NOTES
PREFACE
page ix C. G. Jung, “Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle,” in The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche, Vol. 8 of The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, trans. R. F. C. Hull (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960), p. 520.
page xii John of the Ladder as quoted in Henri J. M. Nouwen, Reaching Out: The Three Movements of the Spiritual Life (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1975), p. 9.
INTRODUCTION
page 1 Robert Greenleaf, Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness (New York: Paulist Press, 1977).
page 5 Peter Senge, The Fifth Discipline (New York: Doubleday, 1990).
page 7 David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980).
PART I: PREPARING TO JOURNEY
1. WATERGATE
page 24 See Leon Jaworski, The Right and the Power: The Prosecution of Watergate (New York: Reader’s Digest Press, 1976).
page 25 John W. Gardner talked about “the laziness and self-indulgence of citizens” and “unscrupulous leaders” who “abuse the power entrusted to them” in his speech “Rebirth of a Nation,” delivered to the Forum Club, 17 February 1993, in Houston, Texas.
3. THE JOURNEY BEGINS
page 33 Hugh Prather, Notes to Myself (Moab, UT: Real People Press, 1970).
4. FREEDOM
page 38 Richard Bach, Jonathan Livingston Seagull (New York: Macmillan, 1970), p. 77.
5. GRAND PRIX TEST RUN
page 45 For readers interested in learning more about the flow state, I recommend Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (New York: Harper & Row, 1990).
6. THE ART OF LOVING
page 46 A book of penetrating insight for anyone interested in developing the capacity to love is Eric Fromm, The Art of Loving (New York: Harper & Row, 1956). Fromm says that love is not primarily a relationship to a specific person, but an attitude, an orientation of character that determines the relatedness of a person to the world as a whole.
page 47 “Bernadette” is a pseudonym.
7. ONENESS
page 54 W. Russell and T. Branch, Second Wind: Memoirs of an Opinionated Man (New York: Random House, 1979).
page 55 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1970). For some passages, I prefer the translation by Ronald Gregor Smith (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958 [1952]).
pages 55–56 For readers interested in learning more about this expanded awareness, sometimes referred to as “unity consciousness,” I highly recommend Ken Wilber, No Boundary: Eastern and Western Approaches to Personal Growth (Boston & London: Shambhala, 1979).
8. THE DREAM
page 58 Eric Fromm, To Have or To Be? (New York: Harper & Row, 1976). See pp. 108–09 for Fromm’s discussion of freedom and the mode of existence symbolically represented by the hero.
page 58 Robert Greenleaf, The Servant as Leader (Newton Center, MA: Robert K. Greenleaf Center, 1973 [1970]). The essay I received in the mail was later reprinted in a collection of Greenleaf’s essays, Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness (New York: Paulist Press, 1977). I particularly recommend Chapter 11, “An Inward Journey,” Greenleaf’s own account of the fear and loss that are part of the journey toward personal transformation and servant leadership. Another of Greenleaf’s essays that has wonderful insights about the journey is “My Debt to E. B. White” (Newton Center, MA: Robert K. Greenleaf Center, 1987). Greenleaf traces White’s influence over a period of fifty-five years, especially White’s capacity to “see things whole,” an essential quality of servant leadership. All of Greenleaf’s essays and his book can be obtained through the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership (www.greenleaf.org).
9. CAIRO
pages 63–64 John W. Gardner, No Easy Victories (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1968). Chapter 12 of this book is the most lucid and inspiring message about the need for community leadership I have ever read. It’s as true today as it was twenty-five years ago.
page 66 John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: The Free Press, 1990), p. 199.
PART II: CROSSING THE THRESHOLD
11. THE MYSTERY OF COMMITMENT
page 73 Herman Hesse, Demian: The Story of Emil Sinclair’s Youth, trans. M. Roloff and M. Lebeck (New York: Bantam Books, 1965), p. 108.
page 74 “. . . the box labeled ‘too hard.’ ” I first heard this expression spoken by Admiral James B. Stockdale.
page 75 Rollo May, Freedom and Destiny (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1981). I recommend this book to anyone taking the inner path to leadership. May suggests that freedom loses its solid foundation without its opposite, destiny, which sets up the necessary creative tension and gives freedom its viability (p. 16). He also says that after pursuing our destiny for many years, we may arrive at a point where our freedom and destiny seem united. This was true of Martin Luther, who, when he nailed his ninety-nine theses on the door of the cathedral at Wittenberg, said, “Here I stand, I can do no other.” Such acts, May points out, are “the fruits of years of minor decisions culminating in this crucial decision in which one’s freedom and destiny merge” (p. 99).
12. THE GUIDE
page 77 The Sunday Times (London), 27 July 1980.
page 77 David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980).
page 79 Henry Stapp, as quoted by Gary Zukov, The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics (New York: Bantam, 1980), p. 299.
13. SYNCHRONICITY: THE CUBIC CENTIMETER OF CHANCE
page 87 M. Scott Peck, The Road Less Traveled: A New Psychology of Love, Traditional Values and Spiritual Growth (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978).
page 88 In addition to Jung’s classic essay on synchronicity, see also F. David Peat, Synchronicity: The Bridge Between Matter and Mind (New York: Bantam, 1987).
page 88 This chapter benefited greatly from my reading of Arthur Koestler, Janus: A Summing Up (New York: Random House, 1978), pp. 265, 270. Also see in particular Chapter 13, “Physics and Metaphysics.”
page 88 “all manner …” See the opening page of Part Four (p. 137) for the larger quotation from which this came.
PART III: THE HERO’S JOURNEY
The illustration summarizing the Hero’s Journey is adapted from Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968 [1949]), p. 245.
14. THE MOMENT OF SWING
page 95 Ahmed Mannai rose from being a pearl diver in Qatar to an internationally recognized businessman with interests in fourteen countries. I first met Ahmed in London, just after meeting Bohm. My encounter with Ahmed at this early stage in the development of the Leadership Forum was very significant to me, another reflection of the “hidden hands” at work. In addition to providing important seed money, Ahmed also shared my vision of developing better leadership in the United States.
page 97 David Halberstam, The Amateurs (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1985), p. 40.
15. THE WILDERNESS EXPERIENCE: A GATEWAY TO DIALOGUE
pages 100–01 My understanding of the history of the Outward Bound movement was developed during conversations with David Chrislip, Reola Phelps, and Eric Malmborg, formerly of the Colorado Outward Bound School. Also see Mark Zelinski and Gary Shaeffer, Outward Bound, the Inward Odyssey (Hillsboro, OR: Beyond Words Publishing, 1991), and Thomas James, Education at the Edge: The Colorado Outward Bound School (Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School, 1980).
page 103 The phrase “one has been the context for the other” was taken from Joan Halifax, The Fruitful Darkness (New York: Harper San Francisco, 1993), p. ix.
page 104 This description was taken from a letter written by Arthur Walmsley, an American Leadership Forum Fellow and Bishop of the Diocese of Connecticut, published in Good News: The Newspaper of the Diocese of Connecticut, September 1987.
page 106 René Daumal’s words can be found in the fragments of “A Treatise on Analogical Mountain Climbing” (1939), in “Notes Found among the Author’s Papers,” printed as a postscript in Mount Analogue, trans. Roger Shattuck (Baltimore: Penguin, 1960 [1952]), p. 115.
16. DIALOGUE: THE POWER OF COLLECTIVE THINKING
This discussion of dialogue benefited greatly from many hours of conversation with William N. Isaacs, the leader of the Dialogue Project at the MIT Center for Organizational Learning. See in particular Isaacs’ article, “Taking Flight: Dialogue, Collective Thinking, and Organizational Learning,” Organizational Dynamics, Fall 1990: pp. 24–39. Isaacs and his colleagues are investigating how to extend the extraordinary insights of Bohm, Buber, and others, and turn them into actionable skills and competencies. Isaacs’ book, Dialogue: The Art of Thinking Together (forthcoming from Doubleday) brings together a decade of thinking by many people on this subject and explores different kinds of dialogue practice and its application at the personal, group, and organizational levels. See also Isaacs’ chapter, “Dialogue,” in The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook, ed. P. Senge, C. Roberts, R. Ross, B. Smith, and A. Kleiner (New York: Doubleday, 1994), pp. 357–64. In addition Peter Senge has written about dialogue in The Fifth Discipline, pp. 238–49.
page 110 David Bohm, “Epilogue” in Unfolding Meaning (New York: Doubleday, 1985).
page 117 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Smith, pp. 8–9.
17. LESSONS: ENCOUNTERING THE TRAPS
Key insights about the Hero’s Journey were provided by Robert J. Holder and Richard N. McKinney, “Corporate Change and the Hero’s Quest,” World Business Academy Perspectives, Vol. 6, no. 4, 1992: pp. 39–48.
page 118 Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth, ed. Betty S. Flowers (New York: Doubleday, 1988), p. 121 ff. See also Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968 [1949]), pp. 101, 216.
page 118 For Greenleaf references, see notes for Chapter 8, p. 54.
page 119 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Kaufman, p. 160.
page 119 Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, p. 216.
page 120 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Smith, p. 109.
page 120 Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, p. 101.
18. THE POWER OF COMMITMENT
page 133 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Smith, p. 59.
page 134 The Machado quotation was given to me by Francisco Varela.
page 134 C. G. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, ed. Aniela Jaffe, trans. Richard and Clara Winston (New York: Pantheon, 1961), p. 48.
page 135 Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth, p. 120.
PART IV: THE GIFT
20. SETTING THE FIELD
page 149 Much of what Sheldrake said to me appears in The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Habits of Nature (London: Fontana/HarperCollins, 1989). Also of great benefit to me was Margaret J. Wheatley, Leadership and the New Science: Learning about Organization from an Orderly Universe (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 1992), especially Chapter 2.
page 152 David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order, p. 23.
21. BARRICADES
page 156 I first heard the term “hinge of history” from Harlan Cleveland during our conversations in London while the scenarios were being developed. Harlan, who was quoting Barbara Ward, used the term as a chapter title in his book Birth of a New World: An Open Moment for International Leadership (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993).
22. NEW FRONTIERS
page 160 The idea for the epigraph came from a conversation with Harlan Cleveland, who used Paine’s phrase, “the birthday of a new world” as the basis for the title of his book, Birth of a New World.
pages 162–63 The Mont Fleur Scenarios were published in South Africa as a supplement in The Weekly Mail and The Guardian Weekly. The scenarios were later produced as a video.
pages 164–65 What Kaku said to me in our conversation he also spoke about at the Caux Round Table in Switzerland in 1991.
23. A WORLD OF POSSIBILITIES
page 172 John W. Gardner, “Rebirth of a Nation.”
page 174 Bohm’s words were taken from my transcript of our conversation in London, 1980.
page 175 H. Maturana and F. Varela, The Tree of Knowledge (Boston: Shambhala, 1991 [1987]). And F. Varela, E. Thompson, and E. Rosch, The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991). In this context another important influence is T. Winnograd and F. Flores, Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Vision for Design (Norwood, NJ: Addison Wesley, 1989).
page 175 For an excellent discussion of language as a generative practice, see Fred Kofman and Peter M. Senge, “Communities of Commitment: The Heart of Learning Organizations,” Organizational Dynamics, Fall 1993: pp. 5–23.
page 179 “Trungpa” is Chögyam Trungpa, author of Shambhala: The Sacred Path of the Warrior (Boston & London: Shambhala, 1988 [1984]). See especially, pp. 159–60.
24. CREATING THE FUTURE
page 181 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Kaufman, p. 109.
pages 182–85 The reference to Thomas Berry and the way of expressing these insights about leadership were suggested by Peter Senge in personal correspondence, September 1995. Senge also made the same references in a keynote speech for a conference sponsored by Pegasus Communications, which was audiotaped as “Organizational Learning Infrastructures” (The Systems Thinking in Action Series). Bill Moyers quotes a similar passage from Berry in The Power of Myth, p. 139.
page 182 As we enter the third millennium, we are faced with increasing diversity, discontinuous change, and accelerating complexity. The philosophy described in this book will, I believe, enable us to meet these challenges. At the same time, however, we must continue to develop the traditional capacities essential to effective leadership. There are a number of authors and coauthors, many of whom have been mentioned in this book, I highly recommend to anyone seeking enlightenment along the path to organizational or societal leadership. They include Warren Bennis; James MacGregor Burns; David D. Chrislip and Carl E. Larson; Harlan Cleveland; Stephen R. Covey; Max Du Pree; John W. Gardner; Howard Gardner; Robert K. Greenleaf; Ronald A. Heifetz; Rosabeth M. Kantor; Peter Koestenbaum; John P. Kotter; James M. Konzes and Barry Z. Posner; Peter M. Senge; and Margaret J. Wheatley.
page 182 For those readers interested in a deeper understanding of our universe as one that unfolds according to a hidden, dynamic order, see F. David Peat, Synchronicity: The Bridge between Matter and Mind (New York: Bantam Books, 1987). The late Jonas Salk, who brought polio under control with the vaccine he developed, also spoke of a universe that unfolds kaleidoscopically according to a deeply ingrained order. He believed that people could develop the capacity to tap into this continually unfolding “dynamism”—that people can sense the way the future wants to unfold and can “hurry it along.” “I have come to recognize evolution,” he said, “not only as an active process that I am experiencing all the time, but as something I can guide by the choices I make. . . .” He said it was this force that guided him in the early 1950s to reject the common wisdom and develop a polio vaccine using killed viruses instead of live ones (New York Times, 24 June 1993, pp. 1, 9).
page 184 Henry Stapp, as quoted by Fritjof Capra, The Tao of Physics, 2nd ed. (Boston: Shambhala Press, 1985), p. 139.
page 184 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Smith, p. 59. Reading Joseph Campbell’s comment about the word “thou” and the reverence for the other that it suggests sharpened my understanding about why that word is so powerful. He said, “You can address anything as a ‘thou,’ and if you do it, you can feel the change in your own psychology. The ego that sees a ‘thou’ is not the ego that sees an ‘it.’ And when you go to war with people, the problem of newspapers is to turn those people into ‘its’” (The Power of Myth, pp. 78–79). For additional insight into the I–Thou relationship, see Danah Zohar, The Quantum Self: Human Nature and Consciousness Defined by the New Physics (New York: William Morrow, 1990), pp. 128–32. Upon meeting another as our “thou,” each becomes a part of something new, which is larger than itself (p. 132). See also Kofman and Senge, “Communities of Commitment.”
page 185 Arthur Koestler, Janus, p. 259.
25. BRETTON WOODS AND HADAMAR
page 190 Martin Buber, I and Thou, trans. Smith, p. 59.
page 193 Leon Jaworski, After Fifteen Years (Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company, 1961).
PART V: THE JOURNEY CONTINUES
26. EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS ABOUT SYNCHRONICITY
pages 199–200 Reproduced from the letter of a former high school teacher in New York.
page 200 Reproduced with the kind permission of Barbara Nussbaum.
page 201 Reproduced with the kind permission of Rebecca Picton.
pages 201–02 Reproduced with the kind permission of Magdalena Szuszkiewicz.
pages 202–03 Reproduced with the kind permission of Sheryl Erickson.
pages 203–04 Reproduced from the letter of a former university professor in Oregon.
pages 204–05 Reproduced with the kind permission of Dom Macdonald.
27. SHIFTING THE PREVAILING BELIEF SYSTEM
page 207 Brown, F. D., and W. Wiegand. “Cosmic Law—Patterns in the Universe.” The FMBR—Where Science and Consciousness Produce Wisdom. Web. 23 Nov. 2010. http://www.fmbr.org/cosmiclaw/index.htm.
page 210 Beverly, MA: Generon Consulting, 2000; and Cambridge, MA: Society for Organizational Learning, 2000.
page 210 See, for example, P. Senge, O. Scharmer, J. Jaworski, and B. Flowers, Presence: An Exploration of Profound Change in People, Organizations and Society. (New York: Doubleday, 2004); O. Scharmer, Theory U: Leading from the Future as it Emerges (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2009); and A. Kahane, Power and Love: A Theory and Practice of Social Change (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2010).
page 210 Ibid.
page 212 F. D. Peat, Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm. (Boston: Addison Wesley Longman, 1996).
pages 212–13 “The Pertinence of the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) Laboratory to the Pursuit of Global Health,” Explore, the Journal of Science and Healing, No. 3 [special issue] (May/June 2007), p. 327.
page 213 This essay is reproduced in Peat, Infinite Potential, p. 322.
page 213 Brown used this term consistently in conversation with my colleague Kazimierz Gozdz, to whom he was a friend and mentor from 1995 until his death in 2003. I’m grateful to Kaz for passing on Brown’s wisdom to me.
page 214 See Lee Nichol’s essay, Wholeness Regained: Revisiting Bohm’s Dialogue, in B. Banathy and P. Jenlink, Dialogue as a Means of Collective Communication (New York: Kluwer-Plenam Academic Publishing, 2004). I am indebted to Lee for sending this essay to me after the meeting in Pari, as a way for me to gain a deeper understanding of all we discussed together in Pari.
page 214 Personal conversation in Princeton with Jahn and Dunne.
page 220 (Quoted from Daily Mail (May 4, 2007) by L. Dossey, The Power of Premonitions: How Knowing the Future Can Shape Our Lives (Boston: Dutton, 2009), p. 181.
page 220 Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality (New York: Paraview Pocket Books, 2006), p. 179.
page 220 A. Machado, as quoted on p. 134 of this book.
page 221 Shell Energy Scenarios to 2050 (London: Shell International B.V., 2008).
page 223 As John Milton had promised, we later had a three-hour conversation about the question I had asked. (This conversation is reported in my forthcoming book, Source.)