Data sources in Tableau store information about the connection(s). In addition to the connection itself (example, database server name, database, and/or file names), the data source also contains information about all the fields available (such as field name, data type, default format, comments, and aliases). Often, this data about the data is referred to as metadata.

Right-clicking a field in the data pane reveals a menu of metadata options. Some of these options will be demonstrated in a later exercise; others will be explained throughout the book. These are some of the options available via right-clicking:

• Renaming the field
• Hiding the field
• Changing aliases for values of dimension (other than date fields)
• Creating calculated fields, groups, sets, bins, or parameters
• Splitting the field
• Changing the default use of a date or numeric field to either discrete or continuous
• Redefining the field as a dimension or a measure
• Changing the data type of the field
• Assigning a geographic role of the field
• Changing defaults for how a field is displayed in a visualization, such as the default colors and shapes, number or date format, sort order (for dimensions), or type of aggregation (for measures)
• Adding a default comment for a field (which will be shown as a tooltip when hovering over a field in the data pane, or shown as part of the description when Describe... is selected from the menu)
• Adding or removing the field from a hierarchy

To see how this works, use the filled map view of Profit by State that you created in the Connect to Google Sheets view. If you did not create this view, you may use the Orders and Returns data source, though the resulting view will be slightly different. With the filled map in front of you, follow these steps:

1. Right-click the Profit field in the data pane and select Default Properties | Number Format.... The resulting dialog gives you many options for numeric format.
2. Set the number format to Currency (Custom) with 0 Decimal places. After clicking OK, you should notice that the labels on the map have updated to include currency notation.
3. Right-click the Profit field again and select Default properties | Color.... The resulting dialog gives you an option to select and customize the default color encoding of the Profit field. Experiment with various palettes and settings. Notice that every time you click the Apply button, the visualization updates.

Because you have set the default format for the field at the data-source level, any additional views you create using Profit will include the default formatting you specified.