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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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7. Craig, H.L., 1996. Temperature and velocity effects in naphthenic acid corrosion. Paper No. 603. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’96. NACE International, Houston, TX.
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15. Gutzeit J. Studies shed light on naphthenic acid corrosion. Oil Gas J. 1976b;74:156.
16. Gutzeit J. Naphthenic acid corrosion in oil refineries. Mater Perform. 1977;33(10):24.
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18. Hopkinson, B.R., Penuela, L.E., 1997. Naphthenic acid corrosion by Venezuelan crudes. Paper No. 502. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’97. NACE International, Houston, TX.
19. Hsu CS, Dechert GJ, Robbins WK, Fukuda EK. Naphthenic acids in crude oils characterized by mass spectrometry. Energy Fuels. 2000;14:217–223.
20. Jayaraman A, Singh H, Lefebvre Y. Naphthenic acid corrosion in petroleum refineries A review. Rev I Fr Petrol. 1986;41:265–274.
21. Johnson, D., McAteer, G., Zuk, H., 2003a. The safe processing of high naphthenic acid content crude oils refinery experience and mitigations studies. Paper No. 03645. In: CORROSION’03. NACE International, Houston, TX.
22. Johnson D, McAteer GR, Zuk H. Mitigating corrosion from naphthenic acid streams. Petrol Technol Q. 2003b;Q1:79–86.
23. Kane RD, Cayard MS. Understanding critical factors that influence refinery crude corrosiveness. Mater Perform. 1999;38(7):48.
24. Kane, R.D., Cayard, M.S., 2002. A comprehensive study on naphthenic acid corrosion. Paper No. 02555. In: CORROSION’02. NACE International, Houston, TX.
25. Kapusta, S.D., Rinus Daane, F., Place, M.C., 2003. The impact of oil field chemicals on refinery corrosion problems. Paper No. 03649. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’07. NACE International, Houston, TX.
26. Kapusta, S.D., Ooms, A., Smith, A., Van den Berg, F., Fort, W., 2004. Safe processing of acid crudes. Paper No. 04637. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’04. NACE International, Houston, TX.
27. Kittrell, N., 2006. Removing acid from crude oil. Crude Oil Quality Group. In: New Orleans Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February.
28. Laredo GC, Lopez CR, Alvarez RE, Cano JL. Naphthenic acids, total acid number and sulfur content profile characterization in isthmus and maya crude oils. Fuel. 2004;83:1689–1695.
29. Lewis, K.R., Daane, M.L., Schelling, R., 1999. Processing corrosive crude oils. Paper No. 377. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’99. NACE International, Houston, TX.
30. Lordo, S., Garcia, J.M., Garcia-Swofford, S., 2008. Desalter acidification additives and their potential impacts on crude units. Paper No. 08556. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’08. NACE International, Houston, TX.
31. Messer, B. Tarleton, B., Beaton, M., Phillips, T., 2004. New theory for naphthenic acid corrosivity of athabasca oil sands crudes. Paper No. 04634. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’04. NACE International, Houston, TX.
32. Morrison B.L., DeAngelis, D., Bonnette, L., Wood, S., 1992. The determination of naphthenic acids in crude oil. In: Proceedings of the PITTCON’92, New Orleans, LA.
33. Nugent, M.J., Dobis, J.D., 1998. Experience with naphthenic acid corrosion in low tan crudes. Paper No. 577. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’98. NACE International, Houston, TX.
34. Pathak, A.K., Kumar, T., 1995. Study of indigenous crude oil emulsions and their stability. In: Proceedings of the PETROTECH’95. Technology trends in the Oil Industry. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, New Delhi, India.
35. Piehl RL. Correlation of corrosion in a crude distillation unit with chemistry of the crudes. Corrosion. 1960;16:6.
36. Piehl RL. Naphthenic acid corrosion in crude distillation units. Mater Perform. 1988;44(1):37–43.
37. Qu DR, Zheng YG, Jing HM, Jiang X, Ke W. Erosion–Corrosion of Q235 and 5Cr1/2Mo steels in oil with naphthenic acid and/or sulfur compound at high temperature. Mater Corrosion. 2005;56(8):533–541.
38. Qu DR, Zheng YG, Jing HM, Yao ZM, Ke W. High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion and sulfidic corrosion of Q235 and 5Cr1/2Mo steels in synthetic refining media. Corrosion Sci. 2006;48:1960–1985.
39. Qu DR, Zheng YG, Jiang X, Ke W. Correlation between the corrosivity of naphthenic acids and their chemical structures. Anti-Corrosion Methods Mater. 2007;54(4):211–218.
40. Rue, J.R., Naeger, D.P., 2007. Advances in crude unit corrosion control. Paper No. 199. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’07. NACE International, Houston, TX.
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43. Shargay, C., Moore, K., Colwell, R., 2007. Survey of materials in hydrotreater units processing high TAN feeds. Paper No. 07573. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’07. NACE International, Houston, TX.
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45. Slavcheva, E., Shone, B., Turnbull, A., 1998. Factors controlling naphthenic acid corrosion. Paper No. 98579. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’98. NACE International, Houston, TX.
46. Slavcheva E, Shone B, Turnbull A. Review of naphthenic acid corrosion in oil refining. Br Corrosion J. 1999;34(2):125–131.
47. Speight JG. Handbook of Petroleum Analysis New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2001.
48. Speight JG. Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2002.
49. Speight JG. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum fifth ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2014a.
50. Speight JG. Oil and gas corrosion: from surface facilities to refineries. Gulf Professional Publishing Oxford, UK: Elsevier; 2014b.
51. Speight JG, Francisco MA. Studies in petroleum composition IV: changes in the nature of chemical constituents during crude oil distillation. Rev I Fr Pétrol. 1990;45:733.
52. Tebbal, S., 1999. Critical review on naphthenic acid corrosion. Paper No. 380. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’99. NACE International, Houston, TX.
53. Tebbal, S., Kane, R.D., Yamada, K., 1997. Assessment of the corrosivity of crude fractions from varying feedstocks. Paper No. 498. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’97. NACE International, Houston, TX.
54. Tran, T., Brown, B., Nesic, S., Tribollet, B., 2013. Investigation of the mechanism for acetic acid corrosion of mild steel. Paper No. 2487. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’13. NACE International, Houston, TX.
55. Turnbull, A., Slavcheva, E., Shone, B., 1994. Factors controlling naphthenic acid corrosion. In: CORROSION’94. NACE International, Houston, TX.
56. Turnbull A, Slavcheva E, Shone B. Factors controlling naphthenic acid corrosion. Corrosion. 1998;54(11):922–930.
57. UOP Method 565-92. Acid Number and Naphthenic Acids by Potentiometric Titration Des Plaines, IL: UOP; 1992.
58. UOP Method 587-92. Acid Number and Naphthenic Acids by Colorimetric Titration Des Plaines, IL: UOP; 1992.
59. Wang C, Wang Y, Chen J, et al. High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion of typical steels. Can J Mech Sci Eng. 2011;2(2):23–29.
60. Yépez O. Influence of different sulfur compounds on corrosion due to naphthenic acid. Fuel. 2005;84(1):97–104.
61. Zetlmeisl, M.J., 1996. Naphthenic acid corrosion and its control. Paper No. 218. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION’96. NACE International, Houston, TX.
Chapter 4
1. Babaian-Kibala, E., Nugent, M.J., 1999. Naphthenic acid corrosion: literature survey. Paper No. 378. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/99. NACE International, Houston, TX.
2. Babaian-Kibala E, Craig HL, Rusk GL, Quinter RC, Summers MA. Naphthenic acid corrosion in refinery settings. Mater Perform. 1993;32(4):50–55.
3. Blanco, E.F., Hopkinson, B., 1983. Experience with naphthenic acid corrosion in refinery distillation process units. Paper No. 99. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/83. NACE International, Houston, TX.
4. Craig, H.L., 1995. Naphthenic acid corrosion in the refinery. Paper No. 333. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/95. NACE, International, Houston, TX.
5. Craig, H.L., 1996. Temperature and velocity effects in naphthenic acid corrosion. Paper No. 603. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/96. NACE International, Houston, TX.
6. Dean, F.W.H., Powell, S.J., 2006. Hydrogen flux and high temperature acid corrosion. Paper No. 06436. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/06. NACE International, Houston, TX.
7. Gary JG, Handwerk GE, Kaiser MJ. Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics fifth ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2007.
8. Groysman, A., Brodsky, N., Pener, J., Goldis, A., Savchenko, N., 2005. Study of corrosiveness of acidic crude oil and fractions. Paper No. 05686. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION 2005. NACE International, Houston, TX.
9. Groysman, A., Brodsky, N., Pener, J., Shmulevich, D., 2007. Low temperature naphthenic acid corrosion study. Paper No. 07569. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/07. NACE International, Houston, TX.
10. Hau, J.L., Mirabal, E.J., 1996. Experience with processing high sulfur naphthenic acid containing heavy crude oils. Paper No. LA96037. In: Proceedings of the Second NACE Latin American Region Corrosion Congress. NACE International, Houston, TX.
11. Hopkinson, B.E., Penuela, L.E., 1997. Naphthenic acid corrosion by Venezuelan crudes. Paper No. 502. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/97. NACE International, Houston, TX.
12. Hsu CS, Robinson PR, eds. Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing Volume 1 and Volume 2. New York, NY: Springer Science; 2006.
13. Johnson D, McAteer GR, Zuk H. Mitigating corrosion from naphthenic acid streams. Petrol Technol Quart. 2003;Q1:79–86.
14. Kapusta, S.D., Ooms, A., van den Berg, F., Smith, A., Fort, W.C., 2004. Safe processing of acid crudes. Paper No. 04637. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/04. NACE International, Houston, TX.
15. Mottram, R.A., Hathaway, J.T., 1971. Some experience in the corrosion of a crude oil distillation unit operating with low sulfur North African crudes. Paper No. 39. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/71. NACE International, Houston, TX.
16. Nugent, M.J., Dobis, J.D., 1998. Experience with naphthenic acid corrosion in low TAN Crudes. Paper No. 577. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/98. NACE International, Houston, TX.
17. O‘Kane, J.M., Rudd, T.F., Harrison, J.H., Powell, S.W., Dean, F.W.H., 2010a. Correlation of hydrogen flux and corrosion rate measurements carried out during a severe episode of corrosion-erosion attributable to naphthenic acid. Paper No. 10178. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/10. NACE International, Houston, TX.
18. O‘Kane, J.M., Rudd, T.F., Cooke, D., Dean, F.W.H., Powell, S.W., 2010b. Detection and monitoring of naphthenic acid corrosion in a visbreaker unit using hydrogen flux measurements. Paper No. 10351. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION 2010, NACE International, Houston, TX.
19. Petkova N, Angelova M, Petkov P. Establishing the reasons and type of enhanced corrosion in the crude oil atmospheric distillation unit. Petrol Coal. 2009;51(4):286–292.
20. Piehl RL. Naphthenic acid corrosion in crude distillation units. Mater Perform. 1988;27(1):37–43.
21. Radovanović, L., Speight, J.G., 2011. Visbreaking: a technology of the future. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference—Process Technology and Environmental Protection (PTEP 2011). University of Novi Sad, Technical Faculty “Mihajlo Pupin,” Zrenjanin, Republic of Serbia. December 7, 2011. pp. 335–338.
22. Rijkaart M, Vanacore M, Russell C. Visbreaker optimization: a step change. Petrol Technol Quart. 2009;Q2:71–78.
23. Rudd, T.F., O’Kane, J.M., Harrison, J.H., Dean, F.W.H., Powell, S.J., 2010. Correlation of hydrogen flux and corrosion rate measurements carried out during a severe episode of corrosion-erosion attributable to naphthenic acid. Paper No. 10178. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/10. NACE International, Houston, TX.
24. Speight JG. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum fifth ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; 2014a.
25. Speight JG. Oil and Gas Corrosion: From Surface Facilities to Refineries Oxford, UK: Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier; 2014b.
26. Speight JG, Francisco MA. Studies in petroleum composition IV: changes in the nature of chemical constituents during crude oil distillation. Rev de l’Institut Français du Pétrole. 1990;45:733.
27. Speight JG, Ozum B. Petroleum Refining Processes New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 2002.
28. Stark, J.L., Nguyen, J., Kremer, L.N., 2002. Crude stability as related to desalter upsets. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Refinery Processing, AIChE Spring National Meeting, New Orleans, LA. March.
29. Tebbal, S., 1999. Critical review of naphthenic acid corrosion. Paper No. 380. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/99. NACE International, Houston, TX.
30. Turini, K., Turner, J., Chu, A., Vaidyanathan, S., 2011. Processing heavy crudes in existing refineries. In: Proceedings of the AIChE Spring Meeting, Chicago, IL. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, NY. <http://www.aiche-fpd.org/listing/112.pdf>.
31. Wu XQ, Jing HM, Zheng YG, Yao ZM, Ke W. Resistance of Mo-bearing stainless steels and Mo-bearing stainless-steel coating to naphthenic acid corrosion and erosion-corrosion. Corros Sci. 2004a;46:1013–1032.
32. Wu XQ, Jing HM, Zheng YG, Yao ZM, Ke W. Erosion-corrosion of various oil-refining materials in naphthenic acid. Wear. 2004b;256:133–144.
33. Zetlmeisl, M.J., 1996. Naphthenic acid corrosion and its control. Paper No. 218. In: Proceedings of the CORROSION/96. NACE International, Houston, TX.
Chapter 5
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