosling and Henry Mintzberg, “The Five Minds of a Manager,” Harvard Business Review, November 2003, https://hbr.org/2003/11/the-five-minds-of-a-manager.

55. D. D. Guttenplan described his experience in “The Anti-MBA,” New York Times, May 20, 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/21/world/europe/21iht-educlede21.html.

56. This story is co-authored with Jonathan Gosling.

FIVE Managing in Context

57. See David G. Moore and Orvis F. Collins, The Organization Makers (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970); the 1964 Appleton edition was published under the title The Enterprising Man.

58. T. S. Eliot, “Little Gidding,” http://www.columbia.edu/itc/history/winter/w3206/edit/tseliotlittlegidding.html.

59. See my book Managing the Myths of Health Care: Bridging the Separations between Care, Cure, Control, and Community (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2017).

60. See my article “Managing Government, Governing Management,” Harvard Business Review, May–June 1996, https://hbr.org/1996/05/managing-government-governing-management; see also Jacques Bourgault, Managing Publicly: Monographs of Canadian Public Administration no. 25 (Toronto: Institute of Public Administration of Canada, 2000).

SIX Managing Responsibly

61. David Kocieniewski, “A Shuffle of Aluminum, but to Banks, Pure Gold,” New York Times, July 20, 2013, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/21/business/a-shuffle-of-aluminum-but-to-banks-pure-gold.html.

62. See my book Rebalancing Society: Radical Renewal beyond Left, Right, and Center (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2015).

63. See my article “Who Should Control the Corporation?” California Management Review 27, no. 1 (1984), http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2307/41165115. Also see part IV of my book Power in and around Organizations (1983), available at http://www.mintzberg.org/books/power-and-around-organizations.

SEVEN Managing Ahead

64. Siang Yong Tan and Yvonne Tatsumura, “Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): Discoverer of Penicillin,” Singapore Medical Journal 67, no. 7 (2015); doi: 10.11622/smedj.2015105.

65. Nicola Clark, “Germanwings Crash Looms Large at Lufthansa Shareholders Meeting,” New York Times, April 29, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/30/business/germanwings-crash-looms-large-at-lufthansa-shareholders-meeting.html.

66. See my book Rebalancing Society: Radical Renewal beyond Left, Right, and Center (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2015).

67. Edward Abbey, One Life at a Time, Please (New York: Henry Holt, 1978, 1988), 22.