TCP/IP

Network Access Layer

Handles physical network topology and media

Protocols: Ethernet, Token Ring, SLIP, PPP, Frame Relay, etc.

Handles routing and communication between networks

IP (Internet Protocol): Combines data into packets; handles IP addressing

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Network management, diagnostics, and messaging

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Converts IP to MAC addresses

RARP (Reverse ARP): Converts MAC addresses to IP addresses

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Assigns IP addresses and other configuration.

Provides a layer of abstraction in communication between hosts

Provides applications with a consistent interface

TCP: Connection-oriented, reliable, full-duplex

UDP: Connectionless, unreliable, slightly faster transmissions

Supports applications and high-level services

Protocols: Telnet, FTP, TFTP, HTTP, NFS, DNS, SMTP, POP, IMAP, NNTP, SNMP, etc.

Class	Network /Host Bytes	Number of Networks	Number of Hosts per Network
A	1/3	126	16,777,214
B	2/2	16,382	65,534
C	3/1	2,097,150	254

Subdivides a network by using bits from host address

Number of subnets available: 2^(number of bits) -2

Blocks access to unauthorized ports or protocols

Enabled by default

Can filter TCP ports, UDP ports, or protocols

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