Appendix . Glossary

ActiveWeb

Active Software's publish/subscribe system for corporate intranet information publishing.

ActiveX

Proprietary Microsoft component model for the Internet.

AWT

Abstract Window Toolkit. One of the windowing environments supplied as part of the core Java classes, uses peer components of the OS.

Bytecode

The binary language produced by the Java compiler and used as the native binary language for the Java Virtual Machine.

C++

Compiled, object-oriented programming language.

Callback

Saving a method with an object in the hopes that the function will be invoked, or "called back," at a later time.

CGI

Common Gateway Interface. The original way of creating executable content on the server side of an HTTP connection. Seeservelt.

Client

Program that invokes another object from a remote location.

COM

Common Object Model. Proprietary Microsoft protocol for platform-independent interobject communication.

Component

A separate object that can be reused, modified, and redeployed without requiring access to its source code.

Component Model

Next wave in object-oriented programming that promotes the reuse of objects without exposing any source code whatsoever to the end user or programmer.

Concurrent Access

Occurs when multiple threads get the same piece of data. Seemutual exclusion.

Constructor

The function of an object that initializes the object and readies it for invocation.

CORBA

Common Object Request Broker Architecture. Industry standard for Distributed Object programming.

Deadlock

Occurs when a thread grabs a mutual exclusion lock and hangs on to it indefinitely, thereby preventing other threads from getting the same lock.

EJB

Enterprise Java Beans. A specification from Sun Microsystems whose goal is to provide corporate America with the ultimate in reusable, scalable, and robust application.

Encapsulation

Object Oriented programming practice of packaging data and behavior together as a single entity.

Encryption

The translation of data into unreadable sequences of characters so that "untranslation" back into its original state is impossible without a "key."

Firewall

Protective barrier between the internal information of a business and the external information it makes available to the world.

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol. The de facto standard for Web communication. Specifies the format of transmissions between Web clients and Web servers.

IDL

Interface Definition Language. The part of the CORBA language that enables objects and their interfaces to be specified easily.

IIOP

Internet Inter-Orb Protocol. New standard for object communication over the Internet. Enables objects to invoke one another over the Internet regardless of the communication mechanism that was used to create them.

Information Hiding

Creating objects that provide one set of user interfaces to data while keeping the plumbing of the data hidden.

Inheritance

The derivation of an object's interfaces or implementations from another object.

IPC

Interprocess Communication. Act of programs talking to one another through a link of some kind, usually a socket.

Java

A platform-independent and architecture-neutral programming language from Sun Microsystems, Inc. Also, slang for coffee.

Java Beans

Component model for Java. Seecomponent model.

See Also Component Model.

Java IDL

The Java binding to CORBA and IDL.

Java RMI

Remote Method Invocation. A means by which to invoke methods on objects that are not necessarily on the same virtual machine.

Java Web Server

The name for the set of components that includes servlets and the written-in-Java HTTP server that allows connections to them.

JDBC

Java Database Connectivity. A set of simple APIs used to connect Java objects directly into databases.

JINI

Sun Microsystem's technology for impromptu networking.

JIT

Just In Time. A kind of compiler that, as part of a Virtual Machine's bytecode interpreter, can take bytecodes and optimize them for a machine's native language.

JNDI

Java Naming and Directory Interface. The set of APIs that allows consistent use of Internet Naming services (like DNS) and LDAP-based access to Directory Services.

JNI

Java Native Interface. APIs used for interfacing with native windows code.

JSP

Java Server Pages. An all-Java solution to producing active server pages; part of servlet technology.

Kerberos

A secure network authentication system based on private key encryption.

Key

The special code that allows the decryption of encrypted data.

Language Mapping

The means necessary to take one language and convert its syntax and semantics to another language.

Layout

Graphical construct in Java's Abstract Window Toolkit that allows components to be placed on the screen.

LDAP

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. A TCP/IP-based interface to Directory Services (ISO X.500).

Location Independent

CORBA-added functionality that enables a client to invoke a server without having to know where it is or how to start it.

Method

An operation on an object. See also Marlon Brando.

Mutual Exclusion

A method used to prevent multiple threads from affecting the same chunk of data.

Naming Service

Any of a number of services that map names to values (DNS, CORBA Naming Service, RMI Registry).

Object Reference

A pointer to an object.

ODBC

Open Database Connectivity. Microsoft-created paradigm and API for communicating with databases. JDBC uses it as a base for interacting with databases from Java applications.

OLE

Object Linking and Embedding. A proprietary Microsoft protocol for interobject communication.

ORB

Object Request Broker. Component of the CORBA environment that routes requests from the client to the server.

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection. A reference model for a layered approach to networking.

Orbix

Iona Technologies' industry-leading entry in the CORBA market.

RSA

RSA Data Security, Inc. One of the patent holders for public key encryption algorithms. RSA usually refers to the specific algorithm.

Serialization

The act of transforming a Java object into a string representation.

Server

Program that accepts invocations from objects at a remote location.

Servlet

A component of the Java Web Server that allows you to create executable programs on the server side of an HTTP connection.

SET

Secure Electronic Transaction. Major credit card vendors' proposal for secure electronic commerce.

Socket

Fundamental tool for network communication. Defines endpoints of communication, the origin of the message, and the destination of the message.

SQL

Structured Query Language. The language most commonly used to construct database queries.

SSL

Secure Socket Layer. Web browser functionality that provides encryption of data across a network.

Streams

A flow of data from which you can get information or to which you can add information.

String Tokenizer

A construct that allows you to search through a string, extracting parts delimited by a token or set of tokens.

Sun

Cool company responsible for the Java programming language.

Swing

The other windowing toolkit supplied with the JDK. It uses 100% Java components to produce user interfaces that are OS independent.

Synchronized

Java's version of a mutual exclusion lock.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol. Socket protocol for point-to-point communication.

Thread

A series of executable steps that are executed along with other steps.

Three-Tier Computing

The philosophy of splitting the client application from the data, using a middle tier called a server. The server routes requests from one or more clients to the data source and sends information back to it.

UDP

User Datagram Protocol (sometimes called Unreliable Datagram Protocol). Socket for broadcast communication.

Vector

Complex Java data type that allows you to store and retrieve information easily in an arraylike construct.

Virtual Machine

Software component of Java that translates Java bytecode into native code that can then be executed on a machine.

VisiBroker

Imprise's CORBA ORB product. Bundled as part of the Netscape Communicator.

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