1. U.S. Constitution, article VI.
2. U.S. Constitution, article II, sec. 1.
3. U.S. Constitution, article I, sec. 3.
4. U.S. Constitution, article I, sec. 2.
5. U.S. Constitution, article I, sec. 8, cl. 3.
6. U.S. Constitution, article I, sec. 8, cl. 18.
7. An entire generation of Americans learned about the lawmaking process from Schoolhouse Rock!, which was a series of animated educational videos about basic topics. You can watch the “I’m Just a Bill” video on YouTube at: https://youtu.be/FFroMQlKiag.
8. U.S. Code Vol. 28, sec. 1332.
9. U.S. Constitution, amendment X.
10. U.S. Constitution, article VI, sec. 2.
11. Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co., 285 U.S. 393, 406 (1932) (Justice Louis Brandeis dissenting).
12. Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S. 808, 809 (1991) (internal citations and punctuation omitted).
13. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954).
14. Federal Trade Commission Act (1914), U.S. Code Vol. 15, sec. 57a (2006).
15. Identity Theft Red Flags Rule, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, sec. 681.2.