NOTES

INTRODUCTION

1. William Gibson, speaking at interview, “Talk of the Nation,” National Public Radio 30 November 1999, http://www.npr.org/programs/talk-of-the-nation/1999/11/30/12966633, Timecode 11:55 (accessed 11 December 2018).

2. I have a history of heart trouble, including a life-threatening heart attack; my ability to communicate with my doctors in seconds instead of hours makes my life both safer and easier, and gives me the confidence to go hiking up mountains and to travel the world giving talks.

CHAPTER ONE

3. “SOPA/PIPA: Internet Blacklist Legislation,” Electronic Frontier Foundation (undated), https://www.eff.org/issues/coica-internet-censorship-and-copyright-bill (accessed 11 December 2018).

4. “H.R.3261—Stop Online Piracy Act,” U.S. Congress, https://www.congess.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3261 (accessed 11 December 2018).

5. “S.968—PROTECT IP Act of 2011,” U.S. Congress, https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/968 (accessed 11 December 2018).

CHAPTER TWO

6. Boom Technology (website), https://boomsupersonic.com/about/ (accessed 16 November 2018).

7. James Cook, “London taxi company Addison Lee is battling to stay relevant in the age of Uber,” Business Insider Australia 18 December 2015, http://www.businessinsider.com/addison-lee-cto-peter-ingram-explains-how-its-technology-works-2015-12 (accessed 11 December 2018); Jim Edwards, “Addison Lee’s CEO told us how Uber is hurting his business and what he’s doing about it,” http://www.businessinsider.com.au/liam-griffin-ceo-of-addison-lee-on-how-uber-has-hurt-his-mini-cab-business-2015-4 (accessed 11 December 2018).

8. Ben Marlow, “Addison Lee owner flags sale,” Telegraph (U.K.) 28 June 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/10933273/Addison-Lee-owner-flags-sale.html (accessed 11 December 2018).

9. Greg Bensinger and Chester Dawson, “Toyota investing $500 million in Uber in driverless-car pact,” Wall Street Journal 27 August 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/toyota-investing-500-million-in-uber-in-driverless-car-pact-1535393774 (accessed 16 November 2018).

10. Alison Griswold, “Uber wants to replace its drivers with robots. So much for that ‘new economy’ it was building,” Slate 2 February 2015, http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2015/02/02/uber_self_driving_cars_autonomous_taxis_aren_t_so_good_for_contractors_in.html (accessed 11 December 2018).

11. Ray Kurzweil, “The law of accelerating returns,” Kurzweil Accelerating Intelligence 7 March 2001, http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-law-of-accelerating-returns (accessed 11 December 2018).

12. Dominic Basulto, “Why Ray Kurzweil’s predictions are right 86% of the time,” Big Think 2012, http://bigthink.com/endless-innovation/why-ray-kurzweils-predictions-are-right-86-of-the-time (accessed 11 December 2018).

13. T.S., “Why does Kenya lead the world in mobile money?” Economist 27 May 2013, http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/05/economist-explains-18 (accessed 11 December 2018).

14. Peter Diamandis and Steven Kotler, Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think, New York: Free Press, 2012, p. 9.

CHAPTER FOUR

15. Tim Kise, “Uber: Congress’ [sic] new private driver,” Hamilton Place Strategies 11 November 2014, http://hamiltonplacestrategies.com/news/uber-congress-new-private-driver (accessed 11 December 2018).

16. Alberto Gutierrez, “Warning letter,” U.S. Food & Drug Administration 22 November 2013, http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2013/ucm376296.htm (accessed 11 December 2018).

17. “Uber banned in Germany as police swoop in other countries,” BBC News 20 March 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-31942997 (accessed 11 December 2018).

18. James A. Dewar, The Information Age and the Printing Press: Looking Backward to See Ahead, Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, 1998, http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P8014.html (accessed 11 December 2018).

CHAPTER FIVE

19. Gustavo Diaz-Jerez, “Composing with melomics: Delving into the computational world for musical inspiration,” LMJ December 2011; 21:13–14, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/LMJ_a_00053 (accessed 11 December 2018).

20. “AI vs Doctors,” IEEE Spectrum, 2018, https://spectrum.ieee.org/static/ai-vs-doctors (accessed 16 November 2018).

21. Vinod Khosla, “Technology will replace 80% of what doctors do,” Fortune 4 December 2012, http://fortune.com/2012/12/04/technology-will-replace-80-of-what-doctors-do (accessed 11 December 2018).

22. Michael Walter, “If you think AI will never replace radiologists—you might want to think again,” Radiology Business 14 May 2018, https://www.radiologybusiness.com/topics/artificial-intelligence/if-you-think-ai-will-never-replace-radiologists-you-may-want-think (accessed 16 November 2018).

23. Thomas H. Davenport, “Let’s automate all the lawyers,” Wall Street Journal 25 March 2015, http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2015/03/25/lets-automate-all-the-lawyers (accessed 11 December 2018).

24. Kevin Kelly, “The three breakthroughs that have finally unleashed AI on the world,” WIRED 27 October 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/10/future-of-artificial-intelligence (accessed 11 December 2018).

25. Matt McFarland, “Elon Musk: ‘With artificial intelligence, we are summoning the demon,’” Washington Post 24 October 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2014/10/24/elon-musk-with-artificial-intelligence-we-are-summoning-the-demon (accessed 11 December 2018).

26. Rory Cellan-Jones, “Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind,” BBC 2 December 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540 (accessed 11 December 2018).

27. “Hi Reddit, I’m Bill Gates and I’m back for my third AMA. Ask me anything,” Reddit, https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/2tzjp7/hi_reddit_im_bill_gates_and_im_back_for_my_third (accessed 11 December 2018).

28. The White House, “The Administration’s Report on the Future of Artificial Intelligence,” The White House 12 October 2016, https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/10/12/administrations-report-future-artificial-intelligence (accessed 11 December 2018).

29. Executive Office of the President National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology, Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence, Washington, D.C.: The White House, 2016, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf (accessed 21 October 2016).

CHAPTER SIX

30. “The most popular talks of all time,” TED, https://www.ted.com/playlists/171/the_most_popular_talks_of_all (accessed 7 September 2018).

31. Sugata Mitra, “Kids can teach themselves,” TED February 2007, http://www.ted.com/talks/sugata_mitra_shows_how_kids_teach_themselves (accessed 11 December 2018).

CHAPTER SEVEN

32. Richard Dobbs and James Manyika, “The obesity crisis,” The Cairo Review of Global Affairs 5 July 2015, https://www.thecairoreview.com/essays/the-obesity-crisis (accessed 11 December 2018).

33. Mike Millard, “FDA approves first digital pill, a drug that comes with ingestible sensor,” HealthcareITNews 14 November 2017, https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/fda-approves-first-digital-pill-drug-comes-ingestible-sensor (accessed 11 December 2018).

34. Mike Wuerthele, “Apple and Stanford Medicine fire up Heart Study to spot irregular beat, atrial fibrillation,” AppleInsider 30 November 2017, https://appleinsider.com/articles/17/11/30/apple-and-stanford-medicine-fire-up-heart-study-to-spot-irregular-beat-atrial-fibrillation (accessed 8 September 2018).

35. Mrs. Rajashree Birla, “Village social entrepreneurs in health care,” video, 17 May 2018, https://youtu.be/4EAflxM7nYY (accessed 16 November 2018).

36. Andis Robeznieks, “U.S. has highest maternal death rate among developed countries,” Modern Healthcare 6 May 2015, http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150506/NEWS/150509941 (accessed 11 December 2018).

37. Emily Cegielski, “In parts of the US, maternal death rates are on par with sub-Saharan Africa,” New York Times 24 April 2015, http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2015/04/24/in-parts-of-the-us-maternal-death-rates-are-on-par-with-sub-saharan-africa (accessed 11 December 2018).

38. Thomas Goetz, “I tried to revolutionize health care. Here’s why it’s so hard to crack,” Inc. June 2017, https://www.inc.com/magazine/201706/thomas-goetz/healthcare-disruption-never-happened.html (accessed 16 November 2018).

39. Scott Hensley, “Atul Gawande named CEO of health venture by Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and J.P. Morgan,” Shots: Health News from NPR, 20 June 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/06/20/621808003/atul-gawande-named-ceo-of-health-venture-by-amazon-berkshire-hathaway-and-jpmorg (accessed 16 November 2018).

40. Ian L. Marpuri, “Researchers explore genomic data privacy and risk,” National Human Genome Research Institute 8 April 2013, https://www.genome.gov/27553487/researchers-explore-genomic-data-privacy-and-risk (accessed 11 December 2018).

41. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 21 May 2008, https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/gina.cfm (accessed 11 December).

42. Philip Perry, “Studies: Fitness trackers don’t help you lose weight (and genes aren’t to blame),” Big Think 22 September 2016, https://bigthink.com/philip-perry/fitness-trackers-dont-help-you-lose-weight-and-genes-arent-to-blame-either-studies-proclaim (accessed 8 September 8 2018).

43. Natasha Singer, “Apple, in sign of health of ambitions, adds medical records feature for iPhone,” New York Times 24 January 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/technology/Apple-iPhone-medical-records.html (accessed 16 November 2018).

CHAPTER EIGHT

44. “Planet Money,” National Public Radio 8 May 2015, http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=405270046 (accessed 11 December 2018).

45. The Verge, “The 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8P9geWwi9e0 (accessed 11 December 2018).

46. Richard Lawler, “Google DeepMind AI wins final Go match for 4–1 series win,” Engadget 14 March 2016, https://www.engadget.com/2016/03/14/the-final-lee-sedol-vs-alphago-match-is-about-to-start (accessed 11 December 2018).

47. Wan He, Daniel Goodkind, and Paul Kowal, U.S. Census Bureau, An Aging World: 2015, International Population Reports P95/16-1, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2016, http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p95-16-1.pdf (accessed 11 December 2018).

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49. Stuart Russell, Nils J. Nilson, Barbara J. Grosz, et al., “Autonomous weapons: An open letter from AI and robotics researchers,” Future of Life Institute, http://futureoflife.org/open-letter-autonomous-weapons (accessed 11 December 2018).

50. “2018 Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS),” The United Nations Office at Geneva, https://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/7C335E71DFCB29D1C1258243003E8724?OpenDocument (accessed 16 November2018).

51. AJung Moon, “Machine Agency,” Roboethics info Database 22 April 2012, http://www.amoon.ca/Roboethics/wiki/the-open-roboethics-initiative/machine-agency (accessed 11 December 2018).

52. Jason Kravarik and Sara Sidner, “The Dallas shootout, in the eyes of police,” CNN 15 July 2016, https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/health/dallas-shootout-police-perspective/index.html (accessed 11 December 2018).

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57. Timothy J. Seppela, “Google is working on a kill switch to prevent an AI uprising,” Engadget 3 June 2016, https://www.engadget.com/2016/06/03/google-ai-killswitch/ (accessed 11 December 2018).

CHAPTER NINE

58. Dan Kloeffler and Alexis Shaw, “Dick Cheney feared assassination via medical device hacking: ‘I was aware of the danger,’” ABC News 19 October 2013, http://abcnews.go.com/US/vice-president-dick-cheney-feared-pacemaker-hacking/story?id=20621434 (accessed 11 December 2018).

59. Kim Zetter, “An unprecedented look at Stuxnet, the world’s first digital weapon,” WIRED 3 November 2014, https://www.wired.com/2014/11/countdown-to-zero-day-stuxnet (accessed 11 December 2018).

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61. Andy Greenberg, “The untold story of NotPetya, the most devastating cyberattack in history,” Wired 22 August 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/notpetya-cyberattack-ukraine-russia-code-crashed-the-world/ (accessed 16 November 2018).

62. Alan Blinder and Nicole Perlroth, “A cyberattack hobbles Atlanta, and security experts shudder”, The New York Times 27 March 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/27/us/cyberattack-atlanta-ransomware.html (accessed 24 January 2019).

63. Casey Newton, “The mind-bending messiness of the Ashley Madison data dump,” Verge 19 August 2015, http://www.theverge.com/2015/8/19/9178855/ashley-madison-data-breach-implications (accessed 11 December 2018).

64. Mat Honan, “How Apple and Amazon security flaws led to my epic hacking,” WIRED 6 August 2012, https://www.wired.com/2012/08/apple-amazon-mat-honan-hacking (accessed 11 December 2018).

CHAPTER TEN

65. Jonathan Vanian, “7-Eleven Just Used a Drone to Deliver a Chicken Sandwich and Slurpees,” Fortune 22 July 2016, http://fortune.com/2016/07/22/7-eleven-drone-flirtey-slurpee (accessed 11 December 2018).

66. Li Tao and Yingzhi Yang, “Your Chinese takeaway is ready to be delivered by drone,” South China Morning Post 30 May 2018, https://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2148350/your-chinese-takeaway-ready-be-delivered-drone (accessed 16 November 2018).

67. “Drones: Reporting for work,” Goldman Sachs, https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/technology-driving-innovation/drones/ (accessed 16 November 2018).

68. Chris Anderson, “How I accidentally kickstarted the domestic drone boom,” WIRED 22 June 2012, http://www.wired.com/2012/06/ff_drones (accessed 11 December 2018).

69. Adele Peters, “These medical delivery drones could soon be supplying U.S. hospitals,” Fast Company 13 April 2018, https://www.fastcompany.com/40555697/zipline-will-soon-be-flying-its-lifesaving-drones-in-the-u-s (accessed 16 November 16, 2018).

70. Richard Stradling, “Medical delivery by drone begins with short flight at WakeMed this week,” News & Observer 27 August 2018, https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/article217285105.html (accessed 16 November 2018).

71. Nicole Comstock, “Cal Fire air tankers grounded due to drone,” Fox40 25 June 2015, http://fox40.com/2015/06/25/cal-fire-air-tankers-grounded-due-to-drone (accessed 11 December 2018).

72. Kristina Davis, “Two plead guilty in border drug smuggling by drone,” Los Angeles Times 13 August 2015, http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-drone-drugs-20150813-story.html (accessed 11 December 2018).

73. “ISIS booby-trapped drone kills troops in Iraq, officials say,” Guardian 12 October 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/12/exploding-drone-sent-by-isis-allies-kills-and-wounds-troops-in-iraq-report (accessed 11 December 2018).

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CHAPTER ELEVEN

76. Diana W. Bianchi, R. Lamar Parker, Jeffrey Wentworth, et al., “DNA sequencing versus standard aneuploidy screening,” New England Journal of Medicine 2014;370:799–808, http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1311037 (accessed 11 December 2018).

77. Jessica X. Chong, Kati J. Buckingham, Shalini N. Jhangiani, et al., “The genetic basis of Mendelian phenotypes: Discoveries, challenges, and opportunities,” American Journal of Human Genetics 2015;97(2):199–215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.06.009 (accessed 11 December 2018).

78. Aleksandar D. Kostic, Dirk Gevers, Heli Siljander, et al., “The Dynamics of the Human Infant Gut Microbiome in Development and in Progression toward Type 1 Diabetes,” Cell Host & Microbe 2015;17(2):260–273, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.01.001 (accessed 11 December 2018).

79. David L. Suskind, Mitchell J. Brittnacher, Ghassan Wahbeh, et al., “Fecal microbial transplant effect on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome in active Crohn’s disease,” Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2015;21(3):556, https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000307 (accessed 11 December 2018).

80. Kate Lunau, “Scientists are now trying fecal transplants on kids,” Motherboard 16 September 2016, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/fecal-transplants-kids-ibd-crohns-colitis-mcmaster-clinical-trial (accessed 11 December 2018).

81. Richard J. Turnbaugh, Vanessa K. Ridaura, Jeremiah J. Faith, et al., “The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: A metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice,” Sci Transl Med 2009;1(6):6ra14, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2894525 (accessed 11 December 2018).

82. Colin Plesa et al., “Multiplexed gene synthesis in emulsions for exploring protein functional landscapes,” Science 4 January 2018, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2018/01/03/science.aao5167 (accessed 16 November 2018).

83. Yuyu Niu, Bin Shen, Yiqiang Cui, et al., “Generation of gene-modified cynomolgus monkey via Cas9/RNA-mediated gene targeting in one-cell embryos,” Cell 2014;156(4):836–843, http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(14)00079-8 (accessed 11 December 2018).

84. David Cyranoski and Sara Reardon, “Chinese scientists genetically modify human embryos,” Nature 22 April 2015, http://www.nature.com/news/chinese-scientists-genetically-modify-human-embryos-1.17378 (accessed 11 December 2018).

85. Ewen Callaway, “Second Chinese team reports gene editing in human embryos,” Nature 8 April 2016, http://www.nature.com/news/second-chinese-team-reports-gene-editing-in-human-embryos-1.19718 (accessed 11 December 2018).

86. Megan Molteni, “With embryo base editing, China gets another CRISPR first,” Wired 28 August 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/crispr-base-editing-first-china/ (accessed 16 November 2018).

87. Megan Molteni, “CRISPR’d food, coming soon to a supermarket near you,” Wired 30 March 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/crisprd-food-coming-soon-to-a-supermarket-near-you/ (accessed 16 November 2018).

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89. Andrew Pollack, “Jennifer Doudna, a pioneer who helped simplify gene editing,” New York Times 11 May 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/jennifer-doudna-crispr-cas9-genetic-engineering.html (accessed 11 December 2018).

90. Vivek Wadhwa, “Why there’s an urgent need for a moratorium on gene editing,” Washington Post 8 September 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2015/09/08/why-theres-an-urgent-need-for-a-moratorium-on-gene-editing (accessed 11 December 2018).

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92. Miles Donovan, “Hacking the President’s DNA,” Atlantic November 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/11/hacking-the-presidents-dna/309147 (accessed 11 December 2018).

93. The White House, “FACT SHEET: Announcing the National Microbiome Initiative,” The White House 13 May 2016, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/05/12/fact-sheet-announcing-national-microbiome-initiative (accessed 11 December 2018).

CHAPTER TWELVE

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96. Fred Lambert, “Understanding the fatal Tesla accident on autopilot and the NHTSA probe,” Electrek 1 July 2016, https://electrek.co/2016/07/01/understanding-fatal-tesla-accident-autopilot-nhtsa-probe (accessed 11 December 2018).

97. Lawrence D. Burns, William C. Jordan, and Bonnie A. Scarborough, Transforming Personal Mobility (rev.), New York, NY: The Earth Institute, Columbia University, 2013, http://sustainablemobility.ei.columbia.edu/files/2012/12/Transforming-Personal-Mobility-Jan-27-20132.pdf (accessed 21 October 2016).

98. Paul Stenquist, “In self-driving cars, a potential lifeline for the disabled,” New York Times (New York edition) 9 November 2014:AU2, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/automobiles/in-self-driving-cars-a-potential-lifeline-for-the-disabled.html (accessed 11 December 2018).

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CHAPTER THIRTEEN

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108. James Manyika, Michael Chui, Peter Bisson, et al., The Internet of Things: Mapping the Value beyond the Hype, McKinsey 2015, http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/the-internet-of-things-the-value-of-digitizing-the-physical-world (accessed 21 October 2016).

109. Hayley Tsukayama, “VTech says 6.4 million children profiles were caught up in its data breach,” Washington Post 1 December 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/12/01/vtech-says-6-4-million-children-were-caught-up-in-its-data-breach (accessed 11 December 2018).

110. Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai, “One of the largest hacks yet exposes data on hundreds of thousands of kids,” Motherboard 27 November 2015, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/one-of-the-largest-hacks-yet-exposes-data-on-hundreds-of-thousands-of-kids (accessed 11 December 2018).

111. Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai, “Hacker obtained children’s headshots and chatlogs from toymaker VTech,” Motherboard 30 November 2015, http://motherboard.vice.com/read/hacker-obtained-childrens-headshots-and-chatlogs-from-toymaker-vtech (accessed 11 December 2018)

112. Andrea Peterson, “Hello (hackable) Barbie,” Washington Post 4 December 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/12/04/hello-hackable-barbie (accessed 11 December 2018).

113. “FAQ about cyber attack on VTech Learning Lodge,” VTech 8 August 2016, https://www.vtech.com/en/press_release/2015/faq-about-data-breach-on-vtech-learning-lodge (accessed 11 December 2018).

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