INDEX
SYMBOLS & NUMBERS
+ (addition operator), 48–49
+= (addition shorthand), 62
* (asterisk), importing all functions with, 241
/ (division operator), 58
/= (division shorthand), 62
"" (double quotation marks), for strings, 66
= (equal sign), assigning values to variables with, 28
== (equal to), 84
** (exponential operator), 60–61, 91–92
> (greater than), 88
>= (greater than or equal to), 89–90
# (hash mark), for comments, 35
< (less than), 88–89
<= (less than or equal to), 89–90
* (multiplication operator), 58
*= (multiplication shorthand), 62
!= (not equal to), 86–87
'' (single quotation marks), for strings, 66
[] (square brackets), for defining lists, 168
- (subtraction operator), 48
-= (subtraction shorthand), 62
""" (triple quotation marks), for docstrings, 152–153
3D lists, 218–225
A
a (append permission), 233
addition operator (+), 48–49
shorthand (+=), 62
aliases, for modules, 241
and operator, 93
API (application programming interface), Minecraft Python
installing on Mac, 15
installing on Windows, 6
append permission (a), 233
append() function, 171–172
application programming interface. See API
line breaks in, 153
math operators in, 54–55
arrays. See lists
asterisk (*), importing all functions with, 241
attributes, 257. See also variables
accessing, 259–260
class, 271–273
B
block hits program, 180–182, 196–198
blocks
changing, 52–53, 138–139, 196–198
finding highest, 90
identifying, 85
IDs
cheat sheet, 283
finding by, 97–98, 186–187, 207–208
reminder program, 155–156
moving, 163–165
by user input, 74–75
replacing, 173–174
stacking, 49–50
state, 158–159
wool, setting color by name, 158–159
Boolean operators. See logical operators
Boolean values, 82–83
building quickly, 55–57
C
chat
persistent, 139–140
usernames, 72–73
cheat sheet, block IDs, 283
choice() function, 182
class attributes, 271–273. See also attributes, global variables
close() function, 233–234, 247–248
color of wool blocks, setting by name, 158–159
comparators, 83–91, 104–105, 131–132
conditions, 81, 104–105, 131–132
connecting to Minecraft, 34
constructor, 259
coordinates, 31–32
copying structures, 225–229, 242–246, 248–252
crater program, 105–106
curse program, 128–129
D
dance floor, generating, 135–137
data. See also files
storing with variables, 28
types, 31
debugging, 42–44
decimal values, 37–38
decrementing values, 128
def keyword, 146
del keyword, 172–173
delays, setting in programs, 39–40
dictionaries. See also shelve module
defining, 188–189
items
accessing, 189
adding, 191–192
changing, 191–192
deleting, 192
looping over, 205
readability, 205
diving contest program, 132–134
division operator (/), 58
shorthand (/=), 62
docstrings, 152–153
double quotation marks (""), for strings, 66
dump() function, 239–240
E
elif statements, 109–110, 112–113
else statements, 107, 141, 206–207
else-if statements. See elif statements
equal to (==), 84
equal sign (=), assigning values to variables with, 28
errors
debugging, 42–44
handling, 76–78
index, 168–169
scope, 162
syntax, 30
exception handling, 76–78
exponential operator (**), 60–61, 91–92
expressions, 47–48
F
False (Boolean value), 82
files, 231–235
reading, 234–235
shelve module, using with, 247–248
writing to, 233–234
Flask module, 253–255. See also modules, pip
floats, 37–38
converting to strings, 71–72
flower trail, creating, 130–131
forest, building, 148–150
for loops, 195–196
with dictionaries, 205
generating 2D lists with, 216
with multidimensional lists, 208–213, 218–225
for-else loops, 206–207
functions, 145. See also methods
arguments, 147–148
calling, 146–147
defining, 146
returning values with, 153–155, 179, 266
G
getBlock() function, 85
getHeight() function, 90
getPos() function, 56
getTilePos() function, 51
ghost structures
castle, 266–268
hotel, 275–277
house, 263–265
tree, 280–281
village, 269–271
gifts program, 110–111
global variables, 162–163
greater than (>), 88
greater than or equal to (>=), 89–90
H
hardcoded values, 68
hash marks (#), for comments, 35
"Hello, Minecraft World", posting to chat, 67–68
hot and cold game, 141–143
I
IDLE, 20–24
if statements, 103–105
with Boolean operators, 119–120
in functions, 157–158
with lists, 185–186
with range checks, 117
importing modules, 39–40, 238–241
immutable
strings, 175
in operator, 185–186
increment, 127–128
index, of a list, 168–169, 213–214, 223–225
infinite loops, 127–128
__init__() method, 258–260, 278–280
input
numbers only, 77–78
placing blocks by, 74–75
input() function, 68–69
installation. See Mac, Raspberry Pi, Windows
int() function, 74
integers, 31
converting to a string, 71–72
iteration, 123–124
J
Java
installing on Mac, 14
installing on Windows, 4–5
joining strings, 71–72
K
keys, in dictionaries, 188–189
L
lava trap, setting, 52–53
len() function, 179
less than (<), 88–89
less than or equal to (<=), 89–90
copying, 183–185
creating, 168
generating with range(), 198–199, 200–201
index positions of, 168–169, 213–214, 223–225
items in
accessing, 168–169
adding, 171–172
changing, 169
deleting, 172–173
finding, 185–186
inserting, 172
length, 179
slicing, 184–185
three-dimensional, 218–225
list slice, 184–185
list() function, 200–201
load() function, 241
local variables, 162–163
logical operators, 92–100
and, 93
and if statements, 119–120
not, 96–97
or, 95
order of operations, 98–99
and while loops, 134–135
loops. See for loops, while loops
M
Mac, setup instructions, 11–18
magic wand program, 196–198
math module, 142
math operators, 48–58
addition (+), 48–49
exponential (**), 60–61, 91–92
division (/), 58
multiplication (*), 58
order of operations, 61
shorthand, 62
subtraction (-), 48
methods, 257, 261–263. See also classes, functions
adding to subclasses, 275
inheritance, 274
overriding, 278–280
returning values with, 266
Midas touch program, 138–139
Minecraft
API (application programming interface)
installing on Mac, 15–16
installing on Windows, 6–7
connecting programs to, 34
game
installing on Mac, 12–13
installing on Windows, 2–3
playing offline
on Mac, 18
on Windows, 9–10
server
installing on Mac, 15–16
installing on Windows, 6–7
worlds, creating new
on Mac, 17
on Windows, 8–9
modules, 238–241
installing with pip, 252–253
nicknames for, 241
pickle, 238–241
shelve, 247–248
time, 39–40
moving block program, 163–165
multiplication operator (*), 58
shorthand (*=), 62
N
nicknames, for modules, 241
night vision sword program, 186–187
not equal to (!=), 86–87
not operator, 96–97
O
object-oriented programming, 257–258
offline, playing Minecraft
on Mac, 18
on Windows, 9–10
operators. See logical operators, math operators
or operator, 95
order of operations
logical operators, 98–99
math operators, 61
OS X, setup instructions, 11–18
P
package manager, 252
parameters, of functions, 148
permissions, for files, 232–233, 239
pickle module, 238–241
pillars, building, 202–203
pip, installing modules with, 252–253
pixel art, 214–215
pollBlockHits() function, 180–182, 196–198
position, of player, 31–33. See also teleporting
changing, 34
in specific environments, 85–86, 87–88, 90–91, 93–96
in specific locations, 91–92, 100–101
highest and lowest, 169–171
postToChat() function, 67–68
print() function, 66–67
progress bar, 173–174
pyramid, building, 203–204
Python
installing on Mac, 13
installing on Windows, 3–4
Q
quotation marks
for docstrings, 152–153
for strings, 66
R
r (read permission), 233
r+ (read-and-write permission), 233
randint() function, 62–63
range() function, 198–199, 200–201
Raspberry Pi, setup instructions, 18–19
read-and-write permission (r+), 233
read permission (r), 233
read() function, 234
readline() function, 234–235
refactoring, 150–152
return keyword, 153–155, 179, 266
reversed() function, 201–202
running a program, 36
S
scope, of variables, 162–163
scoreboard, for block hits game, 192–194, 205–206
secret passage, building, 115–116
server
installing on Mac, 15
installing on Windows, 6
setBlock() function, 49, 158–159
setBlocks() function, 55–56
setPos() function, 38
setTilePos() function, 34–35
setting() function, 82–83
setup instructions
for Mac, 11–18
for Raspberry Pi, 18–19
for Windows, 2–11
shelve module, 247–248
shorthand operators, 62
shower program, 120–122
sightseeing guide, creating, 190–191
single quotation marks (''), for strings, 66
sleep() function, 39–40
slices, of lists, 184–185
sliding program, 177–178
smashing, preventing, 82–83, 108–109
Spigot
on Mac, 15–18
on Windows, 6–11
spires, creating, 58–60
sprint record, 78–80
sqrt() function, 142
square brackets ([]), for defining lists, 168
square root, calculating, 142
stairs, building, 199–200
state, of blocks, 158–159
strings, 66
accessing characters in, 175
concatenating, 71–72
converting to integers, 74
subtraction operator (-), 52
shorthand (-=), 62
super jump program, 63–64
superclasses, 273–275, 278–280
survival mode
on Mac, 18
on Windows, 10–11
sword
magic wand, 196–198
night vision, 186–187
syntax, 29–30
T
by location name, 190–191, 260–261
by point score, 113–114
precisely, 38–39
to random locations, 125–126
restrictions, 118–119
text. See files, strings
text editor, 21–23
three-dimensional lists, 218–225
throwing an exception, 76
time module, 39–40
to-do list, 235–237
triple quotation marks ("""), for docstrings, 152–153
True (Boolean value), 82
try-except statements, 76–78
two-dimensional lists, 208–213, 216
U
UnboundLocalError, 162
usernames, adding to chat, 72–73
V
values
in dictionaries, 188–189, 191–192
of variables, 28
assigning values to, 28
changing values of, 31
global, 162–163
local, 162–163
naming, 28–29
syntax, 29–30
W
w (write permission), 232–233
waiting, in programs, 39–40
wand, magic, 196–198
watery curse program, 128–129
weather-worn wall, building, 217–218
website, creating with Flask, 253–255
while loops, 123–124
conditions, 131–132
with if statements, 137
with return statements, 160
while-else statements, 141
Windows, setup instructions, 2–11
wool blocks, setting color by name, 158–159
worlds (Minecraft), creating new
on Mac, 17
on Windows, 8–9
write permission (w), 232–233
write() function, 233–234
X
x, y, and z coordinates, 31–32