References

Abbott, A. 1988. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ad Fontes Media. n.d. “Interactive Media Bias Chart.” www.adfontesmedia.com/interactive-media-bias-chart/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Air Force Institute of Technology. n.d. “Civilian Institution Programs.” www.afit.edu/CIP/page.cfm?page=1567 (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Ajaka, N., G. Kessler, and E. Samuels. 2019. “The Washington Post’s Guide to Manipulated Video.” Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/politics/fact-checker/manipulated-video-guide/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Allen, M. 2019. “Zuckerberg Wants Facebook’s News Tab to Do ‘a Better Job of Supporting Journalism.’” Axios. www.axios.com/facebook-news-tab-mark-zuckerberg-interview-4935b1d4-25ed-4856-981e-e9b3b2e4551e.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

American Historical Association. n.d. “The Story of Propaganda.” www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/em-2-what-is-propaganda-(1944)/the-story-of-propaganda (accessed on October 08, 2021).

American University. 2021. “What Are Reliable Sources for Fact-Checking and Recognizing ‘Fake News’?” American University Library. https://answers.library.american.edu/faq/282165 (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Andrew, S. 2020. “There’s a Growing Call to Defund the Police. Here’s What Is Means.” CNN. www.cnn.com/2020/06/06/us/what-is-defund-police-trnd/index.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Atlantic Council. 2019. “US National Security Advisor LTG H.R. McMaster: Russian Aggression Is Strengthening Our Resolve.” Atlantic Council. www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/transcript/us-national-security-advisor-ltgen-h-r-mcmaster-russian-aggression-is-strengthening-our-resolve/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Aukofer, F. and W.P. Lawrence. 1995. America’s Team: The odd couple, P. 35. Nashville: The Freedom Forum First Amendment Center.

Baer, B. 2019. “Video: Astros Relay Signs to Hitters by Banging on a Trash Can in 2017.” NBC Sports. https://mlb.nbcsports.com/2019/11/12/video-astros-relay-signs-to-hitters-by-banging-on-a-trash-can-in-2017/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Bereiter, G. 2016. “The U.S. Navy in Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001–2002.” Washington Navy Yard, D.C.: Navy History and Heritage Center. www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-operation-enduring-freedom-2001-2002.html. (accessed on May 23, 2022).

Bethal College. 2021. “Fake News or Real? or How to Become Media Savvy: Confirmation Bias.” Bethal College Library Guides. https://bethelks.libguides.com/c.php?g=591268&p=4194631 (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Black Lives Matter. n.d. “About.” https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Bowden, J. 2020. “Tim Cook Praises Supreme Court Ruling on DACA.” The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/technology/tech-execs/503382-tim-cook-praises-supreme-court-ruling-on-daca (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Brenan, M. 2021. “America’s Trust in Media Dips to Second Lowest on Record.” Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/355526/americans-trust-media-dips-second-lowest-record.aspx. (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Brittain, A. and I. Carmon. 2018. “Charlie Rose’s Misconduct Was Widespread at CBS and Three Managers Were Warned, Investigation Finds.” Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/charlie-roses-misconduct-was-widespread-at-cbs-and-three-managers-were-warned-investigation-finds/2018/05/02/80613d24-3228-11e8-94fa-32d48460b955_story.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Broom, G.M. and B.-L. Sha. 2013. Cutlip & Center’s Effective Public Relations (11th ed.).

Broom, G.M. and D.M. Dozier. 1986. “Advancement for Public Relations Role Models.” Public Relations Review 12, pp. 37–56.

Brown, C.H. 1967. The Correspondents’ War: Journalists in the Spanish-American War, p. 389. New York, NY: Schribner Publishing.

Brown, C. 2019. “Introducing Facebook News.” Meta. https://about.fb.com/news/2019/10/introducing-facebook-news/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Browne, R. 2020. “Europe’s Privacy Overhaul Has Led to $126 Million in Fines—But Regulators Are Just Getting Started.” CNBC. www.cnbc.com/2020/01/19/eu-gdpr-privacy-law-led-to-over-100-million-in-fines.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Burns, E., N. Laskowski, and L. Tucci. n.d. “What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?” TechTarget. https://searchenterpriseai.techtarget.comdefinition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Burt, T. 2021. “7 Must-Have Public Relations Skills.” https://muckrack.com/blog/2021/06/01/public-relations-skills (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Carvajal, E. n.d. “Arnold Schwarzenegger Confirmed That Maria Shiver Knew About His Affair for ‘Many Years’.” https://news.amomama.com/190268-arnold-schwarzenegger-confirmed-that-mar.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Cassidy, J. 2019. “Alex Acosta Had to Go, But the Jeffrey Epstein Scandal Is Really About Money and Privilege.” New Yorker. www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/alex-acosta-had-to-resign-but-the-epstein-scandal-goes-well-beyond-his-role (accessed on August 20, 2021).

Center for an Informed Public. n.d. “About.” University of Washington Center for an Informed Public. www.cip.uw.edu/about/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Chandran, M., L. DeFrancisco, S. Fugler, and E. Seasit. 2002. “Analyzing Credibility: A Study Examining Demographic Factors and Personality Traits That Influence Military Public Affairs’ Credibility.” DoD Joint Course in Communication, Class 02-A. University of Oklahoma. Accessed at www.ou.edu/deptcomm/dodjcc/groups/02A/index.htm.

Clabaugh, J. 2019. “The Washington Post Ends Publication of Express.” WTOP News. https://wtop.com/business-finance/2019/09/the-washington-post-ends-publication-of-express/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Clarine, B. 2016. “1 Reasons Why Video Is Better Than Any Other Medium.” www.advancedwebranking.com/blog/11-reasons-why-video-is-better/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Commission on Public Relations Education. 2017. “Fast Forward: The Commission on Public Relations Education 2017 Report on Undergraduate Education.” www.commissionpred.org/commission-reports/fast-forward-foundations-future-state-educators-practitioners/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Corn, D. 2020. “Newly Released Transcripts Show Michael Flynn Betrayed the United States.” Mother Jones. www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/05/newly-released-transcripts-show-michael-flynn-betrayed-the-united-states/ (access on October 08, 2021).

David M., D.K. Wright, and D.W. Stacks. n.d. “Evaluating Efficacy in Public Relations/Corporate Communication Planning: Towards Establishing Standards of Campaign Performance.” Public Relations Journal 6, pp. 1–25.

Davies, W. 2019. “Why Can’t We Agree on What’s True Anymore?” The Guardian. www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/19/why-cant-we-agree-on-whats-true-anymore (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.a. “DINFOS History.” www.dinfos.dma.mil/About/DINFOS-History/ (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.b. “PACS-Q.” www.dinfos.dma.mil/Academics/DINFOS-Course-Catalog/DINFOS_PACS-Q/ (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.c. “Joint Intermediate Public Affairs Course Training Program of Instruction.” www.dinfos.dma.mil/Portals/66/UPDATED_TPI_JIPAC_5_20_2020.pdf (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.d. “Information for Combat Camera Leadership Course (CCLC).” www.dinfos.dma.mil/Portals/66/Documents/Academics/PALD/CCLC.pdf (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.e. “Visual Information Management Course.” www.dinfos.dma.mil/Portals/66/Documents/Academics/PALD/VIM.pdf (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.f. “Joint Contingency Public Affairs Course Training Program of Instruction.” www.dinfos.dma.mil/Portals/66/SIGNED-JCPAC_TPI%2022%20May%202020_1.pdf (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.g. “Mass Communications Foundatiopns Course.” www.dinfos.dma.mil/Academics/DINFOS-Course-Catalog/DINFOS_MCF/ (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Defense Information School. n.d.h. “About Pavilion.” https://pavilion.dinfos.edu/About/ (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Dennis, E. 1992. Of Media and People, p. 10. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.

Department of Defense. 1993. Joint Ethics Regulation. DoD Instruction 5500.7-R. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense. www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/550007r.pdf.

Department of Defense. 2007. Standards of Conduct. DoD Directive 5500. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense. www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/550007p.pdf.

Department of Defense. 2012. Joint Publication 3-13, Information Operations. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense. http://dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_13.pdf.

Department of Defense. 2014. Procedures for Joint Public Affairs Operations. DoD Instruction 5400.14. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense. www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/540014p.pdf.

Department of Defense. 2016. Joint Publication 3-61, Public Affairs. Washington, D.C.” Department of Defense. www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp3_61.pdf.

Department of Defense. 2017. Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs (ATSD(PA)). DoD Directive 5122.05. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense. www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/512205_dodd_2017.pdf?ver=2017-08-07-125832-023.

Department of the Air Force. 2018. “AFSC 35P Public Affairs Officer /Civilian Career Field Education And Training Plan.” https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/saf_pa/publication/cfetp35p/cfetp35p.pdf (accessed on November 29, 2021).

Department of the Army. DA PAM 600–3. February 01, 2010. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. www.career-satisfaction.army.mil/resources/pdfs/DA%20Pamphlet%206003_Commissioned_Officer_Professional_Development_and_Career_Management.pdf.

Department of the Army. n.d. “Army Public Affairs: Telling the Army’s Storey.” www.army.mil/publicaffairs/ (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Dietrich, G. 2022. “Is 2022 the Year You (Finally) Embrace the PESO Model™?” https://spinsucks.com/communication/pr-pros-must-embrace-the-peso-model/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Dolphin, R. 2005. “Internal Communications: Today’s Strategic Imperative.” Journal of Marketing Communications 11, no.3, pp. 171–190.

Douglas, P. 2002. “No Bad Stories: The American Media-Military Relationship.” Naval War College Review Vol. LV, no. 1, p. 87, Winter.

Edelman. 2018. “Edelman Trust Barometer.” www.edelman.com/research/2018-delman-trust-barometer (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Edelman. 2020. “2020 Edelman Trust Barometer spring update: Trust and the Coronavirus.” www.edelman.com/research/trust-2020-spring-update (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Edelman. n.d. “What Brands Need to Know About Covid-19 & Being Black in America.” Insights & Implications. www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2020-06/COVID-19%20and%20Being%20Black%20in%20America.pdf (accessed on October 08, 2021).

FBI. 2017. “Safe Online Surfing Internet Challenge.” FBI. www.fbi.gov/news/stories/new-safe-online-surfing-internet-challenge (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Fox, E.J. 2017. “Brian Williams Opens Up About His Unexpected Re-Invention: ‘Second Acts Are Possible, With A Little Spiffing Up.’” Vanity Fair. www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/10/brian-williams-11th-hour (accessed on October 10, 2021).

Gallup. Inc. n.d. “Confidence in Institutions.” https://news.gallup.com/poll/1597/confidence-institutions.aspx (accessed October 08, 2021).

GDPR.EU. n.d. “Complete Guide to GDPR Compliance.” GDPR.EU. https://gdpr.eu/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Grantham, R., Maj. USAFR. 2000. “Air War Over Serbia: It Is Important To Win The Information War.” Alabama: Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base.

Greenhut, S. 2013. “Jounalism Is an Act, Not a Profession.” Reason. https://reason.com/2013/07/12/journalism-is-an-act-not-a-profession/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Handke, L., E. Schulte, K. Schneider, and S. Kauffeld. 2018. “The Medium Isn’t the Message: Introducing a Measure of Adaptive Virtual Communication.” Cogent Arts & Humanities Vol. 5, Issue 1.

Headquarters Marine Corps. n.d. Communications Directorate. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Marine Corps. www.hqmc.marines.mil/ousmcc/.

Heshmat, S. 2015. “What Is Confirmation Bias?” Psychology Today. www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/science-choice/201504/what-is-confirmation-bias (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Hubbard, L. 2021. “Here’s What Matt Lauer Is Doing Now.” Town and Country Magazine. www.townandcountrymag.com/society/a15845582/what-matt-lauer-is-doing-now/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Jenkins, H. 2019. “What the Press Doesn’t Know About Ukraine.” Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-the-press-doesnt-know-about-ukraine-11569620897 (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Jones, J. and C. Lloyd. “Larger Majority Says Racism Against Black People Widespread.” Gallup. https://news.gallup.com/poll/352544/larger-majority-says-racism-against-black-people-widespread.aspx (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Josephson, M. 2005. “Preserving the Public Trust: The Five Principles of Public Service Ethics.” United States: Unlimited Pub.

Jurkowitz, M., A. Mitchell, L. Santhanam, S. Adams, M. Anderson, and N. Vogt. 2013. “The Changing TV News Landscape.” Pew Research Center www.journalism.org/2013/03/17/the-changing-tv-news-landscape/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Kazden, B. 2017. “What ‘Breaking News” Really Means in Today’s World.” Huffington Post. www.huffpost.com/entry/what-breaking-news-means_b_12549374 (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Keefe, J., Y. Zhou and J. Merrill. 2021. “The Present and Potential of AI in Journalism.” https://knightfoundation.org/articles/the-present-and-potential-of-ai-in-journalism/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Keily, T.J. 2022. “5 Massive PR Trends in 2022 Your Brand Should Be Dominating.” www.meltwater.com/en/blog/pr-trends-your-brand-should-be-dominating (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Kirby, J.F. 2000. ”Shaping Today’s Battlefield: Public Affairs as an Operational Function.” Naval War College Essays 2000.

Kjaer, A.L. n.d. “Speaker Ideas.” https://speakerideas.com/speaker/anne-lise-kjaer/ (accessed on April 12, 2022).

Kroll, M.M. 2017. “Coast Guard Public Affairs Program History: The Search for Symmetry.” San Diego: San Diego State University, Proquest Dissertations Publishing.

Kurtz, H. n.d. “Embedded in Controversy.” www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36362-2003mar27.html (accessed on November 09, 2021).

Lamay, C., M. FitzSimon, and J. Sahadi, ed. 1991. The Media at War: The Press and the Persian Gulf Conflict, p. 11. New York, NY: Gannett Foundation Media Center.

Larson, N., J.K. Mortenson, and R. Miller. 2020. “What Is ‘Futures Literacy’ and Why Is It Important?” https://medium.com/copenhagen-institute-for-futures-studies/what-is-futures-literacy-and-why-is-it-important-a27f24b983d8 (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Lehman, S. 2017. “Coast Guard Public Affairs Middle Management and the Excellence Study.” Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University. https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=thesis (accessed on November 29, 2021).

Library of Congress. n.d. “The Spanish-American War: The United States Becomes A World Power.” www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/spanish-american-war-the-united-states-becomes-a-world-power/ (accessed on November 09, 2021).

Little, N. 2020. “Why Integrated Communications Is the Future of Public Relations.” https://spinsucks.com/communication/integrated-communications-pr-future/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Ma, A. and B. Gilbert. 2019. “Facebook Understood How Dangerous the Trump-Linked Data Firm Cambridge Analytica Could Be Much Earlier Than It Previously Said. Here’s Everything That’s Happened Up Until Now.” Insider. www.businessinsider.com/cambridge-analytica-a-guide-to-the-trump-linked-data-firm-that-harvested-50-million-facebook-profiles-2018-3 (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Maldanodo, M. 2020. “AI in PR: The Conversation Has Just Begun.” https://instituteforpr.org/ai-in-pr-the-conversation-has-just-begun/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Marantz, A. 2019. “The Dark Side of Techno-Utopianism.” The New Yorker. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/30/the-dark-side-of-technoutopianism (accessed on October 08, 2021).

McCarthy, N. 2018. “Americas Most and Least Trusted Professions.” Forbes. www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2018/01/04/americas-most-and-least-trusted-professions-infographic/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

McLennan, S. and J. Miles. “Opinion: A Once Unimaginable Scenario: No More Newspapers.” Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/news/theworldpost/wp/2018/03/21/newspapers/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Michaelson, D. and D.W. Stacks. 2017. A Professional and Practitioner’s Guide to Public Relations Research, Measurement, and Evaluation, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.

Middlebury Libraries. 2021. “Internet News, Fact-Checking, & Critical Thinking.” Middlebury Library Guides. https://middlebury.libguides.com/internet/fact-checking (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Mitchell, A., A. Grieco, and N. Sumida. n.d. “American’s Favor Protecting Information Freedoms Over Government Steps to Restrict False News Online.” Pew Research Center. www.journalism.org/2018/04/19/americans-favor-protecting-information-freedoms-over-government-steps-to-restrict-false-news-online/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Mock, J.R. 1941. Censorship 1917, p. 103. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Moshin, M. 2021. “10 Facebook Statistics Every Marketer Should Know in 2021.” Oberlo. www.oberlo.com/blog/facebook-statistics (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Mueller, R. 2019. “Report on the Investigation Into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election.” U.S. Department of Justice. www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Nathanman, J., RADM, USN. September–October 1999. “Triumph in Kosovo: Naval Aviation Keys Allied Success.” Naval Aviation News.

Naval Personnel Command. 2002. MILPERSMAN 1212-010. Millington, Tennessee: Department of the Navy. www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Reference/MILPERSMAN/1000/1200Classification/1212-010.pdf?ver=ym0SgICUh1wMdlE3RdpZcw%3d%3d.

Navy Bureau of Personnel. 2019. Program Authorization 103—PAO Direct Commissioning Program. Millington, Tennessee: Department of the Navy. www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Career-Management/Community-Management/Officer/Active-OCM/Restricted-Line/Public-Affairs-Officer/.

Navy Bureau of Personnel. 2021. August 2021. Lateral Transfer and Redesignation Board Letter of Instruction. Millington, Tennessee: Department of the Navy. www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Boards/Administrative/TransferRedesignation/Lateral_Transfer_LOI_2021-08_Aug.pdf?ver=Lv0ED44S94npjlohla_ueA%3D%3D.

Navy Chief of Information. 2020. “PA Career Progression Brief.” www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Career-Management/Detailing/Officer/Pers-44-Staff-RL/Public-Affairs/ (accessed on November 29, 2021).

Neill, M.S. and M.E. Drumwright. 2012. “PR Professionals as Organizational Conscience.” Journal of Mass Media Ethics 27, no. 4, pp. 220–234.

Nelson, H.L. 1967. Freedom of the Press from Hamilton to the Warren Court, pp. 229–230. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

New York Times. n.d.“Roman Catholic Church Sex Abuse Cases.” www.nytimes.com/topic/organization/roman-catholic-church-sex-abuse-cases (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Nieman Lab. n.d. “Predictions for Journalism 2020.” Nieman Lab. www.niemanlab.org/collection/predictions-2020/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Noor, I. 2020. “Confirmation bias.” Simply Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org/confirmation-bias.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

O’Malley, A. 1920. Keystones of Thought. New York, NY: Devlin-Adair.

Ocalya, A. (@metaviv). October 08, 2018. “Believable: The Terrifyin Future of Fake News.” Twitter, 10:27 a.m. https://twitter.com/metaviv/status/963188182861864960.

Panetta, K. 2019. “Trending: 15 Apps Parents Should Know About.” 47ABC. www.wmdt.com/2019/08/trending-15-apps-parents-should-know-about (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Panja, T. 2019. “Russia Banned From Olympics and Global Sports for 4 Years Over Doping.” New York times. www.nytimes.com/2019/12/09/sports/russia-doping-ban.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Parker, L. 2015. “The Anti-Vaccine Generation: How Movement Against Shots Got Its Start.” National Geographic. www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/2/150206-measles-vaccine-disney-outbreak-polio-health-science-infocus/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Peterson, A. n.d. “The Big Deal About Big Data & PR.” www.commpro.biz/thebig-deal-about-big-data-pr/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

PRSA. 2021. “Detailed Knowledge, Skills and Abilities Tested on the Computer-based Examination for Accreditation in Public Relations.” www.prsa.org/docs/default-source/accreditation-site/apr-ksas-tested.pdf (accessed on October 04, 2021).

PRSA. 2022. “Voices4Everyone.” https://voices4everyone.prsa.org.

PRSA. n.d.a. “Silver Anvil Awards.” www.prsa.org/conferences-and-awards/awards/silver-anvil-awards (accessed on June 19, 2021).

PRSA. n.d.b. “About Public Relations.” www.prsa.org/about/all-about-pr (accessed on June 15, 2021).

PRSA. n.d.c. “PRSA Code of Ethics.” www.prsa.org/about/prsa-code-of-ethics. (accessed on September 29, 2021).

Public Broadcast System. n.d. “World War II Propaganda.” www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/goebbels-propaganda/ (accessed October 08, 2021).

Public Relations Society of America (PRSA). n.d. “APRM-FAQ.” www.praccreditation.org (accessed on June 16, 2021).

Quell, M. 2020. “More Countries Pass ‘Fake News’ Laws in Pandemic Era.” Courthouse News. www.courthousenews.com/more-countries-pass-fake-news-laws-in-pandemic-era/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Quick, J. and H. Larson. 2018. “The Vaccine-Autism Myth Started 20 Years Ago. Here’s Why It Still Endures Today.” Time. https://time.com/5175704/andrew-wakefield-vaccine-autism/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Ransom, J. 2020. “Harvey Weinstein’s Stunning Downfall: 23 Years in Prison.” New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/nyregion/harvey-weinstein-sentencing.html (accessed on August 20, 2021).

Rayome, A. 2019. “Apple’s Tim Cook Files Supreme Court Brief to Support DACA.” CNET. www.cnet.com/news/apples-tim-cook-files-supreme-court-brief-to-support-daca/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Rogan, J. 2013. “Exclusive: McChrystal Was Shocked by Controversy Over Rolling Stone Article.” Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/01/04/exclusive-mcchrystal-was-shocked-by-controversy-over-rolling-stone-article/.

Rogers, C. 2019. “How Artificial Intelligence And Big Data Will Affect The Future Of PR.” Accessed at https://instituteforpr.org/how-artificial-intelligence-andbig-data-will-affect-the-future-of-pr/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Rosen, G., K. Harbath, N. Gleicher, and R. Leathern. 2019. “Helping to Protect the 2020 U.S. Elections.” Meta. https://about.fb.com/news/2019/10/update-on-election-integrity-efforts/?utm_source=axios&utm_medium=am&utm_campaign=11_25%EF%BB%BF&axios_adlink=1&stream=top (accessed on October 08, 2021).

San Diego State University. n.d. “PAO Program.” https://jms.sdsu.edu/academics/pao_program (accessed on August 15, 2021).

Schudson, M. 2019. “The Fall, Rise, and Fall of Media Trust.” Columbia Journalism Review, Winter. www.cjr.org/special_report/the-fall-rise-and-fall-of-media-trust.php (accessed October 08, 2021).

Seifert, K. 2020. “What really happened during Deflategate? Five years later, the NFL’s ‘scandal’ aged poorly.” ESPN. www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/28502507/what-really-happened-deflategate-five-years-later-nfl-scandal-aged-poorly (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Shane, L. 2019. “Survey: Public Confidence in the Military Is High, Especially Among Older Generations.” Military Times. www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2019/07/22/survey-public-confidence-in-the-military-is-high-especially-among-older-generations/ (accessed October 08, 2021).

Shearer, E. and K.E. Matsa. 2018. “News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2018.” Pew Research Center. www.journalism.org/2018/09/10/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2018/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Simonite, T. 2020. “The Professors Who Call ‘Bullshit’ on Covid-19 Misinformation.” Wired. www.wired.com/story/professors-call-bullshit-COVID-19-misinformation/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Sinek, S. 2015. Facebook. www.facebook.com/simonsinek/posts/great-leaders-have-a-vision-of-the-future-that-does-not-yet-exist-and-an-ability/10153082778351499/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Spector, J. 2020. “Behind the scenes: The Capitol chaos when Eliot Spitzer resigned 10 years ago.” Democrat and Chronicle. www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/politics/albany/2018/03/08/behind-scenes-capitol-chaos-when-eliot-spitzer-resigned-10-years-ago/404266002/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Stacks, D. and D. Michaelson. 2010. A Practitioner’s Guide to Public Relations Research, Measurement and Evaluation. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.

Stacks, D.W. n.d. Primer of Public Relations Research, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Guilford.

Standsberry, K., J. Anderson, and L. Raine. “Experts Optimistic About the Next 50 Years of Digital Life.” Pew Research Center. www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/10/28/experts-optimistic-about-the-next-50-years-of-digital-life/?utm_campaign=2019-11-06+Rundown&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Pew (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Stephen P., Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.), former Navy Chief of Information, telephone interview with lead author, May 19, 2022.

Stephens, L. 1978. “The Professional Orientation of Military Public Affairs Officers.” Public Relations Quarterly Vol. 23, Issue 4, p. 19, Winter.

Strandberg, J.M. and O. Vigsø. 2016. “Internal Crisis Communication.” Corporate Communications: An International Journal 21, no. 1, pp. 89–102.

Tapper, J. 2016. “Book for First Time Details Emails, Allegations in Petraeus Scandal.” CNN. www.cnn.com/2016/03/28/politics/jill-kelley-david-petraeus-john-allen/index.html (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Tech Republic Staff. 2020. “ Facebook Data Privacy Scandal: A Cheat Sheet.” Tech Republic. www.techrepublic.com/article/facebook-data-privacy-scandal-a-cheat-sheet/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

The Media Insight Project. 2016. “A New Understanding: What Makes People Trust and Rely on News.” American Press Institute. www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/trust-news/single-page/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

The Media Insight Project. 2018. “What the Public Expects From the Press (and What Journalists Think).” American Press Institute. www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/public-expects-from-press/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. n.d. “America’s War Coverage.” www.rcfp.org/journals/the-news-media-and-the-law-fall-2001/americas-war-coverage/ (accessed on November 09, 2021).

The Young Turks, Inc. n.d. “TYT—The Home of Progessives.” Apple app. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/tyt-home-of-progressives/id1319576607 (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Thunberg, G. 2019. No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference. London: Penguin.

Today’s Military. n.d.a. “Public Affairs Officers.” www.todaysmilitary.com/careers-benefits/careers/public-affairs-officers (accessed on June 15, 2021).

Today’s Military. n.d.b. www.todaysmilitary.com/careers-benefits/careers/public-affairs-officers (accessed on June 15, 2021).

U.S. Army. n.d. “Army Public Affairs: Telling the Army Story.” www.army.mil/publicaffairs/ (accessed on June 15, 2021).

U.S. Coast Guard [USCG]. 2021. External Affairs Manual. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Coast Guard. https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/06/2002756460/-1/-1/1/CIM_5700_13A%20EA%20MANUAL%202021.PDF.

U.S. Marine Corps. n.d. “Entertainment Media Liaison Office.” www.hqmc.marines.mil/ousmcc/Units/emlo/ (accessed on November 29, 2021).

Ungarino, R. 2019. “Kylie Jenner’s Tweet That Whacked Snap’s Stock Was One Year Ago—and Shares Have Never Really Recovered.” Business Insider. https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/snap-stock-price-kyliejenner-snapchat-tweet-year-ago-2019-2-1027973126 (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Universal Accreditation Board. 2017. “Study Guide for the Examination for Accreditation in Public Relations + Military Communication.” https://accreditation.prsa.org/MyAPR/Content/Apply/APR-M/APR-M.aspx (accessed on October 21, 2021).

Venable, B. January–February 2002. “The Army and the Media.” Military Review, p. 67.

Waddington, S. 2018. “PESO Explained for Marketing and Public Relations.” https://wadds.co.uk/blog/peso-for-marketing-and-pr (accessed on February 16, 2022).

Wall Street Journal Editorial Board. 2022. “Hilary Clinton Did It.” Wall Street Journal. www.wsj.com/articles/hillary-clinton-did-it-robby-mook-michael-sussmann-donald-trump-russia-collusion-alfa-bank-11653084709?mod=Searchresults_pos4&page=1 (accessed on May 23, 2022).

Wallace, C. 2016. “Obama Did Not Block the Pledge.” Factcheck.org. www.factcheck.org/2016/09/obama-did-not-ban-the-pledge/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Washington Headquarters Service. n.d. DoD Directives (updated February 15, 2022). Washington, D.C.: Executive Services Directorate. www.esd.whs.mil/Directives/issuances/dodd/.

Weiner, M. and S. Kochhar. 2016. “Irreversible: The Public Relations Big Data Revolution.” Institute for Public Relations Measurement Commission. https://instituteforpr.org/irreversible-public-relations-big-data-revolution/ (accessed on February 16, 2022).

West, J. and C. Bergstrom. 2017. “ ‘Calling Bullshit’ Makes an Impact at Schools Across the Country.” University of Washington Information School. https://ischool.uw.edu/news/2017/10/calling-bullshit-makes-impact-schools-across-country (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Westerheide, F. 2020. “China—The First Artificial Intelligence Superpower.” Forbes. www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2020/01/14/china-artificial-intelligence-superpower/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

“What is Public Affairs.” n.d. Quorum. www.quorum.us/public-affairs-dictionary/public-affairs-definition/ (accessed on June 19, 2021).

White, J. and D.M. Dozier. 1992. “Public Relations and Management Decision Making.” In J.E. Grunig (ed.), Excellence in public relations and communications management. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Assoc.

Wikipedia. n.d.a. “Public Affairs, Military.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_affairs_(military) (accessed on June 15, 2021).

Wikipedia. n.d.b. “COVID-19 pandemic.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic.

Wikipedia. n.d.c. “The Young Turks.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Turks (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Wikipedia. n.d.d. “Richard Stengel.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stengel (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Wikipedia. n.d.e. “Media Literacy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_literacy (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Wiseman, J. 2015. “Rush to Pass ‘Fake News’ Laws During Covid-19 Intensifying Global Media Freedom Challenges.” International Press institute. https://ipi.media/rush-to-pass-fake-news-laws-during-COVID-19-intensifying-global-media-freedom-challenges/ (accessed on October 08, 2021).

Wooden, J. and J. Carter. 2014. Coach Wooden’s Pyramid of Success Playbook. Grand Rapids, MI: Revell.

Wright, R. 2004. Assessment of the DoD Embedded Media Program, p. S-1. Alexandria, Virginia: Institute For Defense Analyses.

Yaffa, J. 2020. “Is Russian Meddling as Dangerous as We Think?” The New Yorker. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/09/14/is-russian-meddling-as-dangerous-as-we-think (accessed on October 08, 2021).

..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset