Notes

Introduction

1. L. R. James, “A Conditional Reasoning Measure for Aggression,” Organizational Research Methods, vol 8, (2005): 69–99.

Chapter 1

1. Ruy Teixeira and John Halpin, “Building an All-In Nation,” Center for American Progress, October 22, 2013, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2013/10/22/77665/building-an-all-in-nation, accessed December 11, 2017.

2. Caryn Block, Sandy Koch, Benjamin Liberman, Tarani Merriwether, and Loriann Merriwether, “Contending with Stereotype Threat at Work: A Model of Long-Term Responses.” The Counseling Psychologist, 39, no. 4 (2011): 571. https://www.apa.org/education/ce/stereotype-threat.pdf, accessed December 4, 2017.

Chapter 4

1. Melanie Tannenbaum, “The Problem When Sexism Just Sounds So Darn Friendly …” PsySociety (blog) Scientific American, April 2, 2013, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/psysociety/benevolent-sexism.

2. Tannebaum.

3. Amy Davidson Sorkin, “Yvonne Brill and the Beef-Stroganoff Illusion,” The New Yorker, April 1, 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/31/science/space/yvonne-brill-rocket-scientist-dies-at-88.html

4. Peter Glick and Susan Fiske, “BS at Work: How Benevolent Sexism Undermines Women and Justifies Backlash” (Harvard Business School Research Symposium: Gender and Work, 2013)

5. Tannebaum.

6. Glick.

7. Glick.

8. Glick.

Chapter 5

1. Greg Howard, “The Easiest Way to Get Rid of Racism? Just Redefine It.” New York Times, August 16, 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/magazine/the-easiest-way-to-get-rid-of-racism-just-redefine-it.html, accessed December 4, 2017.

2. “Criminal Justice Fact Sheet.” NAACP, www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet, accessed December 4, 2017.

3. “Criminal Justice Fact Sheet.” NAACP.

4. Jack Zenger and Joseph Folkman, “Leaders Aren’t Great at Judging How Inclusive They Are,” Harvard Business Review, October 26, 2017, hbr.org/2017/10/leaders-arent-great-at-judging-how-inclusive-they-are, accessed December 22, 2017).

5. James Surowiecki, “The Widening Racial Wealth Divide,” The New Yorker, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/10/the-widening-racial-wealth-divide.

6. Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Melinda Marshall, and Trudy Bourgeois, “People Suffer at Work When They Can’t Discuss the Racial Bias They Face Outside of It,” Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2017/07/people-suffer-at-work-whe-they-cant-discuss-the-racial-bias-they-face-outside-of-it.

7. Hewlett, Marshall, and Bourgeois, “People Suffer at Work When They Can’t Discuss the Racial Bias They Face Outside of It.”

8. Rae Ellen Bichell, “Scientists Start to Tease Out the Subtler Ways Racism Hurts Health,” NPR, November 11, 2017, www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/11/11/562623815/scientists-start-to-tease-out-the-subtler-ways-racism-hurts-health, accessed December 28, 2017.

9. Bichell.

10. Bichell.

11. Adapted from Kenney, G. (2014). Interrupting Microaggressions, College of the Holy Cross, Diversity Leadership & Education. Accessed on-line at https://www.holycross.edu/sites/default/files/files/centerforteaching/interrupting_microaggressions_january2014.pdf, October 2014.

12. Ella B. Smith, Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Trevor Phillips, and Ripa Rashad, “Easing Racial Tensions at Work,” Center for Talent Innovation, 2017. http://www.talentinnovation.org/publication.cfm?publication=1570, accessed March 08, 2018.

13. Maxine Williams, “Numbers Only Take Us So Far,” Harvard Business Review, October 24, 2017, hbr.org/2017/11/numbers-take-us-only-so-far, accessed December 28, 2017.

14. Williams.

15. Williams.

16. Williams.

17. Tim Ryan, ‘“The Silence was Deafening’—Why We need to Talk about Race,” LinkedIn (blog), July 22, 2016, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/silence-deafening-why-we-need-talk-race-timothy-f-ryan?trk=prof-post, accessed December 31, 2017.

18. Emily Peck, “What Happened When One CEO Decided to Talk Openly About Race,” Huffington Post, December 12, 2016, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/workplace-diversity-pwc_us_584af4fbe4b0bd9c3dfc976b, accessed December 30, 2017.

19. Ellen McGirt, “Tim Ryan’s Awakening,” Fortune, February 1, 2017, fortune.com/pwc-diversity-tim-ryan, accessed December 27, 2017.

20. McGirt.

21. McGirt.

22. McGirt.

23. Carl Zimmer, “A Single Migration from Africa Populated the World, Studies Find,” New York Times, September 21, 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/science/ancient-dna-human-history.html, accessed January 16, 2018.

Chapter 6

1. Tiffany Jana and Matthew Freeman, Overcoming Bias: Building Authentic Relationships across Differences (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2016), 74.

2. Stefanie K. Johnson, David R. Hekman, and Elsa T. Chan, “If There’s Only One Woman in Your Candidate Pool, There’s Statistically No Chance She’ll Be Hired,” Harvard Business Review, April 26, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/04/if-theres-only-one-woman-in-your-candidate-pool-theres-statistically-no-chance-shell-be-hired, accessed May 22, 2018.

3. Lincoln Quillian, Devah Pager, Ole Hexel, and Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, “The Persistence of Racial Discrimination in Hiring,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, October 2017, 114, no. 41: 10870–10875. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706255114.

Chapter 7

1. Carolina Moreno and Riley Arthur. “25 Times White Actors Played People of Color and No One Really Gave a S**t.” Huffington Post, February 23, 2017, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/26-times-white-actors-played-people-of-color-and-no-one-really-gave-a-sht_us_56cf57e2e4b0bf0dab313ffc, accessed January 10, 2018.

2. Darnell Hunt and Ana-Christina Ramón,“2015 Hollywood Diversity Report,” Ralph J. Bunche Center for African American Studies, February 25, 2015, bunchecenter.ucla.edu/2015/02/25/2015-hollywood-diversity-report: 2–3, accessed January 10, 2018.

3. Alyin Zafa, “Physical Video Games May Help the Older Psychologically,” The Atlantic, February 13, 2011, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/02/physical-video-games-may-help-the-elderly-psychologically/71184, accessed April 9, 2018.

4. Michael Lynn and Zachary Brewster, “What’s Behind Racial Differences in Restaurant Tipping?” The Washington Post, January 21, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/01/21/whats-behind-racial-differences-in-restaurant-tipping, accessed January 8, 2018.

5. John Murden, “An Overview of Poverty, Race, and Jurisdiction in Metropolitan Richmond,” Church Hill People’s News, October 10, 2010, https://chpn.net/2010/10/06/an-overview-of-poverty-race-and-jurisdiction-in-metropolitan-richmond, accessed January 8, 2018

Chapter 8

1. “A Living Death: Life Without Parole for Nonviolent Offenses,” American Civil Liberties Union Foundation, 2013, https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/111813-lwop-complete-report.pdf, accessed March 20, 2018.

2. Wendy Sawyer and Alex Clark, “New Data: The Rise of the Prosecutor Politician,” Prison Policy Initiative, March 2017, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2017/07/13/prosecutors, accessed April 3, 2018.

3. Elliot Currie, Crime and Punishment in America (New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt & Company, 1998), https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/c/currie-crime.html, accessed April 7, 2018.

4. Currie.

5. Nazgol Ghandnoosh, “Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punitive Policies,” The Sentencing Project, 2014, www.sentencingproject.org/publications/race-and-punishment-racial-perceptions-of-crime-and-support-for-punitive-policies, accessed January 4, 2018.

6. Ghandnoosh.

7. Ghandnoosh.

8. Ghandnoosh.

9. Roy Walmsley, World Prison Population List, tenth 2012 ed.: 1, prisonstudies.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/wppl_10.pdf, accessed January. 1, 2018.

10. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virgina, Queries 14 and 18: 137–142, 162–163, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch15s28.html, accessed January 7, 2018.

11. Ashley Diaz Mejias, “The Illusion of Black and White,” TMI Blog, https://www.tmiconsultinginc.com/illusion-black-white, accessed January 12, 2018.

12. Angela F. Chan, “America Never Abolished Slavery.” Huffington Post, March 2, 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/angela-f-chan/america-never-abolished-slavery_b_6777420.html, accessed January 5, 2018.

13. “Black Codes and Pig Laws,” Public Broadcasting Service, www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes, accessed January 9, 2018.

14. Sarah Childress, “Michelle Alexander: ‘A System of Racial and Social Control.’” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, April 29, 2014, www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/michelle-alexander-a-system-of-racial-and-social-control/. (accessed Jan. 9, 2018)

15. Judge Frederic Block, “Racism’s Hidden History in the War on Drugs.” Huffington Post, January 3, 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/judge-frederic-block/war-on-drugs_b_2384624.html, accessed January 1, 2018.

16. Block.

17. Richard Pérez-Peña, “Contrary to Trump’s Claims, Immigrants Are Less Likely to Commit Crimes,” New York Times, January 26, 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/us/trump-illegal-immigrants-crime.html, accessed January 15, 2018.

18. Nazgol Ghandnoosh, “Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punitive Policies,” The Sentencing Project, 2014, www.sentencingproject.org /publications/race-and-punishment-racial-perceptions-of-crime-and-support-for-punitive-policies, accessed January 4, 2018.

19. T. Bonczar, “Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974–2001,” 2013, Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, http://www.sentencingproject.org/criminal-justice-facts, accessed January 5, 2018.

20. Nazgol Ghandnoosh. “Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punitive Policies.”

Chapter 9

1. Marina Duane et al., “Criminal Background Checks Impact on Employment and Recidivism,” The Urban Institute, March 2017, https://www.urban.org/research/publication/criminal-background-checks-impact-employment-and-recidivism, accessed April 23, 2018.

2. Brentin Mock, “Excluding Ex-Offenders from the Workforce Is Bad Business.” CityLab, June 15, 2017, www.citylab.com/equity/2017/06/the-case-for-hiring-ex-offenders/529896, accessed January 1, 2018.

3. Mock.

4. Dylan Minor, Nicola Persico, and Deborah M. Weiss, “Criminal Background and Job Performance,” Abstract. Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management, May 11, 2017. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2851951, accessed January 16, 2018.

5. Marshall Fitz, “Immigrants Are Makers, Not Takers,” Center for American Progress, December 19, 2013, www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2013/02/08/52377/immigrants-are-makers-not-takers, accessed January 14, 2018.

6. “Mission Strategies,” on Boaz and Ruth’s website, 2018, http://www.boazandruth.com/index.cfm/topic/missionstrat.