Chapter 4. Gallery of Process Charts

Process charts allow you to illustrate a step-by-step process. All the built-in process charts are designed for a process in which every step is sequential. They are not flow charts; you can’t have conditional steps or branching logic in process charts.

A popular element in process charts is a shape called a chevron. It seems to me that Microsoft uses a fairly liberal definition of a chevron, which the dictionary defines as a distinguishing mark, above the elbow, on the sleeve of a noncommissioned officer’s coat.

You can agree that the red and blue stripes in A1:C10 of Figure 4.1 look like the marks on an officer’s uniform. If you color the two stripes in blue and red, the image appears as the logo for a popular West Coast gasoline brand appropriately named Chevron.

Figure 4.1 The elongated chevron in rows 22:27 is popular in process charts.

In the world of Microsoft, the chevron is turned on its side, as shown in rows 12:20, and then stretched, as shown in rows 22:27. I’m not sure that this stretched shape looks anything like the stripes on a uniform, but it has the unique property that it has space for text and also connotes a direction. Thus, this type of shape is used in 3 of the 22 process chart layouts.

Most of the remaining process chart types use arrows—either arrows between shapes or an arrow as the shape to indicate a flow from one shape to the next.

There are nine horizontal process charts, three vertical process charts, four bending process charts, three list process charts, and three chevron process charts.

Unlike the List category, very few of the built-in process charts include image placeholders. Only Picture Accent Process includes the placeholders.

Chevron Charts

Three charts are made out of chevron shapes. These shapes lend themselves well to process charts because the shape inherently implies a direction.

The horizontal chevron charts are best for only Level 1 text. The vertical chevron style allows for long sentences of Level 2 text.

Basic Chevron Process

The Basic Chevron Process layout begins with three horizontal chevrons, pointing left to right. Each chevron is suitable for a few words of Level 1 text.

Unlike other process charts, the chevron charts do not include connectors, because the shapes themselves indicate a flow or direction.

Figure 4.2 shows a Basic Chevron Process chart with short words for Level 1 text. This is the ideal use for the Basic Chevron Process charts.

Figure 4.2 Short words fit well in the Basic Chevron Process layout. Theme: Concourse, Style: Polished, Color: Colorful – Accent Colors.

When you attempt to add Level 2 text to the Basic Chevron Process layout, the bullet points are placed below the chevron shapes. This layout works reasonably well for short bullet points, as shown in Figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3 Level 2 bullet points appear below the shapes in the Basic Chevron Process layout. Theme: Concourse, Style: Powder, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 3.

If you need to have longer sentences in the Basic Chevron Process style, plan on using a larger portion of the spreadsheet. Figure 4.4 shows fairly long bullet points in Level 2 text. The Metallic Scene shifts the perspective of the graphic to make the rightmost shape look the most prominent.

Figure 4.4 If you stretch the graphic, it can accommodate more Level 2 bullet points in the Basic Chevron Process layout. Theme: Paper, Style: Metallic Scene, Color: Colorful – Accent Colors.

Closed Chevron Process

The style named Closed Chevron Process is not actually made up of chevrons! Each shape is a pentagon or home plate shape. The point of shape 1 overlays the beginning of shape 2, giving the illusion that this SmartArt graphic mixes a different shape 1 than all the other shapes.

The net effect is that the diagram resembles a long pentagon, made up of distinct shapes, with each shape pointing to the right.

The SmartArt layout is particularly well suited to diagrams with only Level 1 text, as shown in Figure 4.5. The diagram in the image uses Flat Scene, which gives the appearance that each shape is leaning back.

Figure 4.5 The shapes in Closed Chevron Process are ideally suited to only Level 1 text. Theme: Flow, Style: Flat Scene, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 4 to 5.

Level 2 bullet points are added inside the individual shapes. Thus, you must resize the graphic to be fairly large to accommodate sentences of Level 2 text. In Figure 4.6, the three-shape diagram covers 20 rows and 17 columns of an Excel worksheet.

Figure 4.6 Microsoft inserts Level 2 text into each shape, requiring the graphic to become unusually large to fit longer bullet points. Theme: Median, Style: Powder, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3.

Vertical Chevron List

Like most vertical styles, Vertical Chevron List is designed to hold long sentences of Level 2 text.

The chevron shapes proceed in a vertical manner down the left side of the graphic. A large text box is attached to each shape to hold Level 2 text.

If you attempted to use this style without any Level 2 text, the style would look horrible.

Figure 4.7 shows a Vertical Chevron List layout with longer sentences of Level 2 text.

Figure 4.7 Vertical Chevron 2 requires long sentences of Level 2 text to look acceptable. Theme: Origin, Style: Powder, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3.

Using List Process Layouts

The List Process layouts are ideal for showing multiple tasks for each step in a process. Enter the main steps as Level 1 text and then use the Level 2 text to show the substeps in each task.

In Process List and Grouped List, the Level 1 tasks are drawn in a horizontal fashion with the Level 2 tasks cascading below. Chevron List turns this sideways, with the Level 1 tasks arranged down the page and Level 2 tasks arranged as chevrons pointing to the right.

Process List

In the Process List layout, each Level 1 text item is shown in a rounded rectangle at the top of a column. The Level 2 bullet points cascade below the top rectangle in rounded rectangles of a different color. Arrows point between each step in the column, but no arrows connect from the final step in column 1 to the first step in column 2.

This layout is ideally suited to using one of the Accent color schemes. The Level 1 boxes are shown in a darker version of the color, with the Level 2 boxes shown in a lighter version of the color. Figure 4.8 shows a Process List layout with a color scheme of Colored Fill – Accent 3.

Figure 4.8 Process List can show multiple substeps for each Level 1 step. Theme: Solstice, Style: White Outline, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 3.

The Colorful Accent styles do not work particularly well with the Process List style. As shown in Figure 4.9, colors end up repeating, leading you to believe that perhaps steps 1B, 2C, and 4A are somehow related.

Figure 4.9 The box at the top of each column is a Level 1 shape. Theme: Solstice, Style: White Outline, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 3.

Grouped List

In Grouped List style, each Level 1 item is represented by a tall rounded rectangle with the Level 1 text near the top of the rectangle. Level 2 bullet points are represented by rounded rectangle buttons within the larger rectangles.

Grouped List exhibits an oddity that makes it less than perfect for unbalanced lists. In Figure 4.10, each Level 1 item has exactly three Level 2 bullet points, and the graphic looks good.

Figure 4.10 Grouped List looks okay when you have an identical number of Level 2 bullets for each Level 1. Theme: Technic, Style: Inset, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 3.

In Figure 4.11, the Level 1 bullet points have differing numbers of Level 2 items. In this case, Office resizes the Level 2 buttons. Just because only one Level 2 task appears in a step does not mean that item 2A should be four times bigger than item 3A. Avoid Grouped List unless you have an exactly balanced number of Level 2 items or you want to convey this meaning through your graphic.

Figure 4.11 When you have different numbers of Level 2 items, the SmartArt engine annoyingly adjusts the sizes. Theme: Technic, Style: Brick Scene, Color: Transparent Gradient Range – Accent 4.

Personally, I think that a few of the 3-D styles rarely look good. Figure 4.11 does show off an interesting look from Brick Scene. Each Level 2 text box appears to be cemented to the Level 1 wall.

Chevron List

The Chevron List layout is a quick way to create an array of Basic Chevron Process charts. Each Level 1 item is arranged down the first column. Level 2 items extend to the right in a series of chevron shapes.

This style works fine for unbalanced steps; items with longer lists of Level 2 text are allowed to extend farther to the right than items with shorter lists of Level 2 text.

In Figure 4.12, the combination of Trek Theme and Sunset Scene gives the chevrons a metallic look.

Figure 4.12 Chevron List is best when you have both Level 1 and Level 2 items. Theme: Trek, Style: Sunset Scene, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 5 to 6.

Horizontal Process Styles

Microsoft provides nine built-in styles that are Horizontal Process charts. These layouts are basically horizontal arrangements of blocks with arrows in between: Basic Process, Accent Process, Alternating Flow, Detailed Process, and Picture Accent Process.

Alternating Flow uses curved arrows. Picture Accent Process uses images behind the blocks.

With Continuous Arrow Process, Microsoft incorporates a single shape—an arrow—for the entire diagram. Process Arrows offers a mix of circles and arrows, and Continuous Block Process offers the arrangement of blocks with a single large arrow behind the blocks.

Basic Process

The Basic Process layout is well suited for processes with only Level 1 text. Each Level 1 point is presented in a rounded rectangle. Arrows point from one block to the next.

Each theme offers five variations of each of six accent colors. Below the colorful process chart in Figure 4.13, the same chart is repeated, showing the five variations of one accent color. In the first variation, the blocks are white with a dotted color outline. In the Colored Fill – Accent 1 variation, the blocks are all the same color.

Figure 4.13 Basic Process is well suited to simple Level 1 text. Theme: Trek, Style: Simple Fill, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3. The additional five variations are Colored Outline – Accent 1, Colored Fill – Accent 1, Gradient Range – Accent 1, Gradient Loop – Accent 1, and Transparent Gradient Range – Accent 1.

With the Gradient Range – Accent 1 variation, the blocks begin to fade. To me, this seems to imply that the company is likely to go broke before the process is finished.

Similarly, in Transparent Gradient Range – Accent 1, the blocks begin to get transparent. Perhaps the author of this chart hopes that he will find a new job and disappear by the end of the project.

Gradient Loop – Accent 1 cycles through dark to light to dark shapes.

When you add Level 2 bullets to Basic Process, the bullets are added inside each shape. This can work, but you need to significantly enlarge the diagram to see the text. Figure 4.14 shows Basic Process with Level 1 and Level 2 text.

Figure 4.14 Basic Process can handle Level 1 and Level 2 text if you enlarge the figure. Theme: Paper, Style: Moderate Effect, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 5 to 6.

Accent Process

The Accent Process layout includes a darker block for each Level 1 item and then a lighter block for the list of Level 2 bullet points. This style would look bad with only Level 1 text. It should be used only when you have Level 2 text.

With the Level 2 block actually shown in front of the Level 1 block, the focus here should be on processes in which the Level 2 bullets are more important than the Level 1 titles (see Figure 4.15).

Figure 4.15 Accent Process requires both Level 1 and Level 2 text. Theme: Flow, Style: Subtle Effect, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3.

The Level 2 shapes exhibit a cool behavior as you add text. The Level 2 rounded rectangles begin to stretch vertically to allow additional Level 2 bullet points.

Figure 4.16 shows Accent Process with a longer list of Level 2 text. The Level 2 shapes expand vertically to accommodate the text. Note that the Colored Outline – Accent 5 color style, which would normally cause the blocks to be white, actually reverses the color scheme: The Level 1 blocks are white, and the normally white Level 2 blocks now pick up the accent color.

Figure 4.16 With longer lists of Level 2 text, the front shape expands vertically. Theme: Metro, Style: Flat Scene, Color: Accent 5 – 1.

Continuous Arrow Process: The Big Arrow

The Continuous Arrow Process SmartArt layout appears to be composed of a single big arrow with Level 1 text appearing along the length of the arrow. Level 2 text appears below the arrow, lined up under the Level 1 headings.

The top diagram in Figure 4.17 uses both Level 1 and Level 2 text. The arrow was further customized by selecting Shape Style 33 from the SmartArt Tools Format tab.

Figure 4.17 Continuous Arrow Process places all the Level 1 text on a single large arrow. Theme: Metro, Style: Simple Fill (top) and Bird’s Eye Scene (bottom), Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 3 to 4 (top), Colored Fill – Accent 1 (bottom). The top image includes Shape Style 33 from the Format tab.

In the lower diagram, short Level 1 entries allow for the diagram to use the slightly bizarre Bird’s Eye Scene. This built-in style makes all but the most simplistic diagrams impossible to read. In this single-shape diagram, it works fairly well.

Alternating Flow: The Dipsy-Doo

Alternating Flow is the curviest layout you will find in SmartArt graphics. The Level 1 boxes alternate from the bottom to the top of each shape. Curved arrows direct the reader’s eye from one shape to the next.

It seems that the architecture of this style overpowers the message in the style. People will be more drawn to the wave-like flow of the shape than the actual words in the shape. Hence, you could use this style for communicating bad news that you hope no one will read.

Because each shape includes both a Level 1 and Level 2 box, this style does not work well when you have only Level 1 text.

The Level 2 boxes do not stretch or grow as additional text is added. Use of this style with too much Level 2 text is not satisfactory.

Figure 4.18 shows a diagram using Alternating Flow.

Figure 4.18 Alternating Flow places more emphasis on style than substance. Theme: Median, Style: Polished, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 4 to 5.

Process Arrows

The Process Arrows layout adds visual interest with a combination of circles and arrows. The circles hold Level 1 text, and a large arrow holds Level 2 bullet points.

This style almost always should have some Level 2 text. If Level 2 is blank, the size of the Level 2 arrows in relation to the Level 1 circles makes the diagram look odd when there is no Level 2 text.

The height of the arrows is fairly constrained, so your Level 2 text should be relatively short.

Figure 4.19 shows a Process Arrows diagram with short Level 2 bullet points.

Figure 4.19 Process Arrows adds interest with a mix of circles and arrows. Theme: Foundry, Style: Flat Scene, Color: Transparent Gradient Range – Accent 1.

Detailed Process

The focus in Detailed Process is on longer lists of Level 2 text. The Level 1 text nearly disappears as a vertical-text accent in the upper-left corner of each shape.

In Figure 4.20, the Level 1 text is accented using WordArt. Follow these steps to apply WordArt to all the Level 1 text:

1. Click inside the diagram to select it.
2. Click on the first shape.
3. Ctrl+click on each additional shape.
4. From the SmartArt Tools Format tab, select the WordArt Styles drop-down.
5. In the top section of the drop-down is a section named Applies to Selected Text in the Shape. Choose Fill – White, Drop Shadow from this section. Strangely, this WordArt effect applies only to the Level 1 text. However, this option provides the needed effect because the Level 1 text is then accented and becomes more visible in the shape.

Figure 4.20 The Level 1 text gets lost in Detailed Process. WordArt Style 33 is used here to make it stand out. Theme: Verve, Style: Intense Effect, Color: Colorful – Accent Colors.

Continuous Block Process

The Continuous Block Process layout uses rounded rectangles for each Level 1 entry, superimposed on a single unifying arrow.

The last Level 1 block appears over the point of the arrow, which makes the arrow look a bit less like an arrow. In Figure 4.21, the Powder style gives a bit of a transparent look to the rounded rectangles, allowing more of the underlying arrow to show through.

Figure 4.21 Continuous Block Process works for either Level 1 or Level 1 and Level 2 text. Theme: Urban, Style: Powder (top) Sunset Scene (bottom), Color: Colorful – Accent Colors (top), Colored Fill – Accent 3 (bottom).

This style works equally well with Level 1 and Level 2 text or just Level 1 text. When you have a simple diagram with only Level 1 text, you can use some of the fancier 3-D effects, such as Sunset Scene, shown at the bottom of Figure 4.21.

Note

Note that the reflection itself appears outside the bounding box for the SmartArt graphic.

---

The lower diagram in this figure has a reflection applied to the arrow. To add a reflection, follow these steps:

1. Click on the SmartArt graphic to place it in Edit mode.
2. Click on the arrow where it sticks out far from the rectangles.
3. From the SmartArt Tools Format tab, choose Shape Effects, Reflection, Full Reflection, 1 Point offset.
4. Click outside the SmartArt graphic to observe the reflection.

Picture Accent Process

The Picture Accent Process style is the only Process Chart style with images shown in the diagram. Level 1 and Level 2 text is shown in a rounded rectangle in the foreground, with an image displayed in the background.

The lower portion of the image is obscured by the rectangles for text. The focus is on the text boxes; the images are merely there for decoration.

Figure 4.22 shows a Picture Accent Process diagram with both Level 1 and Level 2 text, although the diagram works equally well with only Level 1 text.

Figure 4.22 Picture Accent Process is the only process chart to feature an image in the diagram. Theme: Origin, Style: Cartoon, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 1.

Basic Timeline

In the Office 2007 beta, layouts were numbered with sequential numbers. It was obvious with this naming scheme that some layouts were not included with the product. For example, there were layouts for Horizontal Process 3, Horizontal Process 4, and then Horizontal Process 6. Evidently, Horizontal Process 5 did not make the cut. You have to wonder how bad that layout must have been if Basic Timeline was allowed to make it into the product. In my opinion, this is the worst built-in layout.

This style features a single arrow. One circle appears on the length of the arrow for each entry of Level 1 text. The Level 1 entries alternate appearing above and below the arrow. If you attempt to include it, Level 2 text is presented under the Level 1 text. Figure 4.23 shows Basic Timeline, both without and with Level 2 text.

Figure 4.23 Basic Timeline is disappointing. It is not obvious that the dots on the arrow correspond to the words outside the arrow. Theme: Trek, Style: Polished, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 1 (top), Gradient Loop – Accent 1 (bottom).

Bending Process Charts

When you need to fit many steps into a small area, you might try one of the Bending Process Charts. A Bending Process Chart arranges the shapes snaking in rows and columns, usually with arrows to guide the reader from one block to the next.

Office 2007 offers four built-in styles of Bending Process charts. Some styles place shapes left to right along row 1 and then proceed right to left back across row 2. Other styles place shapes top to bottom down column 1 and then snake back up column 2. If you prefer all your processes to appear left to right, use Repeating Bending Process, which presents all shapes in rows that read left to right. A long arrow guides the reader from the end of one row to the beginning of the next row.

Basic Bending Process

The Basic Bending Process style includes one rounded rectangle per Level 1 text entry. Fairly prominent, thick arrows connect each box. The rectangles snake across odd-numbered rows left to right and then move right to left back across the diagram in even-numbered rows.

For diagrams with 5 to 9 shapes, the shapes are arranged in a matrix of three rows by three columns. For diagrams with 10 to 16 shapes, the shapes are arranged in a matrix of four rows by four columns. If you change the aspect ratio of the diagram, you can change the default arrangement of shapes.

This style is ideal for only Level 1 text, but the shapes can accommodate a few short bullet points of Level 2 text.

Figure 4.24 shows a Basic Bending Process chart with five blocks of Level 1 text.

Figure 4.24 Basic Bending Process snakes across the rows of the chart. Theme: Equity, Style: White Outline, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 1.

Circular Bending Process

In Circular Bending Process, each Level 1 entry is represented by a circle in the diagram. The first and last Level 1 items are represented by extremely large circles, while the intervening steps are represented by small circles. This gives a bizarre appearance when the diagram contains three or four steps, as shown in Figure 4.25.

Figure 4.25 Circular Bending Process can fit a lot of short Level 1 items in a small space. The larger initial and ending circles look unusual for shorter processes. Theme: Apex, Style: Cartoon (left), Simple Fill (right), Color: Colored Fill – Accent 3 (left), Gradient Loop – Accent 6 (right).

The Level 1 circles proceed down the first column, then up the second column, down the third column, and so on. Diagrams with 5 to 9 shapes are arranged in a three-row-by-three-column matrix. Diagrams with 10 to 16 shapes are arranged in a four-row-by-four-column matrix. If you resize the shape to change the aspect ratio, the arrangement of shapes may change.

Figure 4.25 shows a pair of diagrams. The diagram on the left contains four shapes. With this few shapes, it would be better to use a horizontal process, because the odd nature of the arrangement, combined with the larger initial and ending shapes, is unusual.

In the right diagram, nine steps snake through three columns of the diagram. In this case, it seems less unusual to have larger initial and ending circles. The individual shapes are small; they work best with minimal text.

Repeating Bending Process

One advantage of Repeating Bending Process diagrams is that they always progress from left to right. The shapes go across the first row. From the end of the first row, an arrow directs the reader back to the first shape on the next row.

Like the other Bending Process diagrams, a three-column-by-three-row arrangement is used for five to nine shapes. A two-column-by-two-row arrangement is used for two to four shapes.

In Figure 4.26, the lower image shows Level 1 and Level 2 text in an arrangement of eight shapes. You can barely see the arrows between the shapes.

Figure 4.26 Repeating Bending Process diagrams always read from left to right. Theme: Aspect, Style: Inset (top), Simple Fill (bottom), Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 3 to 4 (top), Colored Fill – Accent 3 (bottom).

Vertical Bending Process

Vertical Bending Process follows the same down-and-up snaking path as Circular Bending Process, but it uses rounded rectangles instead of the odd-shaped circles of Circular Bending Process. Instead of arrows between shapes, a solid line appears to join the shapes.

This diagram is good for shapes with a balanced length of text. If one item is longer than the others, it forces the font of all shapes to be reduced to fit the longest entry.

With the default aspect ratio, for diagrams with between 17 and 25 shapes, the diagram begins filling a five-row by up to five-column diagram. In Figure 4.27, the 19 shapes take up four columns. If you added more shapes, the entries for 21 through 25 would snake down the fifth column.

Figure 4.27 Vertical Bending Process is more suitable than Circular Bending Process and can hold a large number of short, balanced steps. Theme: Civic, Style: Subtle Effect, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 5 to 6.

At the bottom of Figure 4.27, a longer entry in box 10 causes the font in all other boxes to shrink to an unreadable size.

Vertical Processes

Typically, the vertical styles are great for items with long sentences of text. Unfortunately, Microsoft provides only three built-in vertical process styles, and only the Staggered Process is ideal for long sentences.

Vertical Process is built of a vertical column of narrow boxes. Segmented Process can handle a long sentence of Level 2 text, but a design decision ruins the effect when you have more than one bullet point of Level 2 text per shape.

Vertical Process

The Vertical Process style is composed of narrow, rounded rectangles arranged in a column. Thick arrows lead from rectangle to rectangle.

The rectangles do not expand for larger text, so this style is best with short Level 1 entries.

In Figure 4.28, the diagram with eight blocks takes up nearly an entire 11-inch piece of paper. This style does not fit the mostly landscape world of PowerPoint. It seems to be well suited to Word.

Figure 4.28 The Vertical Process diagram tends to create a long, narrow diagram. Theme: Concourse, Style: Moderate Effect, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 5 to 6.

To have the text of the Word document wrap around the SmartArt graphic, follow these steps:

1. Click inside the SmartArt graphic to select it.
2. Right-click on the border of the SmartArt graphic.
3. From the context menu, select Text Wrapping, Square.
4. Type the text in the document. If this pushes the SmartArt graphic to a new page, click inside the SmartArt graphic to select it. Grab the border of the SmartArt graphic and drag it to the proper location on the page.

Segmented Process

In Segmented Process, you can have fairly long sentences going across the boxes. This style includes the Level 1 text in a usually dark section in the upper half of the rectangle. Level 2 bullet points are arranged going across the lower half of each rectangle, in an accent color.

In Figure 4.29, the diagram works because there is exactly one Level 2 item for each Level 1 item.

Figure 4.29 The Segmented Process diagram, when used with single lines of Level 2 text, can accommodate a process with long sentences. Theme: Paper, Style: Intense Effect, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 5.

A strange design decision is revealed in Figure 4.30. If you have multiple Level 2 bullet points, they each take up a horizontal section of the rectangle. This results in less room for longer sentences.

Figure 4.30 When you have multiple bullet points of Level 2 text, they are split to share the same row at the bottom of each rectangle. For unbalanced shapes, this is less than ideal. Theme: Module, Style: Moderate Effect, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 1.

Staggered Process

The Staggered Process layout progresses both down the page and also slightly from left to right. This layout provides an interesting visual effect, as shown in Figure 4.31. Each Level 1 entry receives a horizontal rectangle. Any Level 2 text is added to the Level 1 rectangle.

Figure 4.31 The Staggered Process layout shows a progression both down and across the page. Theme: Custom, Style: Flat Scene, Color: Colorful Range – Accent Colors 2 to 3.

Note

This layout is limited to five boxes for Level 1 text.

---

If you add more sentences of Level 2 text, the shapes in Staggered Process do not grow in height. The font of the text shrinks as necessary to fit the longest entry. Figure 4.32 illustrates a Staggered Process layout with longer Level 2 text.

Figure 4.32 The Staggered Process layout shows a progression both down and across the page. Theme: Trek, Style: Cartoon, Color: Colored Fill – Accent 1.

Next Steps

Cycle and radial charts are discussed in Chapter 5, “Gallery of Cycle and Radial Charts.” Cycle charts are ideal for processes that repeat, such as a continuous-improvement process. Radial charts describe an organization where all departments report to a central hub.