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Part I The Human Resource Profession
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Part I The Human Resource Profession
by William Kelly, William H. Truesdell, Dory Willer
aPHR Associate Professional in Human Resources Certification All-in-One Exam Guide
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
About the Authors
Contents at A Glance
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I The Human Resource Profession
Chapter 1 Human Resource Certification
Professional Certifications
HR Certification Organizations
The HR Certification Institute (HRCI)
The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM)
Benefits of Certification
The aPHR Exam
The Significance of the HR Body of Knowledge
The Test Development Process
The Exam Experience
The aPHR Registration Process
Preparing for the Exam
Exam Readiness
Chapter Review
Endnotes
Chapter 2 U.S. Laws and Regulations
When You Have ONE or More Employees
The Clayton Act (1914)
The Consumer Credit Protection Act (1968)
The Copeland “Anti-Kickback” Act (1934)
The Copyright Act (1976)
The Davis-Bacon Act (1931)
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010)
The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) (2001)
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) (1986)
The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1988)
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) (1974)
The Equal Pay Act (an Amendment to the FLSA) (1963)
The FAA Modernization and Reform Act (2012)
The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT) (2003)
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) (1970), as Amended in 2011
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (1938)
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) (1997)
The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act (2009)
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (1996)
The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) (1952)
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) (1986)
The IRS Intermediate Sanctions (2002)
The Labor-Management Relations Act (LMRA; Taft-Hartley Act) (1947)
The Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) (1959)
The Mine Safety and Health Act (1977)
The National Industrial Recovery Act (1933)
The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA; Wagner Act) (1935)
The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act (2000)
The Norris-LaGuardia Act (1932)
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) (1970)
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) (1993)
The Pension Protection Act (PPA) (2006)
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996)
The Portal-to-Portal Act (1947)
The Railway Labor Act (1926)
The Rehabilitation Act (1973), as Amended in 1980
The Retirement Equity Act (REA) (1984)
The Revenue Act (1978)
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) (2002)
The Securities and Exchange Act (1934)
The Service Contract Act (1965)
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
The Small Business Job Protection Act (1996)
The Social Security Act (1935)
The Tax Reform Act (1986)
The Taxpayer Relief Act (1997)
The Trademark Act (1946)
The Unemployment Compensation Amendments (UCA) (1992)
The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) (1994)
The Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act (1974), as Amended by the Jobs for Veterans Act (JVA)
The Wagner-Peyser Act (1933), as Amended by the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) (1988)
The Walsh-Healey Act (Public Contracts Act) (1936)
The Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) (1996)
The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (1959)
Whistle-Blowing
For FIFTEEN or More Employees
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (1990), as Amended by the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) (2008)
The Civil Rights Act (Title VII) (1964)
The Civil Rights Act (1991)
The Drug-Free Workplace Act (1998)
The Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA) (1972)
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) (2008)
Guidelines on Discrimination Because of Sex (1980)
The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009)
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978)
The Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978)
For TWENTY or More Employees
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) (1967), as Amended in 1978, 1986
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) (2009)
The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) (1986)
The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) (1990)
For FIFTY to ONE HUNDRED or More Employees
Executive Order 11246: Affirmative Action (1965)
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) (1993), Expanded 2008, 2010
The Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA) (1996)
The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) (2008)
The National Defense Authorization Act (2008)
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (2010)
Executive Order 13706: Paid Sick Leave for Federal Contractors (2015)
For ONE HUNDRED or More Employees
The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act (1988)
For Federal Government Employees
The Civil Service Reform Act (1978)
The Congressional Accountability Act (1995)
The False Claims Act (1863)
The Homeland Security Act (2002)
The Privacy Act (1974)
The USA PATRIOT Act (2001)
Whistle-Blower Laws
Employment Visas for Foreign Nationals
E Nonimmigrant Visas
H Visas
L-1 Intracompany Transferee
O-1 Alien of Extraordinary Ability in Arts, Science, Education, Business, Athletics
P Visa Categories
EB Employment-Based Visas
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Endnotes
Part II aPHR Body of Knowledge Functional Areas
Chapter 3 HR Operations
Knowledge of
Laws and Regulations
HR Functions
Employee Relations
Records Management
Compensation and Benefits
Training and Development
Health, Safety, and Security
HR Research
HR Generalists and Specialists
HR Manager, Director, or Officer
HR Support System
HR Education and Certification
HR Networking
Organizational Accountability
Multifunctional HR Department
Sole HR Practitioner
HR Call Center Operations
Organizational Strategy
Mission
Vision
Values
Goals and Objectives
Organizational Culture
Tradition
Unwritten Procedures
Confidentiality
Privacy
Employee Records
Company Data
Personal Data
Business Functions
Finance and Accounting
Operations
Sales
Marketing
Business Reporting
HR Policies and Procedures
ADA HR Policy
EEO HR Policy
Progressive Discipline Policy
Employee Handbooks and Policy Manuals
HR Metrics
Data Compilation Tools
Data Collection Methods
Surveys
Interviews
Observation
Reporting and Presentation Techniques
Histogram
Bar Chart
Impact of Technology on Human Resources
Statutory Reporting Requirements
Purpose and Function of Human Resources Information Systems (HRISs)
Job Analysis Methods and Job Descriptions
Legal Aspects of Job Analysis
Job Analysis and the ADA
Job Analysis and the FLSA
Job Analysis and Affirmative Action
Competency Analysis
Job Descriptions and Job Specifications
Job Description Components
Why Use Job Descriptions
FLSA Job Classifications
Exempt
Nonexempt
Independent Contractors
External HR Service Providers
Recruiting Firms
Staffing Agencies
Benefits Brokers
Communication Techniques
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Endnotes
Chapter 4 Recruitment and Selection
Knowledge of
Laws and Regulations
Federal Laws
Applicant Databases
Résumés vs. Job Applications
Self-Identification
Pre-employment Testing
Recruitment Sources
Internal
External Recruitment Sources
Recruitment Methods
Advertising
Alternative Staffing Practices
Flexible Staffing
Phased Retirement
Contractor Payrolling
Employee Leasing and Professional Employer Organizations (PEOs)
Outsourcing and Managed Service Providers (MSPs)
Temp-to-Lease Programs
Rehires and Transfers
Interviewing Techniques
Types of Interviews
Interviewing Skills and Techniques
Interviewing Bias
Post-Offer Activities
Medical Examinations
Background Checks
Onboarding and Orientation
Records Retention
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Endnotes
Chapter 5 Compensation and Benefits
Knowledge of
Laws and Regulations
Davis-Bacon Act
Copeland Act
Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) (1938), as Amended
Equal Pay Act (EPA)
Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA)
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), as Amended
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Compensation
Financial Inducements
Direct Compensation (Cash)
Nonfinancial Inducements
Compensation Ethics
Wage Surveys
Job Evaluation
Pricing and Pay Rates
Pay Grades and Ranges
Variations in Pay: Red and Green Circle Rates
Base Pay Systems
Single or Flat-Rate System
Time-Based Step Rate Systems
Performance-Based Merit Pay System
Productivity-Based System
Straight Piece-Rate System
Differential Piece-Rate System
Person-Based System
Knowledge-Based Systems
Skill-Based Systems
Competency-Based Systems
Financial Incentives
Differential Pay
Overtime Pay
Hazard Pay
Shift Pay
On-Call Pay
Callback Pay
Geographic Differentials
Weekend and Holiday Pay
Team and Group Incentives
Organization-Based Pay
Profit Sharing
Gainsharing
Employee Benefits
Paid Sick Leave
Social Security
Workers’ Compensation
Unemployment Compensation
Healthcare Benefits
Marketplace Plans Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Managed Healthcare Plans
Fee-for-Service Plans
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
Point of Service (POS)
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Group Health Cooperative
Consumer-Driven Healthcare
Flexible Spending Account (FSA)
Health Reimbursement Account (HRA)
Health Savings Account (HSA)
Employee Benefit Account Administration
Retiree Benefits
Benefits: Legal Compliance
Benefits: Communication Requirements
Developing Employee Self-Service (ESS) Technologies
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Endnotes
Chapter 6 Human Resource Development and Retention
Knowledge of
Laws and Regulations
Training Delivery Format
Classroom
E-learning
On-the-Job Training (OJT)
Techniques to Evaluate Training Programs
Participant Surveys and Questionnaires
Pre- and Post-Testing
Measuring Behavior: After-Action Review
Career Development Practices
Succession Planning
Career Pathing
Dual-Ladder Careers
Career Counseling
Performance Appraisal Methods
Category Rating
Comparative Methods
Narrative
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Performance Management Practices
Organizational Values and Goals
Performance Management Standards
Employee Performance/Behaviors
Employee Retention
Methods for Employee Retention
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Endnotes
Chapter 7 Employee Relations
Knowledge of
Laws and Regulations
Federal Laws
State Laws
Federal Regulations
Rights and Responsibilities
Employer
Employee
Employee Feedback
Employee Surveys
Processes for Obtaining Feedback
Workplace Behavior
Attendance and Absenteeism
Violation of Code of Conduct
Employee Conflicts
Workplace Harassment
Complaints and Grievances
Methods of Investigation
Grievance Processing
Progressive Discipline
Identifying Steps of Discipline
Documenting Progressive Discipline
When to Escalate Corrective Action
Termination
Off-Boarding and Termination
Payroll Processing—Final Paycheck
Benefit Processing
Documenting Reason for Separation
Employee Relations Programs
Recognition
Special Events
Diversity Programs
Workforce Reduction and Restructuring
Terminology
Downsizing
Mergers
Outplacement Practices
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Endnotes
Chapter 8 Health, Safety, and Security
Knowledge of
Laws and Regulations
Organizational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Bloodborne Pathogens
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act
Mine Safety and Health Act (MSHA)
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
Rehabilitation Act
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Mental Health Parity Act and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Risk Mitigation
Injury and Illness Prevention Plan (IIPP)
Health and Safety Monitoring
Handling Workplace Violence
Handling Emergencies
Security Risks
Data Security/Cyber-Crimes
Inventory and Supply Security
Equipment Security
Theft Prevention/Loss Prevention
Preventing Equipment Damage
Securing Passwords
Terrorism
Report Processing
Workers’ Compensation
OSHA Compliance
Employee Wellness Programs
Chapter Review
Questions
Answers
Endnotes
Chapter 9 Early HR Career–Level Tasks
Task #1—Access, Collect, and Provide Information and Data to Support HR-Related Decisions
Task #2—Comply with All Applicable Laws and Regulations
Task #3—Coordinate and Communicate with External Providers of HR Services
Task #4—Maintain Employee Data in HRIS or System of Record
Task #5—Maintain, File, and Process HR Forms
Task #6—Prepare HR-Related Documents
Task #7—Provide Internal Customer Service by Answering or Referring HR-Related Questions from Employees as the First Level of Support
Task #8—Communicate Information About HR Policies and Procedures
Task #9—Communicate the Organization’s Core Values, Vision, Mission, Culture, and Ethical Behaviors
Task #10—Identify Risk in the Workplace
Task #11—Minimize Risk by Conducting Audits
Task #12—Document and Update Essential Job Functions with Support of Managers
Task #13—Post Job Listings
Task #14—Manage Applicant Databases
Task #15—Screen Applicants for Managers to Interview
Task #16—Answer Questions from Job Applicants
Task #17—Coordinate Interview Logistics
Task #18—Interview Job Candidates
Task #19—Arrange for Tests and Assessments of Applicants
Task #20—Coordinate the Employment Offer
Task #21—Administer Post-Offer Employment Activities
Task #22—Communicate Compensation and Benefits Programs and Systems
Task #23—Coordinate Activities to Support Employee Benefits Programs
Task #24—Coordinate Payroll-Related Information
Task #25—Process Claims from Employees
Task #26—Resolve Routine Employee Compensation and Benefits Issues
Task #27—Conduct Orientation and On-boarding for New Hires, Rehires, and Transfers
Task #28—Coordinate Training Sessions
Task #29—Conduct Employee Training Programs
Task #30—Coordinate the Logistics for Employee Relations Programs
Task #31—Monitor Completion of Performance Reviews and Development Plans
Chapter Review
Endnote
Part III Appendixes
Appendix A List of Common HR Acronyms
Appendix B Case Laws by Chapter
Chapter 3—HR Operations
Chapter 4—Recruitment and Selection
Chapter 5—Compensation and Benefits
Chapter 6—Human Resource Development and Retention
Chapter 7—Employee Relations
Chapter 8—Health, Safety, and Security
Chapter 9—Early HR Career–Level Tasks
Appendix C For Additional Study
Appendix D About the Download
System Requirements
Installing and Running Total Tester
About Total Tester
Technical Support
Glossary
Index
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Introduction
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Chapter 1 Human Resource Certification
PART I
The Human Resource Profession
Chapter 1
Human Resource Certification
Chapter 2
U.S. Laws and Regulations
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