A WELL-THOUGHT-OUT APPROACH to access control implementation advances the goals of an organization. In this chapter, we will discuss the reasons behind access controls in both the public and private sectors. In the public sector, access controls and the information they protect could save a soldier’s life or keep the public infrastructure running smoothly. In business, or the private sector, access controls help protect valuable assets such as trade secrets from unauthorized disclosure and keep business systems running efficiently. This chapter covers how organizations can determine the value of their information assets and the role that secrecy and access controls play in protecting valuable information systems and assets.